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DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE
DEPARTEMENT PLANTKUNDE
BOT161: Plant Biology / Plantbiologie
Semester test 1 / Semestertoets 1 MEMO
DATE / DATUM : 2014-08-26 MARKS / PUNTE : 50 TIME / TYD : 60 Min EXAMINERS / EKSAMINATORE: Dr TE Tshikalange & Mrs/ Mev A Kritzinger The test paper consists of 6 questions on 8 pages. Die vraestel bestaan uit 6 vrae op 8 bladsye. Answer all questions in either blue or black ink. Do not write or draw in pencil. Beantwoord alle vrae in of blou of swart ink. Moenie in potlood skryf of teken nie. Do not use correction fluid (Tipp-Ex). Moenie korrigeervloeistof (Tipp-Ex) gebruik nie.
QUESTION / VRAAG 1 : [8]
Answer the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. If your answer is FALSE, motivate your answer.
Beantwoord die volgende stellings as WAAR of ONWAAR. Indien jou antwoord ONWAAR is, motiveer jou antwoord.
1.1 Monocots typically have a taproot rather than an adventitious root sytem. Monokotiele het tipies eerder ‘n penwortelstelsel as ‘n bywortelstelsel. (1) False – Monocots have an adventitious root system Onwaar – Monokotiele het ‘n bywortelstelsel
1.2 Cohesion represents the tendency for water molecules to stick together by means of hydrogen bonds. Kohesie verteenwoordig die geneigdheid van water molekules om aan mekaar vas te klou d.m.v. waterstofbindings. (1)
True / Waar
1.3 A cladode is a flattened petiole that resembles a leaf blade.
’n Kladood is ’n afgeplatte petiool (blaarsteel) wat soos ’n blaarskyf lyk. (1)
False – phyllode is a flattened petiole (or cladode is a flattened stem) Onwaar – fillood is ‘n afgeplatte petiool (of kladood is ‘n afgeplatte stingel)
1.4 Water can cross the cortex via the symplast or apoplast, but minerals moving via the apoplast must finally cross the selective membranes of endodermal cells. Water kan deur die korteks beweeg via die simplas en apoplas, maar minerale wat deur die apoplas beweeg moet uit eindelik deur die selektiewe membrane van endodermisselle beweeg. (1) True / Waar
1.5 The osmotic uptake of water by sieve tubes at the sink causes the pressure in the pressure-flow hypothesis. Die osmotiese opname van water deur sifvate by die swelg veroorsaak die druk in die druk-vloei hipotese. (1) False, water uptake by the sieve tubes at the source causes the pressure. Or At the sink the pressure drops and water diffuses back to the xylem.
1.6 The epidermis give rise to lateral roots. Die epidermis gee oorsprong aan sywortels. (1) False, lateral roots arise from pericycle
1.7 Bark is associated with perennials but not annuals.
Bas word met meerjarige plante en nie met eenjarige plante geassosieer nie. (1)
True / Waar
1.8 Within a woody stem that develops secondary growth, the cork cambium develops from the cortex. In ‘n houtagtige stingel wat sekondêre groei ondergaan, ontwikkel die kurkkambium vanuit die korteks. (1)
True / Waar
QUESTION / VRAAG 3 : [14]
3.1 When you eat the following, what modified plant structures (roots, stems or leaves) are you consuming? Wanneer jy die volgende eet, watter gewysigde plantstrukture (wortels, stingels of blare) eet jy? (2) 3.1.1 Allium cepa Leaves 3.1.2 Daucus carota Roots
3.2 Stolons and rhizomes are both examples of metamorphic (modified) stems. How do they differ with respect to their growth patterns? What are their respective functions? Stolons en wortelstokke is albei voorbeelde van gewysigde stingels. Hoe verskil hul van mekaar t.o.v. hul groeipattrone? Wat is hul onderskeie funksies? (2)
Stolons: Grow on the ground surface (horizontally). (½) Rhizomes: Grow below the soil surface (horizontally). (½) Stolons: Vegetative reproduction (½) Rhizomes: Storage (½) and vegetative reproduction (½)
Or (Stolons en wortelstokke) : rootstock grows vertically below the soil
3.3 Explain how you would distinguish a monocot from an herbaceous dicot plant with regards to the anatomy of their stems. Mention two differences. Verduidelik hoe jy tussen ‘n monokotiele en ‘n kruidagtige dikotiele plant sal onderskei op grond van hul stingel anatomie. Noem twee verskille. (2)
Dicot / Dikotiel Monocot / Monokotiel Clear distinction between cortex and pith Kan onderskei tussen korteks en murg
No clear distinction between cortex and pith i.e. ground tissue Geen onderskeid tussen korteks en murg, grondweefsel kom voor Vascular bundles arranged in concentric (ring) pattern Vaatbondels in sirkel gerangskik
Vascular bundles scattered in ground tissue Vaatbondels in grondweefsel gerangskik
Cambium present Kambium teenwoordig
Cambium absent Kambium ontbreek
VRAAG / QUESTION 5 : [5]
5.1 Study the figure below and answer the following questions. Bestudeer die figuur hieronder en beantwoord die volgende vrae.
5.1.1 Give the number that indicates the palisade mesophyll. Gee die nommer wat die palisade mesofil aandui. (1) 1
5.1.2 Which structure is responsible for the transport of dissolved sugars? Give the number. Watter struktuur is verwantwoordelik vir die vervoer van opgeloste suikers? Gee die nommer. (1)
7
5.1.3 Provide two functions of the structure labeled 4. Verskaf twee funksies van die struktuur gemerk 4. (2 x ½)
Transpiration / Transpirasie (½) and Gaseous exchange / Gaswisseling (½)
5.1.4 Is the organization of tissues in the figure characteristic of a monocot or dicot plant? Give one reason for your answer. Is die weefselsamestelling in dié figuur kenmerkend van ‘n monokotiele of dikotiele plant? Gee een rede vir jou antwoord. (2)
Dicot / Dikotiel (1) Any one reason / Enige een rede (1)
- Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll distinguishable / Palisade mesofil en sponsmesofil onderskeibaar
- No bulliform cells / Geen motorselle
Half mark – not shown in figure / Halwe punt - nie op figuur aangedui nie
QUESTION / VRAAG 6 : [6]
Study the figure below and answer the following questions. Bestudeer die figuur hieronder en beantwoord die volgende vrae.
6.1 Give the number of the structure that represents the following. Gee die nommer van die struktuur wat die volgende voorstel. (3)
zygote / sigoot : 8
male gametophyte / manlike gametofiet : 22
male product of meiosis / manlike produk van meiose : 20
6.2 At which point (process A, B, C or D) is pollination occurring in the above figure? By watter punt (proses A, B, C of D) vind bestuiwing plaas in die bostaande figuur? (1)
C
6.3 For each of the following structures (represented by the numbers), write down if the structures are representative of the sporophyte or gametophyte generation. Vir elkeen van die volgende strukture (voorgestel deur die nommers), skryf neer of die strukture verteenwoordigend van die sporofitiese of van die gametofitiese generasie is. (4 x ½) 4: gametophytic / gametofities
18: sporophytic / sporofities
12: sporophytic / sporofities
7: sporophytic / sporofities
TOTAL / TOTAAL : 50
