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CANADIAN CITIZENSHIP
What/who is the oath professed to? - The Monarch. Not a document (e.g. constitution), a banner (e.g. flag), or a geopolitical entity (e.g. country). What is the Magna Carta also known as? - The Great Charter of Freedoms (created in 1215) What does the Magna Carta include? - Freedom of conscience and religion; of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including of speech and of the press; of peaceful assembly; and of association. What is the Habeas corpus? - The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state. It comes from English common law. When was the Constitution of Canada amended? - 1982 What does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms include? - Mobility Rights, Aboriginal Peoples' Rights, Official Language Rights and Minority Language Educational Rights, and Multiculturalism. It also attempts to summarize fundamental freedoms. What are the Mobility Rights? - Canadians can live and work anywhere they choose in Canada, enter and leave the country freely, and apply for a passport. What are the Aboriginal Peoples' Rights? - The rights guaranteed in the Charter will not adversely affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of Aboriginal peoples. What are the Official Language Rights and Minority Language Educational Rights? - French and English have equal status in Parliament and throughout the government. What is Multiculturalism (with respect to the charter)? - A fundamental characteristic of the Canadian heritage and identity. Canadians celebrate the gift of one another's presence and work hard to respect pluralism and live in harmony.
What are the Citizenship Responsibilities? - Obeying the law, Taking responsibility for oneself and one's family, Serving on a jury, Voting in elections, helping others in the community, protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment. What is the name of Canada's original constitutional document? - The British North America Act. It is also known as the Constitution Act. When was the British North America Act created? - July 1, 1867. What is the key phrase in Canada's original constitutional document in 1867 (the British North America Act)? - Peace, Order and Good Government. The act officiated the Dominion of Canada. What is Canada's three founding peoples? - Aboriginal, French and British When were Territorial rights first guaranteed? - 1763 in the Royal Proclamation by King George III. Unfortunately, treaties that were not always fully respected. During what time period did the federal government place many Aboriginal children in residential schools to educate and assimilate them into mainstream Canadian culture? - From the 1800s until the 1980s When did the federal government formally apologize to the former (Aboriginal) students? - 2008 What are the three distinct groups referred to by the term Aboriginal peoples? - First Nations (formerly Indian), Inuit, and Metis. Who are the Inuit? - The Inuit, which means "the people" in the Inuktitut language, live in small, scattered communities across the Arctic. Who are the Metis? - The Metis are a distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry, the majority of whom live in the Prairie provinces. They come from both French- and English-speaking backgrounds and speak their own dialect, Michif.
What is the first and second largest religious affiliations? - Catholic, followed by various Protestant churches. The great majority of Canadians identify as Christians. Who are the Iroquois? - A confederation of five (later six) First Nations from the Great Lakes region who were farmers and hunters. They battled with French settlements for a century (1600s). The French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701. Who are the Cree and Dene? - The Aboriginal people of the Northwest who were hunter-gatherers. Who are the Sioux (pronounced su)? - The nomadic Aboriginal people who followed the bison herd. Who are the Inuit? - The Aboriginal people of the Northwest who were hunter-gatherers. What did West Coast natives commonly eat? - Preserved fish by drying and smoking. Who were the people that Europeans formed strong economic, religious and military bonds with in the first 200 years of coexistence, which laid the foundations of Canada? - the Aboriginal people Who were the first known Europeans in North America? - The Vikings from Iceland who colonized Greenland 1000 years ago. Where did the first Vikings settle in Canada? - Labrador and the island of Newfoundland. The remains of their settlement, l'Anse aux Meadows, are a World Heritage site. Who was the first to draw a map of Canada's East Coast? When? - John Cabot in 1497 when European exploration began in earnest. Who made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France? When? - Jacques Cartier between 1534 and 1542.
