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Capstone Simulation: Navigating the Competitive Landscape, Exams of Advanced Education

Harvard UniversityAdvanced Education

The capstone simulation is a comprehensive business strategy game that challenges participants to make strategic decisions across various functional areas, including marketing, production, finance, and human resources. Insights into the key concepts and mechanics of the simulation, covering topics such as product positioning, pricing, promotion, capacity management, and financial management. By analyzing the information presented, users can gain a deeper understanding of the critical factors that drive success in the capstone simulation, enabling them to develop effective strategies and make informed decisions to outperform their competitors. A wide range of topics, from enabling macros in excel to understanding the impact of product attributes and customer preferences on market performance. This knowledge can be valuable for students and professionals interested in business strategy, operations management, and decision-making in a competitive environment.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/16/2024

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CAPSIM Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update.
1. When opening the Excel version of Capstone®, you should do what to Macros? -
Correct Answer-Enable
If there are two identical products, one that has 100% accessibility and one that has 0%
accessibility, - Correct Answer-the product with 100% accessibility will outsell the other
2 to 1 providing all other attributes are identical.
3. How many products does every team start with? - Correct Answer-Five products
4. What are three of the five Segments? - Correct Answer-a. Traditional, Low End,
Performance
5. A segment manager's task is to - Correct Answer-b. verify the products entering and
leaving a segment, the margin potential for those products, capacity level and the
distribution system as compared to competitors.
6. What is the difference between the market segments at the beginning of the round to
the final round? - Correct Answer-b. The fine cuts overlap in the beginning and in year 8
only the rough cuts overlap.
7. Successful managers will: - Correct Answer-a. Create a strategy
b. Coordinate company activities
c. Analyze the market and its competing products
After you have uploaded your decisions to the website, can you change your official
decisions as many times as you want prior to the processing date and time of the
round? - Correct Answer-yes
9. Once you upload your official decisions during a round, how many times can you
change them before the end of the round? - Correct Answer-e. As many times as you
want
10. What trend can be explicitly observed in the industry in which your company is
operating? - Correct Answer-c. Products become smaller and smaller.
11. On perceptual map, the percentage of customers interested in a product positioned
outside of the rough cuts of that product is - Correct Answer-0%
12. MTBF is measured in - Correct Answer-b. hour increments.
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Download Capstone Simulation: Navigating the Competitive Landscape and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

CAPSIM Exam Questions With 100%

Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update.

  1. When opening the Excel version of Capstone®, you should do what to Macros? - Correct Answer-Enable If there are two identical products, one that has 100% accessibility and one that has 0% accessibility, - Correct Answer-the product with 100% accessibility will outsell the other 2 to 1 providing all other attributes are identical.
  2. How many products does every team start with? - Correct Answer-Five products
  3. What are three of the five Segments? - Correct Answer-a. Traditional, Low End, Performance
  4. A segment manager's task is to - Correct Answer-b. verify the products entering and leaving a segment, the margin potential for those products, capacity level and the distribution system as compared to competitors.
  5. What is the difference between the market segments at the beginning of the round to the final round? - Correct Answer-b. The fine cuts overlap in the beginning and in year 8 only the rough cuts overlap.
  6. Successful managers will: - Correct Answer-a. Create a strategy b. Coordinate company activities c. Analyze the market and its competing products After you have uploaded your decisions to the website, can you change your official decisions as many times as you want prior to the processing date and time of the round? - Correct Answer-yes
  7. Once you upload your official decisions during a round, how many times can you change them before the end of the round? - Correct Answer-e. As many times as you want
  8. What trend can be explicitly observed in the industry in which your company is operating? - Correct Answer-c. Products become smaller and smaller.
  9. On perceptual map, the percentage of customers interested in a product positioned outside of the rough cuts of that product is - Correct Answer-0%
  10. MTBF is measured in - Correct Answer-b. hour increments.
  1. Customers that want low prices and are willing to sacrifice miniaturization and performance are in the - Correct Answer-c. low End segment.
  2. Customers that want small products and are willing to sacrifice performance are in the - Correct Answer-e. size segment.
  3. In Capstone©, pricing standards are set by: - Correct Answer-a. Customers (Market Segment).
  4. "Reliability" is expressed in terms of: - Correct Answer-a. Mean Time Between Failure.
