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cardiovascular system- nursing
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what does the cardivsacular system consist of? blood vessels, heart and blood inner layer of blood vessels tunica intima What is an artery? A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart what cells do capillaries contain? endothelial cell capillaries are branches from what? arterioles Do veins have valves? yes to prevent backflow is the pressure in veins low or high? low
what is capillary dynamic dependent on? osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure the heart is supplied by what? coronary arteries the outer layer of the heart? pericardium What does the myocardium consist of? cardiac muscle what is cardiac muscle made of? monoctyes what is the function of the endocardium? serves as protective inner lining of the chambers and valves what way does blood flow? one way
the resistance to blood flow determined by diameter of systemic blood vessel What is autoregulation? the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply artial systole atrial contraction ventricle systole ventricle is filled with blood and contracts, pumping blood to the aorta and pulmonary arteries complete cardiac cycle relaxation of both atria and ventricle where does the conducting system take place? myocardium Where is the SA node located? right atrium the SA node is referred to as?
pacemaker the non-conducting tissue prevents what? impulse travelling from atria straight to the ventricle Where is the AV node located? atrial septum Why is there a delay at the AV node? to allow the atria to finish contracting AV Bundle (Bundle of His) originates from where? AV node What does the AV bundle divide into? purkinje fibres where is the electrical impulse transmitted to? apex of myocardium is the myocardium under voluntary control? no
Chemoreceptors nerve endings located in the carotid and aortic bodies long term blood pressure regulation RAAS and ADH hormone Influence of higher brain centers Reflexes that regulate BP are found in medulla. Hypothalamus, can modify arterial pressure via relays to medulla mitral valve valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle mitral valve prolapse improper closure of the mitral valve heart rate inceased by? sympathetic activity peripheral resistance regulated by? vasometer centre
what is capillary fluid dynamics? the movement of substances between the capillaries and tissue space What does the tunica media consist of? smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic tissue tunica externa? outermost layer
