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Download Genetics and RNA Biology: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
gene is a sequence of _ (_), carries genetic
info which is to be expressed (_)
nucleotides (GENOTYPE) (PHENOTYPE)
TERM 2
any DNA sequene that is transcribed into an
RNA molecule
DEFINITION 2
molecular level "gene"
TERM 3
The human genome has _ to _ genes with an
average size of _ to _ bp.
DEFINITION 3
22,000 to 28,000 genes 1,000 to 15,000 bp
TERM 4
The transcription unit of a gene contains _
and _.
DEFINITION 4
exons and introns
TERM 5
coding regions of transcription unit (code for
phenotype)
DEFINITION 5
exons
intervening sequences that do not generally
code for phenotype
introns
TERM 7
The begining and ending sequences of introns
are highly __
DEFINITION 7
conserved
TERM 8
alignment of chromosomes bases upon size
and shape
DEFINITION 8
idiogram
TERM 9
technique developed aroung 1970 that
allowed greater visualization of
choromosomes
DEFINITION 9
chromatin staining
TERM 10
"DNA (genotype) is 1st transferred to RNA
and then to protien (phenotype)"
DEFINITION 10
central dogma francis crick
structural and functional components of the
ribosome
ribosomal RNA
TERM 17
site of protien assembly
DEFINITION 17
rRNA
TERM 18
ribosome function
DEFINITION 18
rRNA
TERM 19
carries the genetic code for
protiens
DEFINITION 19
mRNA (messenger)
TERM 20
helps incoporate amino acids into polypeptide
chain
DEFINITION 20
tRNA (transfer RNA)
hrRNA
heterogeneous RNA
TERM 22
processing of hrRNA
DEFINITION 22
snRNA (small nuclear RNA)
TERM 23
processing and assembly of rRNA
DEFINITION 23
small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TERM 24
regulates translation of mRNA
DEFINITION 24
microRNA (miRNA)
TERM 25
triggers degradation of other RNA molecules
DEFINITION 25
small interfering RNA (siRNA)
Transcription proceeds in a _
direction.
TERM 32
Transcription takes place in the _.
DEFINITION 32
nucleus
TERM 33
What stage(s) does transcription occur in?
DEFINITION 33
either G1 or G
TERM 34
Transcription is a _ process; only certain parts
of DNA are transcribed.
DEFINITION 34
selective
TERM 35
Within a gene, how many stands are normally
transcribed?
DEFINITION 35
one
A stretch of DNA that encodes an RNA
molecule and the sequences necessary for
transcription
trancription unit
TERM 37
What are the 3 areas found in a transcription
unit?
DEFINITION 37
1. a promotor region 2. RNA coding sequence 4. termination
region
TERM 38
DNA sequence that the transcription
apparatus recognizes and binds. Begins and
directs transcription.
DEFINITION 38
promotor region
TERM 39
Is the promotor region transcribed?
DEFINITION 39
NO
TERM 40
Is the promotor region upstream or down
stream?
DEFINITION 40
upstream
Transcription depends on a single enzyme
called...
RNA polymerase (RNA Pol)
TERM 47
RNA requires the help of...
DEFINITION 47
protiens
TERM 48
RNA is synthesized from...
DEFINITION 48
ribonucleoside triphosphates
TERM 49
Ribonucleoside triphosphate is made up of
what 2 units?
DEFINITION 49
a base a sugar 3 phosphate groups (2 are cleaved during
joining of new phosphodiester bond)
TERM 50
RNA Pol is a complex, multimeric enzyme
complex,which means?
DEFINITION 50
it is made up of several polypeptide chains
bacterial RNA pol subunit that catalyzes the
elongation of the RNA molecule by the
addition of RNA nucleotides
core enzyme
TERM 52
bacterial RNA pol subunit that controls the
binding of RNA Pol to the promotor
DEFINITION 52
sigma factor
TERM 53
Sigma factor is only required for _ and _.