  5. MTBF measures what? - Correct Answer-c. Reliability
  6. The two characteristics that the perceptual map evaluates are - Correct Answer-a. Performance and Size.
  7. The Perceptual Map is - Correct Answer-a. a marketing tool used to track the position of the company's products against those of the competitors.
  8. The segments all drift to the lower-right section of the perceptual map. Why does this drift take place? - Correct Answer-c. Customers want smaller and faster products. c. Customers want smaller and faster products. - Correct Answer-d. down; right
  9. When tracking market segments on the performance and size perceptual map, which segment moves or "drifts" the slowest? - Correct Answer-b. Traditional
  10. What happens to a product priced at $1 above or below the segment guideline when a segment's product supply outstrips demand? - Correct Answer-c. It loses 20% of its appeal.
  11. What's the measure for product reliability? - Correct Answer-c. Expected time a product lasts
  12. At what dollar amount above the segment guidelines is all consumer appeal lost? - Correct Answer-b. $
  13. The prices in each segment - Correct Answer-a. drop by $0.50 each year.
  14. MTBF in the segments should be - Correct Answer-MTBF (Performance) > MTBF (High End)., and MTBF (Low End) < MTBF (Size).
  15. Which of the following are not buying criteria? - Correct Answer-b. Automation
  1. Which one is not an area in which Capstone® separates company activities? - Correct Answer-d. Logistics
  2. The following represent core company activities that must be addressed each year except: - Correct Answer-d. Labor Negotiations.
  3. Which of the following is not addressed by R&D? - Correct Answer-e. Workforce Complement
  4. In the Marketing Plan, Research and Development addresses all but the: - Correct Answer-d. automation of assembly lines.
  5. When an R&D effort started in 2001 completes on September 15, 2002, the product revision kicks in - Correct Answer-b. immediately upon completion.
  6. The relative cost of a product's material cost increases as: - Correct Answer-c. MTBF is raised.
  7. R&D completion time can be shortened - Correct Answer-d. when a company takes advantage of existing technology.
  8. R&D completion time depends on - Correct Answer-a. number of projects in R&D. b. automation rating. c. the age of the product.
  9. Which Automation rating requires the longest time to reposition a product? - Correct Answer-e. 10
  10. In Capstone® - Correct Answer-c. the terms age and perceived age are used interchangeably.
  11. When a product is moved to a new location on the Perceptual Map, the Perceived Age (or Age) is: - Correct Answer-c. divided in half.
  12. Changing MTBF will: - Correct Answer-a. have no impact on Perceived Age.
  13. R&D projects can change a product's: - Correct Answer-a. size. b. age. c. reliability. d. performance.
  14. If your team decides to introduce a new product, when should capacity and automation be purchased? - Correct Answer-b. One round prior to product release
  15. If you purchase production capacity and automation: - Correct Answer-c. it is available in the next year.
  1. Marketing is concerned with 4 things. What are they? - Correct Answer-c. Price, Place, Promotion, and Product
  2. An increase in promotional budgets have: - Correct Answer-c. decreasing returns over time.
  3. Promotion efforts are subject to - Correct Answer-c. diminishing returns.
  4. What effect do increases in the Promotion Budget have on a product's Awareness?
  • Correct Answer-d. Diminishing returns
  1. Assuming no additional product promotion, what percent of customers, reached through last year's marketing campaign will carry over into the current year? - Correct Answer-c. 67%
  2. How is the strength of the sales channel measured? - Correct Answer-b. Accessibility on a scale of 0 to 100%
  3. If you drop your sales budget to zero, accessibility drops to 0% in how many years?
  • Correct Answer-
  1. If your company has a sales budget of $3 million and drops it to zero, - Correct Answer-c. accessibility drops to 0% in three years.
  2. All of the following are direct implications of hiring a second shift except: - Correct Answer-d. increased MTBF.
  3. How can assembly lines double their capacity? - Correct Answer-b. Add a second shift.
  4. If you increase automation from 2.0 to 5.0, the cost is: - Correct Answer-a. $12 per unit of capacity.
  5. What is one drawback of increasing automation? - Correct Answer-a. The product requires increased time/expense for subsequent short-move repositioning.
  6. If you reduce automation in the production component of Marketing, you will: - Correct Answer-b. incur a retooling cost.