What is the origin of Canada's name? - Jacques Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village", throughout his three voyages across the Atlantic between 1534 and
- By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on maps. The name became official in the Constitutional Act of 1791. Who established the first European settlement north of Florida? When? - French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain in 1604. The first settlement was on St. Croix Island (in present-day Maine). A second settlement was at Port-Royal, in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia). Which French explorer built a fortress at what is now Quebec City? When? - Samuel de Champlain in
What was the first collaborative economy between the French and Aboriginal people based upon? - Fur- trading, driven by the demand for beaver pelts in Europe. Who were some of the notable leaders of the French Empire in North America that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico? - Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, and Count Frontenac In what year did King Charles II of England grant the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay? - 1670 What were the English and French fur-traders that formed strong alliances with First Nations called? - Voyageurs and coureurs des bois What marked the end of France's empire in America? - The Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759 -- the British defeated the French. Who were the commanders of the English and French armies at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham? - Brigadier James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm. Both were killed leading their troops in battle. What were the 1700s people in the British renamed colony of the "Province of Quebec" called? - Canadiens or habitants. They strove to preserve their French-speaking Catholic way of life in the English- speaking, Protestant-ruled British Empire.
What is the "Underground Railroad"? - A Christian anti-slavery network that helped thousands of slaves escape from the United States. In what year did the Montreal Stock Exchange open? - 1832 What was the War of 1812? - A battle between Canada and the United States that lasted about two and a half years. In 1813 the Americans burned Parliament Buildings in York (now Toronto). In 1814, the White House was burned down in retaliation. Who was Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry? - A military officer that, with the help of 460 soldiers, turned back 4000 American invaders at Chateauguay, south of Montreal. Who was Major-General Robert Ross? - A military officer that led an expedition from Nova Scotia that burned down the White House and other public buildings in Washington, DC Who was Lord Durham? - An English reformer sent to report on the rebellions of 1837-38. He recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government. How many square kilometers is Canada? - 10 million What are the five regions of Canada? - The Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, The Prairie Provinces, The West Coast, The Northern Territories What is the National Capital and when/who chose it? - Ottawa, located on the Ottawa River, was chosen as the capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria, the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II. What are the 10 provinces and 3 territories, and their capital cities? - Newfoundland and Labrador - St. John's, Prince Edward Island - Charlottetown, Nova Scotia - Halifax, New Brunswick - Fredericton, Quebec - Québec City, Ontario - Toronto, Manitoba - Winnipeg, Saskatchewan - Regina, Alberta - Edmonton, British Columbia - Victoria, Nunavut - Iqaluit, Northwest Territories - Yellowknife, Yukon Territory - Whitehorse
What is the population of Canada? - 34 million What natural resources do the Atlantic Provinces have? - Fishing, farming, forestry and mining What are the Atlantic Provinces? - Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick What are some facts about Newfoundland and Labrador? - It is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone. It is the oldest colony of the British Empire and is known for its fisheries, coastal fishing villages and distinct culture. It also has immense hydro-electric resources. What are some facts about Prince Edward Island? - It is the smallest province, known for its beaches, red soil and agriculture, especially potatoes. P.E.I. is the birthplace of Confederation. What are some facts about Nova Scotia? - Is the most populous Atlantic Province, world's highest tides in the Bay of Fundy, shipbuilding, fisheries and shipping. Halifax is home to Canada's largest naval base. What are some facts about New Brunswick? - In the Appalachian Range, founded by the United Empire Loyalists, has the second largest river system on North America's Atlantic coastline, the St. John River system. Forestry, agriculture, fisheries, mining, food processing and tourism are the principal industries. Moncton is the principal Francophone Acadian centre. Is the only officially bilingual province, and about one-third of the population lives and works in French. Which provinces are in Central Canada? - Quebec and Ontario What percentage of the population live in Central Canada? - 50% What area is considered the industrial and manufacturing heartland? - Central Canada; Quebec and Ontario together produce 3/4 of all Canadian manufactured goods What are some facts about Quebec? - Eight million people live in Quebec, 3/4 speak French as their first language. Industries include forestry, energy and mining, main producer of pulp and paper, Canada's
