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BLOODBORNE pathogens trainer
certification study guide solution
•Bloodborne pathogens of SPECIAL concern - answer -Hepatitis B virus (HBV) -Hepatitis C virus (HCV) -Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) •# 1 mode of transmission - - answer accidental needlestick •Risk of infection after a positive needlestick**** - answer -HBV ~ 30% if unvaccinated -HCV ~ 2% -HIV ~ 0.3% •Estimated survival on a surface* - answer -Hepatitis B virus (HBV): 7 days* -Hepatitis C virus (HCV): 16hrs to 4 days** -Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): a few hours*** OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIAL - answer -Semen -Any fluid or tissue containing visible blood -Cerebrospinal fluid -Synovial fluid -Pleural fluid
-peritoneal fluid -pericardial fluid -amniotic fluid -saliva in dental procedures -non-intact skin or organs from living dead humans COMMON WAYS of TRANSMISSION - answer IN GENERAL POPULATION -Sex -Drug users sharing needles IN HEALTHCARE SETTING: -Injuries involving needles -Injuries involving other sharps, such as scalpels, broken glass or anything that can pierce, puncture or cut skin OTHER RISK OF INFECTION - answer -Mouth, nose, eyes Broken Skin Includes -Open cuts -dermatitis -Skin abrasions -acne
•HIV may lead to AIDS •No threat of contracting HIV through casual contact is there a vaccine? for HIV? - answer •NO VACCINE AVAILABLE •Treatable, but not cureable HBV - answer -Most people infected recover and clear the infection -About 6% of those infected become chronically infected for life. -Each year, people die from chronic liver disease and liver cancer linked to hepatitis B. A small percentage of those are healthcare workers. Hepatitis B Vaccine: - answer -Is given in a series of 3 shots -Is safe -Is very effective at protecting you from getting hepatitis B. HBV characteristics - answer One million people infected •Very infectious... -1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe
- May cause liver disease, liver cancer, and death
•HBV Symptoms - answer - 10% of infected people become infectious for life (active carriers) jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting •Safe and effective vaccine is available
- Many HCW are not vaccinated HBV Transmission - answer - Needles (accidental needle stick, drugs, tattoos)
- Sex
- Contact with body fluids HCV - answer -Causes serious liver disease which may present symptoms similar to HEP B. -People who are infected with HEP C may have no symptoms for up to 30 years. Infection may slowly damage the liver. HCV continued - answer the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States
- Affects 4 times more people than HIV
- 90% infectious for life (active carriers) HCV Percentage of chronically infected - answer 55-85% HCV symptoms - answer Asymptomatic for 10 - 20 years -Mimic HBV when they appear
-Engineering Controls -Safe work practices -Personal protective equipment -Housekeeping -Administration of the HEP B Vaccine ENGINEERING CONTROLS - answer -Designed to isolate or remove hazards from the workplace Engineering controls are often technology based include: - answer -Autoclaves -Sharps disposal containers -Sharps with engineered sharps injury protections -Needleless systems HAND HYGIENE - answer -1.)Wet hands -2.)Apply recommended amount of soap -3.)Rub vigorously for a least 15 seconds over all surfaces of hands and fingers. -4.)Rinse thoroughly
-5.)Dry hands completely with a disposable towel -6) Use a dry towel to turn off faucet