  7. If you want to add 500,000 units of capacity to an assembly line with an automation rating of 5, how much will it cost? - Correct Answer-c. 13,000,
  8. If a line has a capacity of 100,000 units, the cost of changing the automation level 1 unit either up or down is - Correct Answer-c. $400,000.
  1. Capital needed for company activities cannot be acquired through: - Correct Answer-d. arbitrarily firing employees.
  2. Which financial obligation is best satisfied with Bond Issues? - Correct Answer-b. Increased production capacity
  3. What happens to a company when its debt-to-assets ratio increases? - Correct Answer-c. Its short term interest rates increase. d. Its bond rating is reduced.
  4. What is your bond rate? The prime rate is 10%; your current bond rating slipped one category (from AAA to AA). - Correct Answer-b. 10.5%
  5. An AAA rating bond with a given prime rate at r, the bond rating slips to B if the current debt interest rate is charged at - Correct Answer-a. R+2.5%
  6. If your interest rate is 12.1%, and when you issue new bonds, the bond interest rate is: - Correct Answer-c. 13.5%.
  7. Given a prime rate of r and a short term interest rate of r+2.5, is the bond rate for issuing a new bond is equal to (r+3.9%). - Correct Answer-yes
  8. You pay no brokerage fee if you: - Correct Answer-d. Allow bonds to mature to their due date.
  9. In Capstone® what would the bond number be for a bond with an interest rate of 6.5% that matures in 2003? - Correct Answer-c. 6.5S
  10. You are charged a ____ brokerage fee to issue stock and ____ brokerage fee to retire stock. - Correct Answer-b. 5%; 1.5%
  11. The Credit Policy Lag has implications for: - Correct Answer-a. Customer survey score. c. Production
  12. Budgeting money to Quality initiative will lead to these outcomes except: - Correct Answer-c. increase Labor Costs.
  13. How can the R&D cycle time be reduced? - Correct Answer-b. Budgeting money to quality initiatives
  14. Investing in CPI can - Correct Answer-c. reduce material costs and labor costs to a lesser degree.
  15. Investing in CCE/Six Sigma can - Correct Answer-c. reduce labor and material costs.
  1. Within the Process Management Initiatives, channel support systems - Correct Answer-c. increase demand.
  2. Benchmarking reduces - Correct Answer-d. Administrative Cost.
  3. Which of the following is an example of a TQM initiative? - Correct Answer-c. Quality Function Deployment Effort
  4. Within the process management initiatives, concurrent engineering - Correct Answer-d. reduces R&D cycle time.
  5. The situation analysis consists of ______ parts. - Correct Answer-
  6. The situation analysis is - Correct Answer-a. a team exercise. b. designed to help your group understand the current market conditions. c. designed to help your group understand how the industry will evolve over the next 8 years. d. a five part analysis.
  7. Which three customer groups "ride the wave of technology" and are considered to be in the high technology segments? - Correct Answer-a. Performance, High End, and Size
  8. When plotting the segment locations for each round - Correct Answer-a. the goal is to determine the ideal spot location for each segment during the 8 years.
  9. Which of the following questions is answered by the demand analysis? - Correct Answer-c. Are the market segments growing at the same rate?
  10. Two points that should be considered in your strategy are - Correct Answer-c. it is easy to confuse unit market size with dollar market size.
  11. What is the total cost in dollars for adding 1.0 million units of capacity to a production line with an automation level of 1.0 and floor space costs per unit of $6? Assume automation costs per unit of $4. - Correct Answer-b. $10 million 1 000 000 (6 +4*1) = 10 000 000
  12. If you are currently producing 100,000 units and your automation level is 10, how much will it cost you to double your capacity? - Correct Answer-b. $4,600, 100 000 (6 + 4*10) = 4 600 000
  13. What is the right formula for capacity investment? - Correct Answer-d. Investment = Capacity x [$6 + ($4 x Automation)]

e. none of the above. <---------

  1. A point or some points you consider for your strategy are - Correct Answer-a. strive to give your customers the top two buying criteria. b. the perceptual map is more important as a rough cut consideration than a fine cut distinction. c. maximize the effectiveness of R&D, to achieve higher demand you must have a substantially better offer, it does not matter how good your product is if you stock out.
