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Brain Development and Cognitive Growth: From Instincts to Abstract Thinking - Prof. Zachar, Study notes of Psychology

Colorado State University (CSU)Psychology
Prof. Zachary J. Steiner

The fascinating process of brain development from birth to adulthood, focusing on synaptic pruning, cognitive milestones, and various developmental stages. Topics include neuron loss, remaining complex neurons, brain damage, instincts, reflexes, and cognitive development according to jean piaget's stage theory.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 04/13/2012

mardiguian26149
mardiguian26149 🇺🇸

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8 February
Brain development
Born with all the neurons you will ever have
Synaptic pruning
At age 20: lost 90% of neurons
Remaining neurons become more complex
Can’t stop the process, only slow it
Stay mentally active
Brain damage
De-myelination – MS
Shrinkage – memory loss
Cell death – stroke
Plaques/tangles – Alzheimer’s
Stage theories vs. continuous theories
Stage
Plateaus and rapid change
Continuous
Slow and steady development
Universality – common to everyone
Context-specific – unique to each person/culture
Instincts and reflexes
pf3
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8 February Brain development Born with all the neurons you will ever have Synaptic pruning At age 20: lost 90% of neurons Remaining neurons become more complex Can’t stop the process, only slow it Stay mentally active Brain damage De-myelination – MS Shrinkage – memory loss Cell death – stroke Plaques/tangles – Alzheimer’s Stage theories vs. continuous theories Stage Plateaus and rapid change Continuous Slow and steady development Universality – common to everyone Context-specific – unique to each person/culture Instincts and reflexes

In-born instinctive and reflexive behaviors All serve some purpose Rooting reflex Tendency to open mouth, and search for nipple when touched on the cheek Gripping reflex Infants firmly grasp objects that brush their hands/palms Withdrawal reflex Withdraw the hurt limb and extend another one in an effort to push away attacker Cognitive development Cognition – mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating Schema – a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information Assimilation – interpret experience based on our schemas Accommodation – modify current schema to accommodate new information Jean Piaget 1896 to 1980 Stage theory of cognitive development Sensorimotor Birth to age 2 Only sense the world, no thoughts about it Touching, mouthing, grasping Object permanence About 6 – 8 months Awareness that things exist when we do not perceive them

  • Not sequential, people can operate with all