Download CCI ECHO REVIEW SET 1 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
CCI ECHO REVIEW SET 1
If a patient takes propranolol daily, which of the following is the most likely finding on the echo? A. Vegetation formation on the tricuspid Valve B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Subaortic stenosis caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy D. Carcinoid disease - ANS C Which of the following controls adjust the number of shades of gray displayed of the to the 2Dimage A. Output power B. Dynamic range C. Wall filter D. Monitor brightness - ANS B Which of the following is a disadvantage of digital echo imaging compared to video recording? A. Transient events may be difficult to capture B. Contrast imaging cannot be properly documented C. Cannot record more than 5 seconds of the cardiac cycle D. Significant increase in ultrasound exposure - ANS A What is the RVSP for the patient in the video with a peak velocity through the VSD of 3 m/s and a systemic blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg A. 34 mmHg B. 36 mmHg C. 106 mmHg D. 74 mmHg - ANS D
How does acromegaly typically affect the heart? A. Severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation B. Coarctation C. Pulmonary HTN D. Left ventricular hypertrophy - ANS D Deceleration time on a Doppler tracing of the mitral valve is usually unaffected by: A. Mitral stenosis B. Impaired relaxation of the left ventricle C. Aortic stenosis D. Early stages of Pulmonary HTN - ANS D Which type of cardiomyopathy is most strongly associated with diabetes? A. Hypertrophic B. Dilated C. Infiltrative D. Non-compaction - ANS B Which of the following echocardiographic views will best demonstrate color Doppler display of aortic regurgitation? A. Parasternal short axis B. Apical 3 chamber C. Parasternal long axis D. Suprasternal notch - ANS B
Which of the following system controls is used mainly in cardiac imaging to correct for a drop out on the sides of the image? A. Lateral gain B. 2D priority C. Post-processing D. 3D image rendering - ANS A The aortic root is measured in the parasternal long axis view and the calipers are placed ______________. A. From outer edge to inner edge of the anterior and posterior walls B. From inner edge to outer edge of the anterior and posterior walls C. From inner edge to inner edge of the anterior and posterior walls D. From outer edge to outer edge of the anterior and posterior walls - ANS A Which of the following is a normal finding with a prosthetic valve? A. Dehiscence B. Perivalvular leakage C. Prominent pannus formation D. Valve Masking - ANS D When evaluating the severity of aortic insufficiency using CW Doppler, it is important to: A. Measure the vena contracta B. Measure the acceleration time of the retrograde and antegrade flow C. Compare signal intensity of retrograde flow with antegrade flow D. Measure the slope of the antegrade flow - ANS C
What is the purpose of the eustachian valve in fetal circulation? A. It serves no purpose because it is just a remnant of embryological development B. To guide flow through the foramen ovale C. To restrict flow from the IVC into the right atrium to prevent volume overload D. To guide flow across the ductus arteriosus - ANS B Endocarditis affects the _______and cardiomyopathy affects the _____. A. Myocardium, pericardium B. Endocardium, pericardium C. Endocardium, myocardium D. Pericardium, Myocardium - ANS C The early heart tube normally: A. Loops laterally then anterior B. Loops anterior and to the left C. Loops anterior and to the right D. Loops medially then laterally - ANS C The slope between which two points of the Doppler tracing of the mitral valve are used to calculate the pressure half time? A.D-E B. E-F C. E-A D. E/E' - ANS B What transducer position is preferred for evaluation of abdominal situs?
