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Question 1. Which HTML5 element is most appropriate for encapsulating a site's primary navigation links? A) B) C) D) Answer: B Explanation: The element semantically represents a block of navigation links, improving accessibility and SEO. Question 2. In CSS Grid, what does the property grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); do? A) Creates three columns each 1 pixel wide B) Creates three columns each taking an equal fraction of the remaining space C) Creates three rows of equal height D) Repeats the same column definition three times in the HTML markup Answer: B Explanation: repeat(3, 1fr) generates three columns, each sharing an equal portion of the free space. Question 3. Which ES6 feature allows you to extract values from an object into distinct variables? A) Array.prototype.map() B) Destructuring assignment C) Object.assign()
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D) Spread operator Answer: B Explanation: Destructuring lets you pull out properties from an object into separate variables with concise syntax. Question 4. In React, which lifecycle method is invoked immediately after a component is inserted into the DOM? A) componentWillMount B) componentDidMount C) render D) getDerivedStateFromProps Answer: B Explanation: componentDidMount runs after the first render when the component is mounted, ideal for side-effects like data fetching. Question 5. Which state-management library pairs naturally with React for a predictable global store? A) Vuex B) NgRx C) Redux D) MobX Answer: C Explanation: Redux is designed for JavaScript apps and integrates well with React via the react-redux bindings.
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D) Imports a SASS file. Answer: A Explanation: @extend allows one selector to inherit the styles of another, reducing duplication. Question 9. Which of the following is NOT a core feature of Webpack? A) Module bundling B) Code splitting C) Automatic CSS pre-processing without loaders D) Asset hashing for cache busting Answer: C Explanation: Webpack requires loaders (e.g., css-loader) to process CSS; it does not handle CSS automatically. Question 10. Which command installs a package globally using npm? A) npm install packageName B) npm install -g packageName C) npm add packageName --global D) npm get packageName –global Answer: B Explanation: The -g flag installs the package globally, making its binaries available system-wide.
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Question 11. In Node.js, which module provides utilities for working with file paths? A) fs B) http C) path D) url Answer: C Explanation: The path module offers methods for handling and transforming file system paths. Question 12. Which HTTP status code indicates that the request was successful and a new resource was created? A) 200 OK B) 201 Created C) 202 Accepted D) 204 No Content Answer: B Explanation: 201 means the request succeeded and resulted in a new resource being created on the server. Question 13. In RESTful API design, which method should be used to partially update a resource? A) GET B) POST C) PUT
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Question 16. Which OAuth 2.0 grant type is most suitable for server-side web applications? A) Implicit B) Resource Owner Password Credentials C) Client Credentials D) Authorization Code Answer: D Explanation: The Authorization Code flow involves exchanging a code for a token, ideal for confidential servers. Question 17. In asynchronous JavaScript, what does the await keyword do? A) Creates a new Promise. B) Pauses the function execution until the Promise resolves. C) Converts a callback into a Promise. D) Runs multiple Promises in parallel. Answer: B Explanation: await halts execution of an async function until the awaited Promise settles, simplifying async code. Question 18. Which message broker is designed for high-throughput, distributed streaming? A) RabbitMQ B) ActiveMQ
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C) Kafka D) ZeroMQ Answer: C Explanation: Apache Kafka provides a distributed commit log, enabling high-volume, fault-tolerant streaming. Question 19. In relational database design, which normal form eliminates transitive dependencies? A) 1NF B) 2NF C) 3NF D) BCNF Answer: C Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) removes attributes that depend on non-key attributes, i.e., transitive dependencies. Question 20. Which SQL clause is used to retrieve only unique rows from a result set? A) DISTINCT B) UNIQUE C) GROUP BY D) HAVING Answer: A Explanation: DISTINCT filters duplicate rows, returning a set of unique records.
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C) Availability during network partitions D) Data durability Answer: C Explanation: Choosing consistency means the system may reject requests (unavailable) during a partition to keep data consistent. Question 24. Which ORM for Node.js provides type-safe query building and supports multiple SQL dialects? A) Sequelize B) Mongoose C) Prisma D) TypeORM Answer: C Explanation: Prisma generates a type-safe client API and works with PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and more. Question 25. ACID properties ensure reliable transaction processing. Which letter stands for “Isolation”? A) Atomicity B) Consistency C) Isolation D) Durability Answer: C
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Explanation: Isolation guarantees that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other’s intermediate states. Question 26. In Git, which command re-applies commits from one branch onto another, creating a linear history? A) git merge B) git rebase C) git cherry-pick D) git pull --rebase Answer: B Explanation: git rebase transplants commits onto a new base, avoiding merge commits and keeping history linear. Question 27. Which AWS service provides a fully managed container orchestration platform? A) Elastic Beanstalk B) ECS (Elastic Container Service) C) Lambda D) S Answer: B Explanation: Amazon ECS runs Docker containers at scale and integrates with other AWS services. Question 28. What is a key difference between serverless functions (e.g., AWS Lambda) and containerized microservices?
