Fundamentals of Computer Science and IT: Course Overview and Components, Study notes of Logic

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Fundamentals of computer & IT

WIT-

Dr. Salma Shaheen

Details of WIT-

Periods/Week 04

**1. Periods per week 04

2. Total No. of Periods required 45
3. Mid. Sem Exam+ Assignment** marks

4. End Sem. Exam marks 60

Total marks=60+40=

**5. Duration of end sem. exam 2.5 Hours

6. Attendance requirement 75% each subject (No** Medical)

Block Diagram of computer

• The basic components of a computer are:
• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory / Storage Unit
• Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Control Unit
• Central Processing Unit
• These are shown in figure below:

Block Diagram along with Computer Component! Block Diagram of Computer

Output Unit

The output unit is just reverse of the input unit. it

accepts the result produced by computer, which

are in coded form and can't be easily understood

by us. Then it converts these coded result into

human readable form. After that it supplies the

converted results to the outside world.

Memory Unit

• The Memory Unit is the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing. Although it is closely associated with the CPU, in actual fact it is separate from it. Memory associated with the CPU is also called primary storage, primary memory, main storage, internal storage and main memory. When we load software from a floppy disk, hard disk or CD-ROM, it is stored in the Main Memory.
• There are two types of computer memory inside the computer:
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory

Secondary Memory

• Secondary storage, sometimes called auxiliary

storage, is all data storage that is not currently in a

computer's primary storage or memory. This is

computer memory that is not directly accessible to

the processor but uses the I/O channels. It is for

storing data not in active use and preserves data

even without power, meaning it is non-volatile. In a

personal computer, secondary storage typically

consists of storage on the hard disk and on any

removable media, if present, such as a CD or DVD.

Arithmetic Logical Unit

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers.

Control Unit

The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion.

Control Unit is responsible for co ordinating various operations using time signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed.

Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them.

It also acts as a switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and output.

Central Processing Unit

The control unit and ALU of a computer system are jointly known as the CPU. The CPU is the brain of computer system. It takes all calculations and comparisons in a computer systems and it is also responsible for activating and controlling the operations of other units of computer system.