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CATEGORY 11 AERIAL APPLICATION REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/
What action must you complete before dropping in over any obstructions on swath approach? - ANSWER - Turnaround Do not make turns over the following at any time? - ANSWER - Residences, poultry houses, livestock, and ponds/reservoirs. Minimum altitude you must maintain during ferrying flights? - ANSWER - 500ft AGL When ferrying never fly directly over what kind of buildings? - ANSWER - Farm buildings During ferrying flights it is good practice to do what on each new run? - ANSWER - Deviate course 1/8-1/4 of a miles from your previous course Aerial application equipment is calibrated according to what metric? - ANSWER - APM or Acres per minute DGPS-mediated flow controllers do what? - ANSWER - Adjust flow dependent on aircraft speed
Application height is the distance between what two things? - ANSWER - nozzle tip/spreader exit plant canopy Small droplet sprays require what sort of application heights? - ANSWER - Application heights of 8-10ft above canopy for droplet sizes in the 150- 200 micron range What sort of water could you use for spray pattern testing? - ANSWER - Dyed water When spray pattern testing with oil based test liquid, what sort of cards should be used? - ANSWER - Oil sensitive cards Effective swath is: - ANSWER - The span of the spray pattern that contains enough pesticide to obtain the desired result/pest control Overall swath is: - ANSWER - The outermost range that spray droplets within your pattern will reach but are not enough to result in satisfactory pest control
If there is an obstruction at the end of a field, how should it be handled? - ANSWER - One or two swath widths prior to reaching the obstruction, cut off spray and pull up. After those passes are complete, fly one or two parallel clean up passes to catch the swaths you cut off early for. What are the different types of ground crew members? - ANSWER - -On site field crew
- Mix/load crew
- Application equipment servicing crew What jobs do the On Site Field Crew perform? - ANSWER - -Current weather conditions
- Topographical feature awareness
- Location and dimension of ground based hazards
- Buffer zone delineations
- Other factors affecting the job The process of "Reregistration" refers to what practice by the EPA? - ANSWER - Reviewing of older pesticides (those registered before November 1984_ to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards.
What process may lead to the changing of pesticide labeling on a product you have been using for years? - ANSWER - "Reregistration" performed by the EPA What is the most likely route of pesticide exposure for aerial applicators? - ANSWER - Dermal Is it true that different handling activities (mixing, loading, applying, cleaning equipment etc) may require different PPE? - ANSWER - YES, TRUE The effect of any pesticide depends on which two factors? - ANSWER - - Amount of chemical absorbed
- Size of the organism receiving the chemical The measurement of:
- The amount of chemical absorbed
- The size of the organism receiving the chemical Is referred to as what term? - ANSWER - Dosage When referring to "dosage" the amount of chemical is measured in what form? - ANSWER - Milligrams(mg)
A HIGH LD50 means that a pesticide is what? - ANSWER - Only slightly toxic What appears on the label that is a summary of a products dosage-response testing results? - ANSWER - The signal word Common symptoms of external exposure to pesticides may include? - ANSWER - -Blisters, rash, and or burns
- Swelling or stinging sensation Common symptoms of pesticide poisoning may include? - ANSWER - - headache, dizziness, muscle weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, changes in heart rate
- Seizures, tightness in the chest
- Cramping, mental confusion Cholinesterase is essential for what in the body? - ANSWER - Regulation of nerve impulses What two types of pesticides can effect cholinesterase in the body? - ANSWER - -Organophosphates
- Carbamates
When should your doctor perform a baseline cholinesterase test? - ANSWER
- During the off season when exposure to organophosphates is low or non existent. When should your doctor perform cholinesterase test to determine if your exposure level to organophosphates is too high? - ANSWER - During the spray season when exposure potential is high. What member of a spray operation is at the greatest risk for pesticide exposure? - ANSWER - Ground crew members. Does sweaty skin absorb more or less pesticide than dry skin? - ANSWER - More A service crew member is considered_________ until a spray rig/parts are cleaned and rinsate is managed? - ANSWER - A pesticide handler When others are present, the first step in a poisoning emergency is to? - ANSWER - Call an ambulance, poison control center, or doctor depending on the situation. If skin from pesticide exposure has started to blister, what should you NOT do? - ANSWER - Towel dry the effected area.