C. Located posteriolaterally in the chest D. Several chordae tendinae attach directly to the ventricular wall - ANS D _________ are the most common benign tumor of the cardiac valves. A. Papillary fibroelastomas B. Myxomas C. Rhabdomyomas D. Sarcomas - ANS A A patient is undergoing a pharmacologic stress echo and the last dose of Dobutamine has been delivered with little increase in heart rate. Which of the following would most likely be administered to this patient to continue to try to increase the heart rate? A. Adenosine B. Perfluorocarbon C. Atropine D. Persantine - ANS C Which type of murmur is associated with mild aortic stenosis? A. Low rumbling systolic B. Mid systolic click C. Continuous D. Systolic ejection - ANS D A Patient presents for an echocardiogram due to a recent onset of shortness of breath and an abnormal EKG. The EKG report indicates the presence of electrical alternans. What is the expected findings on the echo? A. Significant pericardial effusion
B. CHF
C. hemochromatosis D. Wall motion abnormality's due to CAD - ANS A What is a sonographic marker used to differentiate the right ventricle and left ventricle? A. Moderator band B. Chiari network C. Eustachian valve D. False tendon - ANS A Which of the following will cause an increased pulmonary artery pressure? A. Aortic coarctation B. Systemic HTN C. Flail Mitral leaflet D. Mild Tricuspid Regurgitation - ANS C You identify left atrial mass with an irregular shape and a grape cluster appearance. It is heterogeneous with areas of calcification. These findings are most suggestive of: A. Hypernephroma B. Myxoma C. Rhabdomyoma D. Fibroma - ANS B Which echocardiographic view provides the best 2D evaluation of aortic stenosis? A. Parasternal long axis B. Parasternal short axis
C. Left to right D. Bidirectional - ANS A A 19-year-old male presents with a history of Loeys-Dietz syndrome. What are you expecting to find on the echo? A. Pulmonary stenosis and a VSD B. Bicuspid aortic valve and atrial septal defect C. Subaortic stenosis and cleft Mitral Valve D. Ascending and/or descending aortic aneurysm - ANS D Which statement correctly describes the difference between an aneurysm of the LV and a pseudoaneurysm of the LV? A. Blood flow within a pseudoaneurysm will always demonstrate a mosaic color pattern of turbulence while the true aneurysm causes a yin-yang swirled appearance on color Doppler B. A true aneurysm must be treated surgically while the pseudoaneurysm can be treated with a series of external chest compressions C. A true aneurysm of the LV involves a weakening of all three cardiac wall layers, where a pseudoaneurysm is a weakening and rupture of the inner two cardiac wall layers and the blood is only contained by the outer layer of the cardiac wall D. A true aneurysm of the LV involves a weakening of the myocardial layer. A pseudoaneurysm is a rupture of the endocardium and myocardium and the blood is contained by the pericardium - ANS D Which of the following methods can be used to assess the isovolumic relaxation time? A. CW Doppler cursor placed between the aortic and mitral valves to obtain tracing B. Tissue Doppler tracing of the mitral annulus C. Planimetry measurement of the LVOT and mitral valve annulus, then divide the numbers D. PW Doppler sample placed an LVOT with >5mm sample gate used to record tracing - ANS A,B,D
Which of the following describes a technique used to differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy? A. Use tissue Doppler to assess the mitral annulus B. Measure the deceleration time of the mitral valve C. Evaluate the respiratory collapse of the IVC D. Ask the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver while using Doppler to evaluate aortic outflow - ANS A Which of the following structures is normally not well visualized on the parasternal long axis view? Choose all that apply A. Sinotubular Junction B. Left ventricular Apex C. Coronary sinus D. Posterior mitral valve leaflet - ANS B The equation 4(VxV)+right atrial pressure=? Is used to calculate the systolic pressure in the _______? A. Left ventricular outflow tract B. Right ventricle C. Pulmonary veins D. Left ventricle - ANS B Color Doppler displays: A. Peak flow velocity only B. Flow direction only C. Peak flow velocity and flow direction D. Mean velocity and flow direction - ANS D
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic systemic HTN identified on Doppler evaluation? A. E/A ratio >1. B. E to A reversal C. Left ventricular hypertrophy D. Tricuspid Regurgitation - ANS B Which of the following is adjustable by the sonographer? A. Intensity B. Wavelength C. Period D. Propagation Speed - ANS A Which of the following can be used estimate pulmonary artery pressure? Choose all that apply A. Pulmonary artery acceleration time B. Peak Tricuspid Regurgitation velocity C. End diastolic velocity of pulmonary insufficiency D. End systolic velocity of pulmonary insufficiency - ANS A,B,C Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation would demonstrate a _______ on CW Doppler. A. Parabolic, rounded waveform B. Thin, echogenic vertical line at the end of systole C. Faint, rounded waveform D. Dense, triangular shaped waveform - ANS D
What type of cardiac tumor is most commonly associated with systemic embolic events? A. Myxoma B. Papillary fibroelastomas C. Hypernephroma D. Fibroma - ANS A Which of the following cardiac abnormalities requires the use of the continuity equation for proper calculation of aortic valve area? A. Subaortic membranous stenosis B. Supravalvular aortic stenosis C. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy D. Decreased LV function - ANS D Which method of mitral regurgitation assessment is most accurate for evaluating a mechanical MVR in the apical 4 chamber view? A. PISA radius B. Regurgitant jet area C. Vena contracta D. Peak pressure gradient by CW Doppler - ANS A Which of the following cardiac exam techniques provide the best spatial resolution of the cardiac structures? A. Cardiac Catheterization B. Transesophageal echo C. Resting echo with contrast D. Stress echo - ANS B.