What is Canada's largest and busiest port? - Vancouver What are some facts about British Columbia? - Has a population of 4 million. About one-half of all the goods produced in B.C. are forestry products, including lumber, newsprint, and pulp and paper products —the most valuable forestry industry in Canada. B.C. is also known for mining, fishing, and the fruit orchards and wine industry of the Okanagan Valley. B.C. has the most extensive park system in Canada, with approximately 600 provincial parks. Chinese and Punjabi the most spoken languages in the cities after English. The capital, Victoria, is a tourist centre and headquarters of the navy's Pacific fleet. What are the three Northern Territories? - Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut What percentage of Canada's land mass do the Northern Territories contain? - 33%, but population is only 100, What are the main resources in the Northern Territories? - Gold, lead, copper, diamond and zinc mines. Oil and gas deposits What region of Canada is referred to as the "Land of the Midnight Sun"? - The North In the winter of Northern Canada, how many months does the sun disappear for? - 3 months What is tundra and what area of Canada is made up mainly of it? - Tundra is the vast rocky Arctic plain, that the North is mainly made up of. There are no trees on the tundra and the soil is permanently frozen. What are some facts about Yukon? - Thousands of miners came to the Yukon during the Gold Rush of the 1890s, as celebrated in the poetry of Robert W. Service. Mining remains a significant part of the economy. The White Pass and Yukon Railway opened from Skagway in neighbouring Alaska to the territorial capital, Whitehorse, in 1900 and provides a spectacular tourist excursion across precipitous passes and bridges. Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada (- 63°C). Where is Mount Logan and why is it significant? - Located in the Yukon, is the highest mountain in Canada. It is named in honour of Sir William Logan, a world-famous geologist, born in Montreal in 1798
to Scottish immigrant parents. Logan founded and directed the Geological Survey of Canada from 1842 to 1869 and is considered one of Canada's greatest scientists What are some facts about the Northwest Territories? - Made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the Northwestern Territory. The capital, Yellowknife (population 20,000), is called the "diamond capital of North America." More than half the population is Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit and Métis). The Mackenzie River, at 4,200 kilometres, is the second-longest river system in North America after the Mississippi and drains an area of 1.8 million square kilometers. What are some facts about the Nunavut? - Nunavut, meaning "our land" in Inuktitut, was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories, including all of the former District of Keewatin. The capital is Iqaluit, formerly Frobisher Bay, named after the English explorer Martin Frobisher, who penetrated the uncharted Arctic for Queen Elizabeth I in 1576. The 19-member Legislative Assembly chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. The population is about 85% Inuit, and Inuktitut is an official language and the first language in schools. What is the purpose of the Canadian Rangers? - Canada's vast North brings security and sovereignty challenges. Dealing with harsh weather conditions in an isolated region, the Canadian Rangers, part of the Canadian Forces Reserves (militia), play a key role. Drawing on indigenous knowledge and experience, the Rangers travel by snowmobile in the winter and all-terrain vehicles in the summer from Resolute to the Magnetic North Pole, and keep the flag flying in Canada's Arctic. What is responsible government? - Ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern When did Upper and Lower Canada become united as the Province of Canada? - 1840 What was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government? When? - Nova Scotia in 1847- Who was Lord Elgin? - The governor of United Canada who, with encouragement from London, introduced responsible government in 1848-49. Who was La Fontaine? - The first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas
