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Business Finance, 2026 – Study Material and Practice Questions-4.docx
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American Heritage Desk Dictionary - ANS✔✔ Defined finance as the management of money, banking, investments, and credit. Also defined finance as a management of money and other assets Finance - ANS✔✔ Is both a science and an art of correct application of the economic and accounting concepts and principles that define the system, structure, and process of management, allocation, and utilization of financial resources, investments, and expenditures. Financial Resources - ANS✔✔ Refer to the funds of a business which are provided by the owner or by the creditors. Resources of the business - ANS✔✔ Are largely intended to handle the current operating activities and the other activities that will have long-term effects Financial Investments - ANS✔✔ Are resources that are expected to provide income and achieve appreciation or growth of the business. Interest and Bonds - ANS✔✔ The financial benefits that are usually derived from financial investments. Financial Expenditures - ANS✔✔ May cover the operating expenditures and the capital expenditures. Operating Expenditures - ANS✔✔ Are period costs that include business expenses such as salaries, electricity, and water, travelling expenses, and the like.
Capital Expenditures - ANS✔✔ Involve the acquisition or construction of buildings, machinery, processing plant, and land Private Finance - ANS✔✔ Is the management of financial resources of private individuals, non-governmental organizations, and private organizations in accordance with the prescribed financial policy and priority of the person or business organizations. Public Finance - ANS✔✔ Is the allocation of government income generated from either taxation or borrowings and the government expenditure based on the approved national and local appropriation or budget. Fiscal Administration - ANS✔✔ The other term of Public Finance Personal Finance - ANS✔✔ Is a sub category of private finance which is directed towards the management of personal resources of an individual. Income - ANS✔✔ Sourced from compensation, Exercise of profession, or business income as a sole proprietor Income - ANS✔✔ Is allocated based on the individual's person needs such as household expenses, education, hospitalization, and acquisition of personal real properties Business Finance - ANS✔✔ Is an area of finance that focuses on the handling and management of financial resources of a business organization. Financial Management, Capital Market, and Financial Investment - ANS✔✔ The three major divisions of business finance
Depository Institutions - ANS✔✔ Are financial institutions that accept deposits from individuals and corporate entities, extend loans to borrowers, transfer funds, and manage funds for investment purposes Banks, Saving and Loan Association, Trust Companies, and Credit Unions - ANS✔✔ Examples of Depository Institutions Banks - ANS✔✔ Provide mechanism where savers can put their excess funds through deposits. Savings and Loan Association - ANS✔✔ Referred to as a financing mortgage loan company, are financial institutions that is engaged in the business of accumulating the savings of its members and stockholders, and using such accumulations for loans or investments in securities of productive enterprises Operating Expenditures - ANS✔✔ Are. Cost that include business expenses such as salaries, electricity and water, traveling expenses, and the like Capital expenditures - ANS✔✔ Involve the acquisition or construction of buildings, machinery, processing plant, and land