Cognitive Biases and Experimental Research: A Glossary, Quizzes of Psychology

Definitions for various cognitive biases, including representativeness heuristic, base rate, availability heuristic, hindsight bias, overconfidence, naturalistic observation, validity, internal validity, case study, existence proofs, response sets, random assignment, experimental group, and control group.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 03/02/2011

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TERM 1
representativeness heuristic
DEFINITION 1
We judge the probability of an event by its superficial
similarity to a prototype. (judging a book by its cover)
TERM 2
base
rate
DEFINITION 2
How common a behavior or characteristic is.
TERM 3
availability heuristic
DEFINITION 3
estimate the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease
with which it comes to our minds -- how "available" it is in
our memories.
TERM 4
cognitive biases
DEFINITION 4
systematic errors in thinking.
TERM 5
hindsight bias
DEFINITION 5
known as the "i knew it all along effect"
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representativeness heuristic

We judge the probability of an event by its superficial

similarity to a prototype. (judging a book by its cover)

TERM 2

base

rate

DEFINITION 2

How common a behavior or characteristic is.

TERM 3

availability heuristic

DEFINITION 3

estimate the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease

with which it comes to our minds -- how "available" it is in

our memories.

TERM 4

cognitive biases

DEFINITION 4

systematic errors in thinking.

TERM 5

hindsight bias

DEFINITION 5

known as the "i knew it all along effect"

overconfidence

tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct

predictions.

TERM 7

naturalistic observation

DEFINITION 7

watching behavior in rea-world settings without trying to

manipulate people's behavior.

TERM 8

validity

DEFINITION 8

extent to which we can generalize our findings to real-world

settings.

TERM 9

internal

validity

DEFINITION 9

extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences.

TERM 10

case study

DEFINITION 10

researchers examine one person or small number of people,

often over an extended period of time.