When did Nunavut split from the NW Territories to become its own Canadian territory? - 1999 Who was Sir John Alexander MacDonald? - He was a Father of Confederation who became Canada's first Prime Minister. His portrait is on the $10 bill. Who was Sir George-Étienne Cartier? - He was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec. A railway lawyer, Montrealer, close ally of Macdonald and patriotic Canadien, Cartier led Quebec into Confederation and helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia into Canada. Who was Louis Riel? - The father of Manitoba: he was a leader of the Metis people. He led two resistance movements against the Canadian government (Red River Rebellion of 1869-70 and North- West Rebellion of 1885), the latter of which resulted in his execution for high treason, opposed by Quebec. What is the RCMP's origins? - PM Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) in 1873 to pacify the West and assist in negotiations with the Indians. This, in part, became the RCMP in
Who was Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona)? - The Scottish-born director of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). On November 7, 1885 he drove the last spike for the railway promised by Ottawa to British Columbia. Who was Sir Wilfrid Laurier? - The first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation. He encouraged immigration to the West. His portrait is on the $5 bill. How long has the crown been a symbol of Canada? - 400 years What is the crown a symbol of? - Government, including Parliament, the legislatures, the courts, police services and the Canadian Forces When was the new Canadian flag raised? - 1965
Where does the red-white pattern on the flag come from? - From the flag of the Royal Military College, Kingston, founded in 1876 Red and white have been the national colours of Canada since what year? - 1921 What is our official Royal Flag? - The Union Jack What is the Canadian Red Ensign? - Canada's flag for 100 years When was the Maple Leaf adopted as a symbol? - In the 1700's by French Canadians When did the Maple leaf first appear on Canadian uniforms and insignia? - 1850s Why is the fleur-de-lys important to Canada? - Was a symbol in France since 496 and revived at confederation on the Canadian Red Ensign flag What is Canada's national motto? - A mari usque ad mare, which in Latin means "from sea to sea." What do the Canadian arms contain symbols of? - England, France, Scotland and Ireland as well as red maple leaves. Today the arms can be seen on dollar bills, government documents and public buildings. When were the Parliament buildings completed? - In the 1860s. The Centre Block was destroyed by an accidental fire in 1916 and rebuilt in 1922. The Library is the only part of the original building remaining. The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of the First World War. What does the Memorial Chamber within the Peace Tower contain? - Books of Remembrance in which are written the names of soldiers, sailors and airmen who died serving Canada in wars or while on duty. What architectural styles are the Parliament buildings modeled after? - French, English and Aboriginal traditions and the Gothic Revival architecture popular in the time of Queen Victoria. The provincial legislatures are architectural treasures. The Quebec National Assembly is built in the French Second
What is the Victoria Cross? - The highest honour available to Canadians and is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, a daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice, or extreme devotion to duty in the presence of the enemy How many Canadian's have won the Victoria Cross? - 96 since 1854 What are the National Public Holidays? - New year's Day - January 1; Sir John A. Macdonald Day - January 11; Good Friday - Friday immediately preceding Easter Sunday; Easter Monday - Monday immediately following Easter Sunday; Vimy Day - April 9; Victoria Day - Monday preceding May 25 (Sovereign's birthday); Fête nationale (Quebec) - June 24 (Feast of St. John the Baptist); Canada Day - July 1; Labour Day- First Monday of September; Thanksgiving Day - Second Monday of October; Remembrance Day - November 11; Sir Wilfrid Laurier Day - November 20; Christmas Day - December 25; Boxing Day - December 26 What type of economic nation is Canada? - A trading nation When did Canada enact free trade with the US? - 1988 When was NAFTA enacted, and which countries are involved? - 1994, Canada/US/Mexico; over 444 million people and over $1 trillion in merchandise trade in 2008 What does it mean to Canada to be part of the G8? - Canada has one of the ten largest economies in the world What 3 main industries does Canada's economy include? - Service, manufacturing, natural resource What percent of Canadians work in the service industry? Some examples - 75%; transportation, education, health care, construction, banking, communications, retail services, tourism and government What are some examples of products manufactured in Canada? - paper, high technology equipment, aerospace technology, automobiles, machinery, food, clothing