  2. In Capstone®, the spreadsheets allow team members to - Correct Answer-a. make changes to variables. b. observe the results of changes made to variables.
  3. Each of the spreadsheets - Correct Answer-a. work independently. b. depend on values entered in other spreadsheets.
  4. New products are created on which spreadsheet? - Correct Answer-b. Research and Development
  5. Using the R&D Spreadsheet to design your products, you have which of the following projects to choose from? - Correct Answer-a. Repositioning b. Invention c. Reliability adjustment
  6. What is the minimum amount of time that it takes to create a new product? - Correct Answer-c. 1 year
  7. What are the drivers of Material Costs? - Correct Answer-a. Higher performance b. Smaller size c. Higher Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
  8. The marketing spreadsheet is used to set which of the following: - Correct Answer- a. prices. b. promotion budgets. c. sales budgets.
  9. The A/R lag is - Correct Answer-a. a marketing spreadsheet definition. b. the accounts receivable lag (in days). c. the time between customers receiving products and when they are expected to pay for them.
  10. What happens to a company when it increases the A/P lag? - Correct Answer-a. It improves its cash position. d. Its suppliers withhold material for production.
  1. The automation level - Correct Answer-b. causes you to require more manpower with lower ratings. c. causes you to require less manpower with higher ratings.
  2. When going to a new automation level - Correct Answer-a. there is a 1 year lag.
  3. Negotiation Ceilings which represent the maximum management is willing to pay are always - Correct Answer-c. 10% above the starting positions.
  4. Maximum issue is - Correct Answer-a. the upper limit in thousands of dollars that teams can issue in stock this year.
  5. Cash position is - Correct Answer-c. the cash position at the beginning of the round and a projection of the cash position at the end of the round.
  6. What effects do Process Management Initiatives have? - Correct Answer-a. Administrative savings b. Higher production efficiency c. Increase in demand d. Reduction of R&D times
  7. Your team will make decisions for - Correct Answer-a. Marketing. b. Finance. c. Human Resources. d. Production.
  8. Which customer group or market segment seeks proven products using current technology? - Correct Answer-b. Low End customers
  9. Which customer group or market segment seeks proven products, are indifferent to technological sophistication, and are price motivated? - Correct Answer-b. Low End customers
  10. Which customer group or market segment seeks cutting edge technology in both size and performance? - Correct Answer-c. High End customers
  11. Which customer group or market segment seeks high reliability, advanced technology products that emphasize high performance? - Correct Answer-d. Performance customers
  12. Which customer group or market segment seeks advanced technology products that focus on small size? - Correct Answer-e. Size customers
  13. Repositioning moves a product on the Perceptual Map from its old location to a new one. When does the new location become active? - Correct Answer-a. The day the R&D project completes
  1. The resources used in the Sales Budget are - Correct Answer-d. Outside Sales, Distributors, and Inside Sales.
  2. When working with inside sales, each inside salesperson costs - Correct Answer-c. $50,000.
  3. When working with Distributors, each distributor costs - Correct Answer-b. $100,000.
  4. When working with Outside Sales, each salesperson costs - Correct Answer-d. $125,000.
  5. In only one product segment, diminishing returns for distributors is reached at - Correct Answer-c. 15
  6. In only one product segment, diminishing returns for inside sales is reached at - Correct Answer-e. 30
  7. In only one product segment, diminishing returns for outside sales is reached at - Correct Answer-b. 12
  8. The marketing budget detail sales screen allows companies to allocate their promotion budget to different media channels. These media channels are: - Correct Answer-b. Print Media, Direct Mail, Trade Shows, E-Mail, and Web Media.
  9. When investing in print media, diminishing returns apply after - Correct Answer-a. $700,000 per product.
  10. The potential reach for E-mail is rated as good for the - Correct Answer-e. Size and Performance.
  11. The potential reach for Trade Shows is rated as good for the - Correct Answer-b. High End.
  12. The Promotion part of advanced marketing allows teams to allocate their time based on - Correct Answer-b. each Product.
  13. The time allocation on the advanced marketing module can be used to - Correct Answer-b. make a greater effort by the sales staff which translates into increased demand for that product.
  14. In forecasting, it is not likely that you will take half of the sales unless - Correct Answer-d. the price is at the low end of the range and the positioning, age and MTBF are superior.
