Human Circulatory System: Blood, Lymph, and Heart Function, Study notes of Biology

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Body Fluids &

Circulation

Nutrients

Waste

Oz

and other

ÑÑn&

harmful 08 essential (^) cells substances

substances

> We need

efficient mechanisms

sponges , coelenterates

circulate^ water^ through their body cavities (^).

High (^) organisms ,^ Humans

(^) Blood , (^) Lymph ( tissue fluid )

Plasmin s straw (^) coloured

viscous fluid (^55010) of blood plasma (^) > Plasma (^) without L (^) ✓ , clotting (^) factors

Small

go -

. G- go

Serum

Amt

. of lnlater (^) Proteins (^) > Albumin's

minerals to

Nat , Cat , osmotic balance Mg2+aHco5, fibrinogen (^) Vgeobulins 6- < & Blood clotting Glucose

( coagulation defence

amino acids

, presenting mech lipids. inactive form

T-02medelement.sn , erythrocytes ' Leeecocytes

Platelets

(^) 45% of blood

Eoyth=EyEEEdBloodCelb_

(^) Most abundant 5 to^505 millions^ of RBC (^) mm

formed in seed^ bone^ marrow (adults

> devoid^

of nucleus (^) ( most of mammals )

biconcave in^ shape .

red (^) coloured , Fe (^) containing Hb^.

Healthy individual >^ 12- gm Hb in

every

100Mt

of

blood

transport of respiratory^ gases

KLEES y±azEytes (^) -^ Aigoanulocytes - - Neutrophils ' Eosinophils (^) Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes

.

2-30/0 >^ Least^ 720- .

(^) 6-

of total resist (^) 10.5-1% L (^) ✓ 1^ infections

secretes B T^ > Phago (Most

abundant)

> also histamine^ > immune

Phagocytic associated serotonin^ response

• attic

with heparin

of allergic to body reactions involved in inflamm

atony

rxn

Platelets ( thrombocytes )

(^) Cele fragments from^ megkaryocytes ( special cells in^ bone (^) marrow) (^) 1,

• (^) 3. (^) 50, platelets mm -

Coagulation or clotting of

Blood

> Reduction^ can lead^ to^

clotting

disorders

excessive loss of blood from body

• Rh grouping : rn (^) rn -

Present^ in^8001. of human (Rmt)

> Rh^

•  antigen absent 

Rht^ > (^) Rh

INill^ form specific antibodies Rh^ - ve (^) Rht mother Fqetus First Pregnancy d) Two^

bloods are kiell

separated by placenta . (2) (^) During delivery

exp

. of maternal blood to^ small amount of Rh

• blood from (^) foetus.

Eeggalantine ofBlood Injury oo Trauma Iv coagulation Mechanism dark reddish " brown (^) scum a clot or^ coagulation (Network of

threads 4 a^

fibrin s) ( dead^ & damaged (^) formed elements) are trapped

Inactive thrombin

Fibeeins

Fibrm0genp thrombokinase Prothrombin

(^) Cla cascade^ process involving no. of (^) factors present^ in (^) the

plasma

in (^) an inactive^ state^.

EEkkateyi.at#aysQhenn

cloyed

Arthropods ,^

Molluscs Annelids^ > Chordates Heart to

I

closed network

Large

vessels

of blood vessels I (^) t open spaces^ or (^) more advantageous body cavities ( sinuses)

Vertebrates

muscular chambered^ heart

C) Fishes^ (^2 Chambered^ ) Atrium (^) srentuicle (2) (^) Amphibians

And

reptiles (except coocodi

less

3 chambered^ heart two atria^ , single ventricle (3) Crocodiles , Birds , Mammals

4 chambered heart

Two atria^ , two ventricles

ttn-phinbhazsnaadnke.pt/9es- {gÑÑungTskm other new body parts OXY

wood

Left atrium

deoxy.

Right L blood

atrium

Incomplete double mixed " upinthe circulation single ventricle I

mixed Blood

Bineknanmdmnammalsm Oxy

. blood^

deoxy.^

blood Left atria Right

atria

v v Left vent. Right vent. No Mixing Occurs Double Circulation