In the event of an aerial applicator crash, what should be your first action? - ANSWER - Grab a fire extinguisher and immediately head to the crash site. If the plane is on fire, what should your steps be? - ANSWER - -Use the fire extinguisher to help pilot out of the crash
- Check pilot for injury/contamination
- Clean contamination off pilot
- Loosen restrictive clothing, stop heavy bleeding
- Call ambulance Nontarget crops, humans or domestic animal habitats and wildlife environments may be harmed by what? - ANSWER - Pesticide drift What governs the legal use of a pesticide? - ANSWER - The target site, NOT the target pest Can you legally apply a pesticide to a site not mentioned on a label if you are targeting a pest permitted by the label? - ANSWER - NO, because the target site is what determines legal use of a product. What is the single most important factor affecting drift? - ANSWER - Droplet size
What is spray drift? - ANSWER - The PHYSICAL movement of spray particles through the air at the time of a pesticide application. What movement types are NOT considered pesticide drift? - ANSWER - - Erosion
- Migration
- Volitility
- Windblown contaminated soils Spray droplet size is affected by: - ANSWER - The:
- Equipment
- Formulation
- Adjuvents selected
- Weather conditions Spray droplets are generally measured in: - ANSWER - Microns The measurement of a micron is what? - ANSWER - one millionth of a meter Spray droplets of what size are not visible to the unaided eye? - ANSWER - Less than 100 microns
VMD is helpful for predicting what? - ANSWER - Nozzle tips capacity to provide spray coverage. VMD can also be used to describe in simpler terms? - ANSWER - The "spread" of droplet sizes in a given droplet spectrum. Settling velocity is what? - ANSWER - The rate at which a spray droplet falls through the air toward the ground. Another term for settling velocity is? - ANSWER - Fall Rate Settling velocity is generally roughly proportional to what? - ANSWER - The square of a droplets diameter. The settling velocity of a 200 micron droplet is? - ANSWER - 231 feet/minute The settling velocity of a 20 micron droplet is - ANSWER - 2.4 feet/minute What can you adjust to alter spray droplet size? - ANSWER - -Nozzle type
- Orifice diameter
- Spray pattern angle
- Travel speed
- Spray pressure
- Nozzle mounting angle What are a few of the common nozzle types used in aerial application? - ANSWER - -Cone
- Fan
- Straight stream
- Rotary atomizers Which spray pattern angle is less likely to create drift prone droplets, 80 or 110 degree? - ANSWER - 80 degree Which spray pattern is less likely to produce drift prone droplets, conical or fan? - ANSWER - Fan pattern What influence does air shear have on spray droplets? - ANSWER - Causes droplets to collide with each other an break up, creating a greater number of drift prone droplets. How should nozzles be angled to avoid disruption by air shear? - ANSWER - In the same direction as the air flow, generally straight back for a fixed wing aircraft.
What is the COMPLETE pesticide product called? - ANSWER - Formulation Pesticide sprays similar to water result from formulations that either: - ANSWER - -Dissolve in water (WSP,WSL)
- Suspend physically in water (WP,F)
- Suspend chemically in water (EC) The best way to manage drift potential is to? - ANSWER - Manage and control droplet size An Invert Emulsion is? - ANSWER - A water soluble substance suspended in an oil diluent and oil carrier. Inver Emulsions have what defining characteristics? - ANSWER - -Thick and creamy
- Do not readily evaporate or break up into small droplets What is the main purpose of adjuvants? - ANSWER - To increase a pesticides effectiveness or safety Spray adjuvants alter what? - ANSWER - The PHYSICAL characteristics of a liquid as it leaves the nozzle, hits the target, or both
A surfactant is an example of what variety of spray additive? - ANSWER - Adjuvant Adding a surfactant will do what to the characteristics of a spray mix? - ANSWER - -Change the proportion of the spray emitted as a particular droplet size
- Change the total spray droplet spectrum produced by the nozzle tip Surfactants act in what way? - ANSWER - Reduce the surface tension of a liquid and promote the formation of small droplets. Thickening agents are also referred to as? - ANSWER - Viscosity modifiers The terms "tank mix" or "spray mix" generally refer to what? - ANSWER - A mixture of several different a.i's, several formulations, and one or more adjuvant that are combined by at least one diluent or carrier. What is Microweather? - ANSWER - The weather conditions at ground level or within the plant canopy at or near the target site. What does very stable air indicate? - ANSWER - A temperature inversion
What is dead reckoning? - ANSWER - Elapsed time along a rhumb line at an estimated constant speed. LORAN Stands for what? - ANSWER - Long range navigation What is LORAN Navigation? - ANSWER - Ground generated, hyperbolic radio signals What is GPS navigation - ANSWER - Satellite generated, encoded microwave signals Is there a best form of navigation? - ANSWER - No, a combination of methods usually works best for navigation. Landmark navigation generally uses what? - ANSWER - A combination of man made objects, flag crews, and similar items to direct an aircraft. What is a problem with dead reckoning navigation? - ANSWER - Generally too crude to be useful for precision aerial application of pesticides. What is LORAN generally considered? - ANSWER - Back up technology for gps
What are the THREE segments of GPS technology? - ANSWER - -Space segment:24 orbiting satellites
- Control segment: 5 on the ground tracking stations
- User segment: individual GPS receivers How often do GPS satellites orbit the earth? - ANSWER - Every 12 hrs The Control Segment of GPS consists of 5 tracking stations located where? - ANSWER - -Hawaii
- Ascension Island
- Diego Garcia
- Kwajalein
- Colorado Springs Which tracking station is the "master station"? - ANSWER - The Station in Colorado Springs What is the job of the GPS Master Station? - ANSWER - To send corrections for orbital location and clock data to all the satellites. What does a GPS receiver receive? - ANSWER - Detect signals from four satellites, which then plot the receivers location in three dimensional space, x/y/z.