DEFINITION 53
promotor binding and initation
TERM 54
Bacterial cells posses _ type(s) of RNA
polymerase. Eukaryotes posses _ type(s).
DEFINITION 54
1 4 (one is only found in plants)
TERM 55
Name the 4 types of RNA Pols in eukaryotes.
DEFINITION 55
1. RNA Pol I 2. RNA Pol II 3. RNA Pol III 4. RNA Pol IV
4 steps in transcription
1. recognition 2. initiation 3. elongation 4. termination
TERM 62
Initation- transcription apparatus assembles
on the _ and begins the synthesis of RNA
DEFINITION 62
promotor region
TERM 63
Elongation; DNA is threaded through _, which
unwinds the DNA adding new nucleotides one
at a time to the _ end of the growing RNA
strand.
DEFINITION 63
RNA Pol 3 end
TERM 64
Termination; the recognition of the end of the
_ and the seperation of the _ from the DNA
template.
DEFINITION 64
transcription unit RNA molecule
TERM 65
At what stage in transcription is selectivity
enfored?
DEFINITION 65
recognition recognition of what part of DNA is to be
transcribed
DNA sequences that are recognized by the
transcription appartaus and are required for
transcription to begin
promotor region
TERM 67
core promotor consensus sequence
DEFINITION 67
TATA boc
TERM 68
The flanking region of DNA _ transcription.
DEFINITION 68
regulates
TERM 69
The flanking region contains what? (3)
Upstream->downstream.
DEFINITION 69
enhancer region CCAAT box promotor region with TATA box
in the upstream end
TERM 70
The end of the transcription unit it rich in
what nucleotide(s)?
DEFINITION 70
G/C rich
CCAAT box is a site of DNA where binding _
attach and modulate the _ and _ of a gene
made
binding proteins rate and copies
TERM 77
Recognition step involves the _ and the _.
DEFINITION 77
TATA box and promotors
TERM 78
short stretches of common nucleotides
Example?
DEFINITION 78
consensus sequences -10 consensus sequence (TATA box)
TERM 79
TATA boxes are found in pro/eukaryotes.
DEFINITION 79
eukaryotes
TERM 80
TATA box is also called...
DEFINITION 80
pribnow box
RNA transcription is initaited
when...
RNA Pol binds to the promotor region (TATA box)
TERM 82
Does transcription require a primer to begin?
DEFINITION 82
NO
TERM 83
New RNA molecules are added to the _ end of
the growing RNA strand.
DEFINITION 83
3 end
TERM 84
The 5' end of the growing RNA strand has
what?
DEFINITION 84
3 phosphates (did not take part in a phosphodiester bond)
TERM 85
Recognition of transcription is the process
of...
DEFINITION 85
RNA Pol binding to TATA box
movement of RNA Pol
elongation
TERM 92
Transcription occurs in the ->
direction.
DEFINITION 92
5 to 3 (things are being added to the 3'end)
TERM 93
RNA molecules are _ and _ to the DNA
template strand.
DEFINITION 93
anitparallel and complementary
TERM 94
A gene contains _ that specify _ of a
protien.
DEFINITION 94
nucleotides amino acids
TERM 95
term used to describe the direct
correspondence between the nucleotide
sequence of DNA and the AA sequence of a
protein.
DEFINITION 95
colinear
Colinear applies to pro/eukaryotic nucleotides
and AAs.
prokaryotic eukaryotic is more complicated and contain
coding and noncoding regions
TERM 97
The average human gene has how many
introns?
DEFINITION 97
TERM 98
Both introns and exons are transcribed, after
after transcription _ are removed by _ and the
_ are joined together.
DEFINITION 98
introns RNA processing exons
TERM 99
Introns are common in _ genes and rare in _
genes.
DEFINITION 99
eukaryotic genes bacterial genes
TERM 100
Introns vary greatly in _ and _.
DEFINITION 100
size of intronand number