  15. A product's demand is driven by - Correct Answer-b. customer survey.
  1. The customer survey score is driven by - Correct Answer-c. 4Ps.
  2. Process Management Initiatives - Correct Answer-a. improve business procedures, resulting in improved efficiencies and cost structures.
  3. TQM initiatives - Correct Answer-b. improve product quality while reducing the time and resources required to design, manufacture, warehouse and ship products.
  4. This process management initiative reduces material cost and, to a lesser degree, labor costs. - Correct Answer-c. Continuous Process Improvement systems (CPI)
  5. This process management initiative reduces material costs and administrative overhead. - Correct Answer-b. Vendor/Just-in-Time Inventory (JIT)
  6. This process management initiative reduces labor costs. - Correct Answer-d. Quality Initiative Training (QIT)
  7. This process management initiative increases the effectiveness of the Sales Budget and therefore demand. - Correct Answer-d. Channel Support systems
  8. This process management initiative reduces R&D cycle time, - Correct Answer-a. Concurrent Engineering (CCE)
  9. These TQM initiatives reduce administrative overhead; reduces the R&D cycle time and enhances the effectiveness of the promotion and sales budget. - Correct Answer-b. Quality Function Deployment and Benchmarking
  10. The TQM initiative reduces material costs and labor costs. - Correct Answer-a. Concurrent Engineering (CCE)/Six Sigma
  11. If there are 4 products listed in the Capstone Courier in the traditional segment that have a customer survey scoring of 32, 28, 22 and 14, then the top product's demand would be: - Correct Answer-d. 33%.
  12. One of the ways of calculating the top product's demand is by - Correct Answer-c. divide the top product segment's score by the sum of all other scores in that segment (not counting fringe products).
  13. Combining size and performance creates a product attribute known as - Correct Answer-c. positioning.
  14. Which statement is true? - Correct Answer-b. Increases in capacity and changes in automation take a full year to implement. Sales of capacity are immediately effective.
  1. What section of the perceptual map is considered ideal for the low end segment? - Correct Answer-d. Upper Left
  2. Increasing performance and shrinking size does what to the material cost? - Correct Answer-b. Increases
  3. The promotion budget affects: - Correct Answer-a. awareness
  4. What is the starting awareness percentage of a new product? - Correct Answer-d. 25%
  5. When investing in web media, diminishing returns apply after - Correct Answer-a. $500,000 per product.
  6. When investing in Trade Shows, diminishing returns apply after - Correct Answer- d. $300,000 per product.
  7. In order to achieve 100% accessibility, a team must: - Correct Answer-b. have at least two products in the same segment's fine cut.
  8. At the start of the simulation, your production plant has ___lines with room for ____more - Correct Answer-d. 5, 3
  9. If you sell off a production line (capacity and automation), the amount of cash that the company will receive from the sales of capacity will be - Correct Answer-a. 65% of the original value.
  10. Inventory Carrying Cost is ___% of the average cost of production. - Correct Answer-e. 12
  11. Traditional customers consider this buying criteria to be the most important - Correct Answer-d. Age
  12. What is the most important criteria to a "High End Segment" customer? - Correct Answer-a. Positioning
  13. Size Segment customer consider this buying criteria to be the most important - Correct Answer-a. Positioning
  14. It takes ______ years to invent a product. - Correct Answer-c. at least one year
  15. A new unit of capacity costs $6 for the floor space plus $4 times - Correct Answer- b. automation rating.
  1. A functional manager is responsible for coordinate strategy and tactics across all functional areas of the company exemplified by - Correct Answer-b. R&D, Marketing, Production, Finance, Human Resources & TQM.
  2. How many market segments are there? - Correct Answer-
  3. Which of the following buying criteria does not have a rough cut? - Correct Answer- age
  4. When investing in E-mail, diminishing returns apply after - Correct Answer-b. $600,000 per product.
  5. What is a market segment? - Correct Answer-c. Group of customers with similar purchasing concerns
  6. The company's negotiation starting position for wages - Correct Answer-a. is never more than 150% of the current contract.
  7. Labor will strike for a maximum: - Correct Answer-b. 84 days.
  8. The interest rate on a bond ______ by________ for each______ in the bond rating category. - Correct Answer-a. Increases; 0.5%; Decrease
  9. You are charged a ______ brokerage fee to issue bonds and ______ brokerage fee if you retire bonds prior to their maturation date. - Correct Answer-d. 5%; 1.5%
  10. EPS (Earning Per Share) is calculated by - Correct Answer-d. dividing net profit by the number of shares outstanding.
