Acids, Bases, and Salts: Understanding Their Properties and Interactions, Exercises of Chemistry

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Chapter 23: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Unit 6: Interactions of Matter

Table of Contents 23.3: Salts 23.1: Acids and Bases 23.2: Strengths of Acids and Bases

• An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution. It is the ability to produce these ions that gives acids their characteristic properties.
• When an acid dissolves in water, H
  • ions interact with water molecules to form H 3

O

ions, which are called hydronium ions (hi DROH nee um  I ahnz).

Properties of Acids

• Acids have several common properties.
• All acids taste sour.

Properties of Acids

• Taste never should be used to test for the presence of acids.
• Acids are corrosive.

• At least four acids (sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, and hydrochloric) play vital roles in industrial applications.

Common Acids

• This lists the names and formulas of a few acids, their uses, and some properties.

• You don’t consume many bases.

Bases

• Some foods, such as egg whites, are slightly basic.
• Medicines, such as milk of magnesia and antacids, are basic, too.

Bases

• Any substance that forms hydroxide ions, OH  , in a water solution is a base.
• In addition, a base is any substance that accepts H + from acids.

• One way to think about bases is as the complements, or opposites, of acids.

Properties of Bases

• In the pure, undissolved state, many bases are crystalline solids.
• In solution, bases feel slippery and have a bitter taste. Click box to play movie

• You probably are familiar with many common bases because they are found in cleaning products used in the home.

Common Bases

• This table includes uses and some information about bases.

• Some drain cleaners contain NaOH, which dissolves grease, and small pieces of aluminum.

Common Bases

• The aluminum reacts with NaOH, producing hydrogen and dislodging solids, such as hair.

• Therefore, an acid can more accurately be described as a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water.

Dissociation of Acids

Dissociation of Acids

• When hydrogen chloride dissolves in water, a hydronium ion and a chloride ion are produced.

• The base dissociates into a positive ion and a negative iona hydroxide ion (OH  ).

Dissociation of Bases

Dissociation of Bases

• Unlike acid dissociation, water molecules do not combine with the ions formed from the base.