What country is our largest trading partner? What percent of exports go to this country? - US; more than 75%; we have the biggest bilateral trading relationship in the world Is is true that a large percent of Canada's exports include natural resources? - True What are some examples of natural resources developed in Canada? - forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining and energy What is the Canada/USA border referred to as? - "the world's longest undefended border" What is written on the Peach Arch referring to Canada/US unity? - "children of a common mother" and "brethren dwelling together in unity" What presumption is Canada's judicial system founded on? - Innocence in criminal matters, meaning everyone is innocent until proven guilty What is Canada's legal system based upon? - The rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles and due process. Due process is the principle that the government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to under the law. Who makes Canada's laws? - Elected representatives Who settles disputes? - Courts Who enforces the law? - Police Is anyone above the law? - No What is Canada's highest court? - Supreme Court of Canada Which court deals with matters concerning the federal government? - The Federal Court of Canada
When did the Canadian Corps capture Vimy Ridge (France)? - April 1917, with 10,000 killed or wounded, securing the Canadians' reputation for valour as the "shock troops of the British Empire." An officer said "In those few minutes I witnessed the birth of a nation." April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day. During which years did Canada intern Austro-Hungarian people in labour camps? - Over 8000 people were interned from 1914 to 1920 Who is General Sir Arthur Currie? - He's hailed as Canada's greatest soldier. The Canadian Corps advanced alongside the French and British Empire troops in the last hundred days of WW1 including the victorious Battle of Amiens on August 8, 1918. Who was Dr. Emily Stowe? - The first Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada. Her efforts on women's suffrage resulted in Manitoba becoming the first province to grant voting rights to women in
- By 1918 most Canadian female citizens over 21 could vote in the federal elections. Who was Agnes Macphail? - A farmer and teacher who became the first female MP. Who was Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae? - A Canadian medical officer who wrote, "In Flanders Field", composed in 1915. It is often recited on Remembrance Day which is observed on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month to honour the sacrifices of all who have served and the 110,000 Canadian soldiers who have lost their lives. What is referred to as the "Roaring Twenties"? - The boom times of the 1920s with prosperity for businesses and low unemployment. What is referred to as the "Dirty Thirties"? - The Great Depression of the 1930s that resulted from the 1929 stock market crash. Unemployment reached 27% in 1933. The Bank of Canada, a central bank to manage the money supply and bring stability to the financial system, was created in 1934. Immigration dropped and many refugees were turned away, including Jews trying to flee Nazi Germany in 1939. What is known as D-Day? - The epic invasion of Normandy (France) on June 6, 1944 where 15, Canadian troops (1/10 of the allied troops) stormed and captured Juno Beach from the German Army.
Which Commonwealth country contributed the most to the Allied air effort in WW2? - Canada, with over 130,000 Allied air crew trained in Canada under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. By the end of WW2, which three countries had the biggest navy in the world? - The United States had the largest; Britain had the second largest; Canada had the third largest. Who did the Government of Canada compensate and apologize to in 1988 for wartime wrong-doings? - Canadians of Japanese origin who were put into internment camps and whose properties were sold without compensation despite the military and RCMP telling Ottawa that they posed little danger to Canada. What did the World Trade Organization (WTO) used to be called, and when did borders start to open up for trade? - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); postwar and after the Depression When was oil discovered in Alberta? - 1947 What year was first time a majority of Canadians were able to afford adequate food, shelter and clothing? - 1951 Between 1945 and 1970, which country did Canada draw close to? - United States (and other trading partners); the country enjoyed one of the strongest economies among industrialized nations. What is The Canada Health Act? - It ensures common elements and a basic standard of coverage. Unemployment insurance (now called "employment insurance") was introduced by the federal government in what year? - 1940 Old Age Security was implemented in what year? - 1927 The Canada and Quebec Pension Plans were implemented in what year? - 1965 Publicly funded education is provided by which level of government? - The provinces and territories
