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Download Discoveries in Genetics: From Heredity to the Structure of DNA and more Quizzes Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
genetics; branch of biology that deals with ___
and ____.
1. heredity 2. expression of inherited traits
TERM 2
*****4 important things genetic material must
posses
DEFINITION 2
1. Genetic material must contain complex information 2.
Genetic material must replicate faithfully. - high fidelity 3.
Genetic material must encode the phenotype 4. be mutable
TERM 3
genes produce
___
DEFINITION 3
proteins
TERM 4
DNA contains four nitrogenous bases....
DEFINITION 4
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
TERM 5
DNA unit
DEFINITION 5
nucleotide
Each nucleotide unit contains
sugar phosphate group nitrogenous base
TERM 7
What is Chargaff's
rule?
DEFINITION 7
the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of
thymine and the amount of cytosine is always equal to the
amount of guanine (A=T) (G=C) WILL EQUAL 100% TOTAL
TERM 8
What is the "biological revolution"?
DEFINITION 8
period of log change in our understanding (1960s)
TERM 9
% of (G+C) does/does not = % of
(A+T)
DEFINITION 9
DOES NOT
TERM 10
Griffith proposed __ by studying__.
DEFINITION 10
the transformation principle by studying various strands of
streptococcus pneumoniae
Who used RNAase, proteases, and DNase in
their experiment?
A,M, and M
TERM 17
What is the T
virus?
DEFINITION 17
a bacteriophage that infects the bacterium ecoli
TERM 18
Who used isotopes in their
experiment?
DEFINITION 18
Hershey and Chase
TERM 19
DNA contains __ but not ___. Protein contains
__ but not ___.
DEFINITION 19
DNA - phosphrous but not sulfur Protein- sulfur but not
phosphorus
TERM 20
Who discovered that DNA in the biomolecule
of heredity?
DEFINITION 20
Hershey and Chase
Who discovered the 3D structure of
DNA?
Watson and Crick
TERM 22
DEFINITION 22
watson and crick
TERM 23
DEFINITION 23
Chargaff
TERM 24
DEFINITION 24
griffith
TERM 25
DEFINITION 25
A,M,M
What was the main question to be answered
by the scientists?
What is the chemical nature of genetic information?
TERM 32
Property that states that the genetic makeup
of one organism could change another
organism
DEFINITION 32
transformation property
TERM 33
Who answered the question of what is genetic
material?
DEFINITION 33
Griffith A,M, and M
TERM 34
chromatin is made up of?
DEFINITION 34
DNA and proteins
TERM 35
Phage genome is __ and all other parts are __.
DEFINITION 35
DNA protein
Who discovered bacterial transformation?
Griffith
TERM 37
Who determined that the "transforming
principle" was DNA?
DEFINITION 37
A, M, and M
TERM 38
Who showed that no protein was transmitted
by bacteriophage, only DNA?
DEFINITION 38
Hershey and Chase
TERM 39
DNA is accepted as ____
DEFINITION 39
GENETIC MATERIAL
TERM 40
Who first discovered that DNA consisted of
nucleotides, sugar, and a phosphate?
DEFINITION 40
Leven and Chargaff
Why is DNA better suited to serve as the long
term repository of genetic material?
The additional oxygen atom is RNA makes it more reactive
and less chemically stable
TERM 47
2 types of nitrogenous bases in
DNA?
DEFINITION 47
purines and pyrimidines
TERM 48
Describe purine and give examples.
DEFINITION 48
consists of a six-sided ring attached to a five-sided ring
adenine and guanine
TERM 49
Describe pyrimidines and give examples.
DEFINITION 49
consists of only a six-sided ring cytosine thyamine (DNA)
uracil (RNA)
TERM 50
Describe in detail the basic structure of a
purine.