Which type of VSD is located near the pulmonary valve in the right ventricular outflow tract? A. Muscular B. Outlet C. Membranous D. Inlet - ANS B When evaluating an adult with suspected congenital heart disease, how do you identify the left ventricle? A. Locate the atrium attached to the left ventricle B. Find the chamber attached to the Mitral Valve C. Find the chamber attached to the tricuspid valve D. Locate the left atrial appendage - ANS B Which of the following list the branches in the correct order that they originate from the aortic arch? A. Right subclavian, left carotid, left subclavian B. Right innominate, left carotid, left innominate C. Right subclavian, right carotid, left innominate D. Innominate, left carotid, left subclavian - ANS D Which of the following correctly describes how to manipulate the transducer from the parasternal long axis view of the left heart to visualize the right ventricular Inflow tract? A. 60° clockwise rotation B. 60° counterclockwise rotation C. Angle lateral a slight rotation D. Tilt inferior toward the right hip - ANS D
The standard Simpson method calculates the EF% by tracing the ESV & EDV of the LV during what two views? Choose all answers that apply. A. Apical 5 chamber B. Apical 2 chamber C. Apical 4 chamber D. Apical 3 chamber - ANS B,C The normal range for cardiac stroke volume is: A. 70-100 liters/min B. 50-60 cc C. 70-100cc D. 4-8 liters/min - ANS C The thickness of the interventricular septum will be best visualized when: A. The dynamic range is increased B. The US beam is perpendicular to the long axis of the septum C. Harmonics is turned off D. The US beam is parallel to the long axis of the septum - ANS B Which of the following are types of software used to improve image quality on a B-mode, low MI contrast echo? A. Pulse inversion and contrast pulse sequencing B. Compression and rejection C. Coded excitation and volume rendering D. Schleiren method and Prolate method - ANS A
Which of the following transducers can be used to safely scan the patient? A. Rubber coating on the face of the probe separating from housing B. Pin hole in the rubber coating on the face of the probe C. Betadine infiltration of the matching layer D. Bent connector pins at the transducer port - ANS C A high pitch diastolic blowing murmur is most likely associated with: A. Subaortic stenosis B. Significant pulmonary venous stenosis C. Mild mitral stenosis D. Mild to moderate aortic insufficiency - ANS D As a pulse travels through a medium, the amplitude of the pulse__________. A. Does not change until the pulse reaches the far field B. Increases C.Decreases D. Does not change - ANS C Which of the following will cause an increase in preload? A. Infundibular stenosis B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Aortic coarctation D. Pulmonary HTN - ANS B
A new atrial septal defect is a complication most commonly seen with what procedure? A. Septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Balloon mitral valvotomy C. Coronary artery stent placement D. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation - ANS B Biatrial enlargement is a normal finding in a patient that has had a: A. Mitral commissurotomy B. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement C. Coronary bypass surgery D. Cardiac transplant - ANS D Which type of image resolution improves with proper placement of the focal zone at the area of interest? A. Elevational B. Temporal C. Contrast D. Lateral - ANS D How many segments is the left ventricle divided into when assessing wall motion at the basal level? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8 - ANS C
