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CCMA Certification study guide
Chief complaint CC - correct answer The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - correct answer Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - correct answer Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - correct answer 97.6F - 99.6F intermittent fever - correct answer Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - correct answer fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - correct answer A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - correct answer Normal pulse rate Respirations - correct answer Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - correct answer contraction of the heart Diastole - correct answer relaxation of the heart
Anthropometric measurements - correct answer Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection - correct answer General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech. palpation - correct answer to examine by touch Percussion - correct answer physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - correct answer the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - correct answer a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - correct answer an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - correct answer This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - correct answer Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________. First aid for Shock - correct answer maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to
Intradermal Injection - correct answer ID; 15 degrees no aspiration; used for TB test, allergy test, and local anesthetic Intramuscular Injection - correct answer IM; 90 degress with aspiration Subcutaneous Injection - correct answer SQ; 45 degress pericardium - correct answer protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between Right atrium - correct answer The upper right chamber of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava and then sent to the right ventricle. Right ventricle - correct answer the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk Left atrium - correct answer the left upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins. Left ventricle - correct answer the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta Aorta - correct answer The largest artery of the body Pulmonary arteries - correct answer The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood. pulmonary veins - correct answer the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
atrioventricular valves - correct answer Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral tricuspid valve - correct answer between right atrium and right ventricle mitral valve - correct answer between left atrium and left ventricle. Pulmonary valve - correct answer between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic Valve - correct answer Between left ventricle and aorta depolarization - correct answer sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge repolarization - correct answer when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial relaxation. SA NODE - correct answer the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below superior vena cava AV node - correct answer Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/10 second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. Lead I - correct answer Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA) Lead II - correct answer Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA) Lead III - correct answer Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA) aVR - correct answer The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
1 second or 1000 m seconds - correct answer 5 large squares on eKG grid is equal to how much time? 25mm per second - correct answer The running speed of an EKG is? Horizontal axis - correct answer What represents time on an EKG? Vertical axis - correct answer What represents amplitude on an EKG? P Wave - correct answer Deflection produced by Atrial depolarization. Normal range does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.55mm in height. T wave - correct answer Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization QRS complex - correct answer Ventricular depolarization Somatic tremors - correct answer Patients tremors or shaking the wires can produce jittery patterns on the EKG tracing. Wandering baseline - correct answer sweat or lotion on the patients skin or tension on the electrode wires can interfere with the signal going to the EKG apparatus causing the baseline of the tracing to move up and down on the EKG paper. 60-cycle interference - correct answer can produce deflections occurring at rapid rate that may mimic atrial flutter. this is caused by electrical appliances or apparatus being used nearby while the tracing is taken. broken recording - correct answer the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal. tis can be caused by loose electrode or cables, or by frayed or broken wires arrhythmia - correct answer abnormal heart rhythms
Ischemia - correct answer decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel can cause chest pain or angina Myocardial infarction - correct answer Death of myocardial cells PR segment - correct answer .16 mm/s; line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex ST segment - correct answer From J point to the onset of the T wave; if elevated above base line could indicate myocardial infarction (STEMI) Beta Blockers - correct answer Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, effectively treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Contraindicated for cardiac stress test. 5-6 liters - correct answer The average adult has __ - ___ _______ of blood. 55% - correct answer How much of our blood is plasma? 45% - correct answer How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets 99% - correct answer ____ Of formed elements are Red Blood cells Erythrocytes - correct answer Oxygen carrying protein RBC's 120 days - correct answer What is the normal lifespan of an RBC? 4.2-6.2 Million - correct answer How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood? Thrombocytes - correct answer Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation.
guage, needle - correct answer The smaller the needle ________ is the larger the diameter of the _______ is. needle adapters - correct answer Also known as hubs or needle holders; one end has a small opening that connects the needle, and the other end has a wide opening to hold the collection tube. Winged infusion sets - correct answer They are used for venipuncture on small veins such as those in the hand. The are also used for venipuncture in the elderly and pediatric patients. median cubital vein - correct answer The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted. Cephalic vein - correct answer The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients. Basilic Vein - correct answer The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured. 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site - correct answer Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing venipuncture?
- Blood cultures,
- light blue top tubes
- Serum (red or gray tubes)
- green top tubes
- lavender top tubes
- Gray top tubes. - correct answer What is the correct order of Draw?
Fasting specimens - correct answer Glucose Tolerance Test; Patient must have fasted and refrained from strenuous exercise for 12 hours prior tot he drawing. 2 hour postprandial - correct answer This test is used to evaluate diabetes melitus. Fasting glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal of ingesting a measured amount of glucose. Blood cultures - correct answer 8-10 mL; Are measured to detect the presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood. Tests for septicemia. PKU - correct answer To test for mental retardation or brain damage. Cold Agglutinins - correct answer Red topper tubes, and must be kept warm. Chilled specimens - correct answer Arterial blood gases ammonia lactic acid pyruvate, acth gastrin parathyroid Light sensitive specimens - correct answer Bilirubin beta-carotene Vitamins A&B porphyrins Infant dermal puncture - correct answer Use the lateral aspect of the heel (dorsal pedis lateralis), do not exceed more than 2.0mm.
Blood type O+ - correct answer Universal Donor ABGs - correct answer analysis of aterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases; transport on ice Anuria - correct answer The absence of urine Hematuria - correct answer The presence of blood in the urine Polyuria - correct answer The passage of large volumes of urine First morning urine sample - correct answer The type of specimen that is most commonly used for routine analysis and HCG (pregnancy) test Mid-stream Specimen - correct answer A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of urination. Clean-catch specimen - correct answer A C&S specimen that requires special cleaning of the external genitalia prior to collection. anuria - correct answer Little to no urine output. Hemoccult fecal occult test - correct answer Detect imperceptible blood in stool. The first and last portion of the stool after a bowel movement. Invasion of privacy - correct answer This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission. C&S stool specimen - correct answer specimen needs to be protected from contamination; instruct patients to avoid urinating while collecting the specimen nocturia - correct answer urination at night
Appendix A - correct answer Section where special coding instructions are found peak flow meter - correct answer A take home device used to test respiratory function transdermal patches - correct answer A method of administering topical medication slowly and cosistently Hematemesis - correct answer vomit blood sigmoidoscope - correct answer An instrument used to view the sigmoid portion of the large intestine that is inserted rectally Apical pulse - correct answer A method of determining heart rate by placing the stethoscope over the apex of the heart; commonly used for infants Hypoglycemic emergency - correct answer A serious condition in which a patient's blood sugar drops critically low; giving the patient orange juice is a common method used to restore appropriate blood sugar level POL testing - correct answer Physician office lab testing that is usually CLIA waved and can be performed by a medical assistant VDRL and TB - correct answer Communicable diseases in which the infected patient 's information can be released to an outside source Hemothorax - correct answer Blood in the chest cavitiy Nephrolithiasis - correct answer kidney stones sterilization - correct answer free of all microorganisms