DEFINITION 50
4 nitrogens @ 1,3,7,9 4 double bonds @ 2,4,6,
What is the difference in adenine?
contains a nitrogen group at C
TERM 52
A purine is a _ membered ring
DEFINITION 52
9 membered
TERM 53
A pyrimidine is a _ membered ring
DEFINITION 53
6 membered
TERM 54
What is the difference in guanine?
DEFINITION 54
contains an oxygen group at C6 (double bond moved) and a
nitrogen group at C
TERM 55
Describe in detail the basic structure of a
pyrimidine.
DEFINITION 55
2 nitrogens at C1 and C3 3 double bonds at C1, C3, C
guanine is...
O6,N
TERM 62
thymine is...
DEFINITION 62
O24, M
TERM 63
adenine is...
DEFINITION 63
N
TERM 64
a sugar and a base together = ____ and how
are they connected?
DEFINITION 64
nucleoside the nitrogenous base always forms a COVALENT
bond with C1 atom of the sugar
TERM 65
phosphate group consists of... and carry a _
charge
DEFINITION 65
a phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms carry a
NEGATIVE charge
What makes DNA acidic?
the negative charge given off by the phosphate group
TERM 67
The phosphate group is always bonded to C_
atom of the ___.
DEFINITION 67
C5 of the SUGAR
TERM 68
Techinal name of nucleotides.
DEFINITION 68
DNA- deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate RNA-
ribonucleoside 5-monophosphate
TERM 69
Why could hershey and chase NOT have used
an isotope of carbon?
DEFINITION 69
Because DNA and protiens contain carbon.
TERM 70
What is lost when a sugar bonds with a
phosphate group? Where does it bond? Draw.
DEFINITION 70
a hydroxyl group negative oxygen of phosphate group
covalentlybonds with C5 of sugar
structual unit of heritable information
nucleotide
TERM 77
Parts of DNA are..
DEFINITION 77
1. deoxyribose sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous
bases - A - T - G - C
TERM 78
2 contributions of chargaff
DEFINITION 78
1. described the fundamental ratios of nitrogenous bases in
DNA 2. tested the tetranucleotide hypothesis
TERM 79
In dsDNA, the sum of ___ = the sum of ____.
DEFINITION 79
purines=pyrimdines
TERM 80
% of ___ does not equal % of ___
DEFINITION 80
(G+C)does NOT = (A+T)
G/C content increase the thermo stability
because?
Because G/C has 3 hydrogen bonds vs. A/T which has 2
hydrogen bonds
TERM 82
grad student at Cambridge working on his
PHD dissertation on xray differaction of
polypeptides and proteins
DEFINITION 82
Francis Crick
TERM 83
Twenty three year old post doc at Cambridge
DEFINITION 83
James Watson
TERM 84
Working at King's college, using xray
diffraction to obtain pictures of the DNA
molecule
DEFINITION 84
Rosalind Franklin
TERM 85
Showed Franklin's pictures of DNA structure
to Watson
DEFINITION 85
Maurice Wilkins
A-DNA is _ and _ than B-DNA and exists is _
water is present.
shorter and wider less water
TERM 92
Z-DNA forms a _ handed helix and is present
in _ _ solutions.
DEFINITION 92
left handed high salt solution
TERM 93
base pairs are _ structures, _ to the central
axis and stacked upon one another _ nm
apart.
DEFINITION 93
flat perpendicular 0.34nm
TERM 94
Process of DNA transferring its information to
an RNA molecule
DEFINITION 94
transcription
TERM 95
Process of RNA transferring information to a
protien by specifying its amino acid sequence
DEFINITION 95
translation
DNA to DNA
replication
TERM 97
Successful genetic material is
must...
DEFINITION 97
1. be able to replicate 2. transfer information to progeny 3.
be able to store information 4. molecular basis of mutation
TERM 98
Watson and Crick model of DNA is the _ form;
most common.
DEFINITION 98
B-DNA
TERM 99
complimentary
DEFINITION 99
A/T C/G
TERM 100
antiparallel
DEFINITION 100
