Download chapter 2 | SOC 2404 - Deviant Behavior and more Quizzes Sociology of Deviance in PDF only on Docsity!
Positivism is based on three fundamental
assumptions
empiricism objectivism determinism TERM 2
empiricism
DEFINITION 2 teh belief that seeing, feeling, hearing, tasting, and smelling convey information that gives teh observer sense impressions of the way things are TERM 3
Nonempirical
DEFINITION 3 is something like art or the question does God exist. It is not a sceintific question TERM 4
indirect indicator
DEFINITION 4 when something that happened a long time ago and cant be empirically proven is assumed using other information TERM 5
objectivsim
DEFINITION 5 means that phenomena in teh material world are objectively real and possess certain objective or internally consistent characteristics that distinguish them from other phenomena
determinism
Determinism (specifically causal determinism) is the concept that events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state (of an object or event) is, to some large degree, determined by prior states. TERM 7
naturalistic
DEFINITION 7 the location of cause and effect can be found in the material world TERM 8
individualistic
DEFINITION 8 they focus on the characteristics of categories of individuals who violate norms or break laws TERM 9
rational choice
DEFINITION 9 i. Deviance is goal seeking behavior and is due to individual choise (free will?) ii. Deviance occurs when the benefits of deviance exceed its costs iii. Benefits may be material or experiential (emotional, hedonistic, etc.) iv. May partially explain some deviance ( crime, delinquency, drug use, sexual exploitation v. Is a poor explanation of mental disorder TERM 10
Routine activist theory
DEFINITION 10 a. Assumption i. Motivated offenders b. crime rates vary by i. exposure 1. to motivated offenders ii. target attractiveness iii. guardianship
Social control theory
attempts to answer why certain people do not deviate assumes taht in teh absence of control, people woudl deviate from norms TERM 17
1. Anomie Theory (Mertons Revision)
DEFINITION 17 a. Also called strain theory b. Robert K. Merton (American sociologist) i. Expanded and revised upon durkheims conceptualization of anomie c. Two important ideas in Mertons theory i. People have expectations for gratification ii. Societies provide opportunities to achieve d. Culturally approved goals i. Expectations for gratification come from our culture e. Institutionalized means i. The capacity of the society to provide opportunities to achieve success is par of social structure f. Institutionalized means i. Institutionalized means accept 1. Conformity 2. Ritualism ii. Institutionlized means reject 1. Innovation 2. Retreatism 3. Rebellion iii. Culturally approved goals accept 1. Conformity 2. Innovation iv. Cultturally approved goals reject 1. Ritualism 2. Retreatism 3. Rebellion TERM 18
Self control theory
DEFINITION 18 A General Theory of Crime 1. Crime (and therefore much deviance) is due to LOW SELF CONTROL. 2. Deviants seek immediate rewards quick gratification 3. The psychological trait linked to commit crimes is criminality.
