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what is
deviance
deviance is behavior, beliefs, or characteristics that many people in a society find or would find offensive and which excite, upon discovery , disapproval, punishment, condemnation, or hostility. behavior, beliefs, or characteristics that are likely to generate a negative reaction in others. TERM 2
deviance refers to
DEFINITION 2 the process by which the actor's, the believers, and the possessors character is tainted stigmatized, and inferiorized TERM 3
The sociology of deviance looks
at
DEFINITION 3 informal and interpersonal reactions to behavior , beliefs, and traits, just as criminology looks at formal and legal reactions to crime, the latter being possible, arrest, conviction, and imprisonment. TERM 4
the study of deviance is
about
DEFINITION 4 making rules, breaking rules, and reactions to breaking rules TERM 5
deviance is a -------not a --------
DEFINITION 5 deviance is process not specific forms of behaviors
four necessary ingredients for deviance to
take place
- a rule or norm must exist 2. someone must violate that norm 3. an "audiance" must be present, someone who judges the normative violation to be wrong 4. there must be a measurable likelihood of a negative reaction by that audience-criticism, condemnation, censure, stigma disapproval TERM 7
non pejorative
DEFINITION 7 descriptive terms that apply to what others think and how they are likely to react TERM 8
deviance is an------ category
DEFINITION 8 analytic TERM 9
vertical or hierarchical side
DEFINITION 9 the side that says people with more power ( or the majority of a society) get to say what is deviant TERM 10
horizontal grassroots or mosaic side
DEFINITION 10 the side says deviance can be anything and that any collectivity says it is, no matter hwo little power they have
Behavior
is made up of any overt action that is likely to attract condemnation, hostility, or punishment TERM 17
Conditions
DEFINITION 17 includes physical characteristics or traits that likewise, make someone a target of an audience's disapproval, avoidance, derision, or other types of negative social reactions TERM 18
Cognitive
deviance
DEFINITION 18 holding unconventional unorthodox, unpopular- or deviant- beliefs religious political or scientific views TERM 19
relativity says
DEFINITION 19 judgments of what is good and bad vary, and these judgments play a role in actors' and audiences' lives, depending on where they are located what we consider evil may be considered good to others our personal view of things may be irrelevant to how beliefs are actually put into practice and what their reception is in a given context TERM 20
essentialism
DEFINITION 20 sees deviance as a specific concrete phenomenon in the material world, like oxygen, gravity , or a snapping turtle. Does not have to be defined to be real
positivism
teh belief that we can answer a question scientifically, with empirical or observable data TERM 22
constructionism
DEFINITION 22 answers the question what is to be explained " by saying that it is thinking about and reacting to rule violators that is crucial. This approach argues that it is the rules, norms, the reactions to, and the cultural representations of certain behavior, beliefs or conditions that need to be looked at and illuminated TERM 23
fallacy of reification
DEFINITION 23 identyfing part with teh whole TERM 24
Social differentiation
DEFINITION 24 is a process by which elements in society become increasingly specialized, and human beings are sorted into different statuses. TERM 25
social differentiation causes
DEFINITION 25 a multiplicity of standards difficulties in social control