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Answer: B Explanation: A Service abstracts a group of Pods and offers a consistent DNS name and load-balancing. Question 31. Which GitHub Actions keyword specifies that a job should run only after another job succeeds? A) needs: B) depends_on: C) after: D) run_if: Answer: A Explanation: The needs keyword creates a job dependency, ensuring the current job starts only after the listed jobs finish successfully. Question 32. Which OWASP Top 10 vulnerability involves injecting malicious scripts into webpages viewed by other users? A) SQL Injection B) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) C) Broken Authentication D) Insecure Deserialization Answer: B Explanation: XSS allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim’s browser.
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Question 33. What does CORS stand for, and what problem does it solve? A) Cross-Origin Resource Sharing; it allows browsers to make cross-domain requests securely. B) Common Object Retrieval System; it caches API responses. C) Content-Only Rendering Service; it speeds up page loads. D) Cookie-Only Request Scheme; it restricts cookie usage. Answer: A Explanation: CORS is a browser security feature that controls which origins can access resources via HTTP headers. Question 34. Which JavaScript testing framework is commonly used for unit testing React components? A) Mocha B) Jest C) Chai D) QUnit Answer: B Explanation: Jest, often paired with React Testing Library, provides a zero-configuration environment for React unit tests. Question 35. In integration testing, what is the primary focus? A) Testing individual functions in isolation. B) Verifying that multiple modules or services work together correctly. C) Measuring performance under load.
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Question 38. Which metric does Lighthouse use to evaluate the perceived speed of a page? A) First Contentful Paint (FCP) B) Time to First Byte (TTFB) C) Server Response Time D) Cache Hit Ratio Answer: A Explanation: FCP measures when the first text or image is painted, reflecting how quickly users see content. Question 39. In a REST API, which HTTP header is commonly used to indicate the version of the API being called? A) Accept-Version B) X-API-Version C) Content-Type D) User-Agent Answer: B Explanation: Custom headers like X-API-Version are often used to convey the desired API version. Question 40. Which of the following is a valid way to declare a constant in ES6? A) var PI = 3.14; B) let PI = 3.14;
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C) const PI = 3.14; D) constant PI = 3.14; Answer: C Explanation: const creates a block-scoped read-only binding. Question 41. Which CSS property allows an element to span across multiple grid rows? A) grid-column: span 2; B) grid-row: span 2; C) grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 3; D) grid-template: repeat(2, 1fr); Answer: B Explanation: grid-row: span 2; tells the grid item to occupy two consecutive rows. Question 42. In Flexbox, what does justify-content: space-between; do? A) Aligns items at the start of the main axis. B) Distributes items evenly with equal space around them. C) Places the first item at the start and the last at the end, spacing others evenly. D) Stacks items vertically. Answer: C Explanation: space-between creates equal gaps between items, with no extra space at the ends.
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Answer: C Explanation: @Injectable registers the class with Angular’s dependency injection system. Question 46. What is the purpose of the async keyword when defining a function in JavaScript? A) It makes the function run on a separate thread. B) It automatically returns a Promise and allows use of await inside. C) It converts callbacks to Promises. D) It disables error handling. Answer: B Explanation: An async function always returns a Promise and enables the await syntax within its body. Question 47. Which of the following statements about the HTTP HEAD method is true? A) It returns the same body as GET. B) It retrieves only the response headers without a body. C) It is used to submit form data. D) It is identical to POST. Answer: B Explanation: HEAD asks for the headers that a GET would return, omitting the response body—useful for checking resource metadata.
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Question 48. In PostgreSQL, which data type is best suited for storing a JSON document with indexing capabilities? A) TEXT B) VARCHAR C) JSONB D) BYTEA Answer: C Explanation: JSONB stores binary JSON and supports GIN indexes for efficient querying. Question 49. Which of the following best describes a “materialized view” in a relational database? A) A virtual table that recalculates on each query. B) A stored procedure that returns a result set. C) A physical copy of a query result that is refreshed periodically. D) A temporary table that exists only during a session. Answer: C Explanation: Materialized views store query results on disk, improving read performance at the cost of refresh overhead. Question 50. In a microservices architecture, what is the primary benefit of using a message broker for inter-service communication? A) Tight coupling of services. B) Synchronous request/response only.