  11. Which of the following is not a Process Management Initiative available to your company? - Correct Answer-b. GEMI Sustainability
  12. Which of the following is not one of the five parts to the Situation Analysis: - Correct Answer-e. Forecasting Analysis.
  13. Products that are halfway between the fine and rough cut circle will experience a drop in customer survey score by: - Correct Answer-50%
  14. Quality Initiative Training can - Correct Answer-d. decrease labor costs.
  15. Investing in Vendor Just In Time can - Correct Answer-d. reduce material costs and administrative costs.
  16. Adding one additional unit of capacity costs - Correct Answer-b. $6 + ($4 x Current Automation Level).
  1. If the previous year you reached 100% customer awareness in your company, this year what will you need to do to maintain this level? - Correct Answer-c. I would only need to create 33% new awareness to maintain 100% this year.
  2. Teams can produce up to ______ products. - Correct Answer-
  3. A production line with 1000 units of capacity has a max production capability of: - Correct Answer-d. 2000.
  4. When purchasing increased Capacity and Automation, the new capacity becomes available - Correct Answer-b. in 1 year.
  5. Capacity is sold by - Correct Answer-d. entering a negative number in the Buy/Sell row on the Production Spreadsheet.
  6. Your inventory for a product will be automatically liquidated at half average cost of production if you - Correct Answer-a. Sell all the capacity on the corresponding production line
  7. Emergency loans are made at what rate over the normal Current Debt interest rate? - Correct Answer-b. 7.5%
  8. The Ideal Spot - Correct Answer-c. drifts at same pace as the segment.
  9. Ideal Spot is particularly important for - Correct Answer-d. high technology segments.
  10. What is the size of the plant at the start of the simulation? - Correct Answer-b. 5 assembly lines with space to add 3 more.
  11. What are the Process Management Initiatives? - Correct Answer-d. CPI, UNEP Green, JIT, QIT, Channel Support Systems, Concurrent Engineering
  12. Each round is the equivalent of - Correct Answer-c. one year.
  13. The Consumer Report rates product attributes of price, reliability, age, positioning, awareness and accessibility using: - Correct Answer-a. Three levels (such as Good, Fair, or Poor)
  14. If you see a red flag on one of your spreadsheets, what does it mean? - Correct Answer-d. There is more information.
  15. Which one of these criteria is not a top product characteristic of at least one segment? - Correct Answer-d. Promotion
  1. Customer Awareness Reports: - Correct Answer-c. percentage of Customers who knew about the product.
  2. For positioning in the fine cut, which one is not right? - Correct Answer-c. High End preferred Position is located in the lower left of the circle. c. High End preferred Position is located in the lower left of the circle. - Correct Answer- b. T-Bills
  3. Price accounts for _________customers' decision-making in the low end sector. - Correct Answer-53%
  4. What does not drive length of R&D project? - Correct Answer-e. The labor strike.
  5. With each year (round) customer awareness for each product decreases by: - Correct Answer-33%
  6. Diminishing returns for a single year and a single initiative on TQM budgets become noticeable at - Correct Answer-c. $2.0M.
  7. High end customers prefer a product age of 0, at what age exceeds the fine cut for the product - Correct Answer-2 years
  8. For non-advanced marketing module, promotion expenditures reach diminishing returns at - Correct Answer-a. about $3M
  9. In the High End Segment, price as a buying criteria accounts for: - Correct Answer- b. 9% of decision.
  10. Companies with this strategy state their vision as follows: Low priced products for the whole industry, our brands offer solid value. Our primary stakeholders and bondholders, customers, stockholders and management. - Correct Answer-d. Broad Cost Leader
  11. In the Traditional Segment, age as a buying criteria accounts for: - Correct Answer- c. 47% of decision.
  12. An accessibility of 60% means that ________. - Correct Answer-a. only 60% of customers have an easy time finding a product, talking to a salesperson and taking delivery. b. of the customers who cannot easily locate the product, they will seek it out.
  13. How much higher are second shift wages than the first shift wages? - Correct Answer-d. 50 %