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BLEA 810 - Pre-Academy
Reading
5 Primary Objectives of Patrol Correct Ans - Protect and Serve Crime Prevention Preserve the Peace Enforce All Laws Arrest The Four C's of Call Response Correct Ans - Communicate, Coordinate, Command, Control 7 Fatal Tendencies Correct Ans - Unbalanced P.R./Service Orientation Uses less force than peers Uses force later than peers Shortcuts rules and procedures Acts without waiting for backup Relies too much on reading people Drops guard when good is percieved 10 Deadly Errors Correct Ans - Failure to watch hands Apathy towards suspect Lack of rest Tombstone Courage Preoccupation Missing Danger Signs Bad position Relaxing too soon Improper search or use of cuffs Failure to maintain proficiency in weapon, vehicle, equipment Substantive Law Correct Ans - Establishes the acts and mental state necessary to commit a crime
Procedural Law Correct Ans - Establishes the procedures to be employed in governmental affairs Significance of Criminal Procedures Correct Ans - Protects the rights of all citizens Enhances the ability to successfully prosecute criminals Reduces criminal liability to the officer Reduces civil liability to the officer Reduces likelihood of internal discipline Enhances public cooperation in those "critical times" Sources of Criminal Law Correct Ans - Constitutional Documents (US and WA ST) RCWs Washington State Court Rules Court Rulings from Federal and State Courts Agency Policies Common Law Public Duty Doctrine Correct Ans - Is there a duty owed? Is there a duty breached? Were there damages suffered? Was the duty breached approximate cause for damages suffered? First Amendment Correct Ans - Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition Second Amendment Correct Ans - Right to keep and bear arms Third Amendment Correct Ans - The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner Fourth Amendment Correct Ans - Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures Any warrants need Probable Cause
law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of the law. Level of Proof Needed for Criminal Prosecutions Correct Ans - Proof beyond a reasonable doubt Level of Proof Needed for Civil Actions Correct Ans - Preponderance of the evidence Trier of Law Correct Ans - Exclusively the responsibility of the judge Trier of Fact Correct Ans - judge or jury Jury Trial Correct Ans - Trial by peers Bench Trial Correct Ans - Trial by judge alone Appeal of Facts Correct Ans - The jury made the wrong decision. Not permissible in our system. Appeal of Law Correct Ans - The only valid grounds for appeal Federal Courts System Correct Ans - US District Court US Court of Appeals US Supreme Court United States District Courts Correct Ans - 1 judge hears civil and criminal cases United States Court of Appeals Correct Ans - 3 judges hear only appeal cases
United States Supreme Court Correct Ans - 9 judges - last chance for appeal cases State Courts Correct Ans - Municipal Courts District Courts Superior Courts State Court of Appeals Washington State Supreme Court Municipal Courts Correct Ans - 1 judge for criminal and civil cases originating within municipal boundaries. District Courts Correct Ans - 1 judge for criminal and civil cases originating within the county boundaries Superior Court Correct Ans - 1 judge for felony, civil and juvenile cases 1 judge for appeals of lower court decisions and admin hearings State Court of Appeals Correct Ans - Court for appeals of law 3 judges per case State Divided into 3 Divisions Each division can reach independent conclusions Washington State Supreme Court Correct Ans - The final avenue of appeal for Washington State Constitutional issues. Our court has traditionally utilized an "independent grounds" approach to their decisions Nine justices sit in consideration of appeals generated to the court All State judges are elected officials An adversarial court process is used in the United States Arrest to Trial - Components Correct Ans - Arrest - PC or Warrant
Anatomy of an Investigation Correct Ans - Respond to the scene or area and render the scene safe. Locate and gather witnesses and/or suspects. Identify evidence and establish borders. Call in additional resources if necessary. Get enough information for the report, and leave the scene better than how you found it. What is Physical Evidence? Correct Ans - Anything that will challenge or support information. Any legally obtained object or material which aids the investigator in reconstruction of the offense or the identification of the offender. Evidence that may prove or disprove a stated fact or belief. Evidence has an objective existence. It does not lie or fabricate. Evidence can take many forms. Importance of Physical Evidence Correct Ans - Prove a crime was committed, suspect on scene, establish person(s) involved Exonerate the innocent and corroborate witness testimony Locard's Exchange Principle Correct Ans - Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is exchange of materials between them. Information and Physical Evidence Correct Ans - Information is primary to locating a suspect Evidence is primary for conviction Physical Evidence is hard to misrepresent, no memory loss or fabrication Characteristics of Physical Evidence Correct Ans - Class Characteristics Individual Characteristics Class Characteristics Correct Ans - Comprise a group of something with no single source
Ex. fibers, paint, blood, hair, soil Individual Characteristics Correct Ans - Only one source Ex. fingerprints, bite marks, tool marks, handwriting, DNA, fired projectiles Physical Evidence Requirements Correct Ans - Legally obtained Relevant Identifiable A chain of custody must be maintained Crisis Correct Ans - Emotionally significant event that causes stress, overwhelms problem solving skills, and results in chaos Ingredients of Stress Correct Ans - Environmental Psycho-Social Personality Types of Stress Correct Ans - Acute Chronic Accumulative Delayed Effective Communication Correct Ans - The ability to select the appropriate means of communication, often under surprising or stressful circumstances Tactical Communication Correct Ans - A planned method of talking to people. It is also a technique for gaining voluntary compliance from difficult people using professional language. Active Listening Correct Ans - Listening to citizens, suspects, and other officers and showing that you're hearing/relating to what they are saying.
RCW 46.61.021 - Duty to Obey Law Enforcement Officer (Officer Authority) Correct Ans - Any person requested to signal to stop by a law enforcement officer for a traffic infraction has a duty to stop. When any person is stopped for a traffic infraction, the officer may detain that person for a reasonable period of time necessary to identify the person, check the status of the person's license, insurance, ID card, vehicle registration, and to complete/issue a notice of traffic infraction. Failure to Obey Officer (Misdemeanor) Correct Ans - RCW 46.61. RCW 46.61.022 - Failure to Obey Officer (Misdemeanor) Correct Ans - Any person who willfully fails to stop when requested or signaled to do so by a person reasonably indentifiable as a law enforcement officer or to comply with RCW 46.61. Attempting to Elude Pursuing Police Vehicle (Class C Felony) Correct Ans - RCW 46.61. RCW 46.61.024 - Attempting to Elude Pursuing Police Vehicle (Class C Felony) Correct Ans - Any driver of a motor vehicle who willfully fails or refuses to immediately bring his vehicle to a stop. Who drives in a manner indicating a wanton or willful disregard for the lives or property of others while attempting to elude a pursuing police vehicle. After the officer has signaled the vehicle to stop by hand, voice, emergency light, or siren. Officer in uniform Police Vehicle equipped with lights and sirens Necessary Correct Ans - No reasonably effective alternative to the use of force appeared to exist and that the amount of force used was reasonable to effect the lawful purpose intended.
Deadly Force Correct Ans - The intentional application of force through the use of firearms or any other means reasonably likely to cause death or serious physical injury.
