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Worksheet: Acids, Bases, and Salts Name_J_<L)_
What are Acids. Bases. and Salts?
The Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius introduced the theory of ionization and
used this theory to explain much about the behavior of acids and bases.
- An Arrhenius acid is defined as an compound that dissociates
in aqueous solution to form 1-l ro -e ions.
HN0 3 (aq) ➔ H. (aq) + N03- (aq)
HCI (aq) ➔ H + l°'-i\ +- t L- ( °' 1,.-)
- An Arrhenius base is defined as a y comp und that dissociates
in aqueous solution to form ro^ ì^ e.ions.
KOH (aq) ➔ K• (aq) + OH- (aq)
NaOH (aq) ➔ N CJ+ f OdÌ,_ + Q H - l °'-q,._ \
♦ Salts are compounds that dissociate in a
ueous solution releasing neither
8� d
-R V, ions nor hycJ ro ')l ìo\Rws.
KCI (aq) ➔ K• (aq) +^ ci- (aq)
NaCl(aq) ➔ J\l0t-.
/C<._Q \ t C.,L-L°'l-'\
V-
Using the Arrhenius definition, c/assifiy the fo/lowing examples as acids, bases, or
salts:
HBr A
Mg(OH)
:i
HCI �
KN
Hf
{\
Ba(OH)^
Ez
t-�,- KCI
���l�: nB^ -^
H3P
HCIO
l<._-1- (^) �D�- Al(OHh
--1-- (^) ro y^
o._ t J Df\ - NaCI
o
1-\�
s
A
A
J-l_
C,l -
-s
,-I- 1-t-- K--t- (^) p Q y
dt- t11J
Acids and bases can a/so be identified using an operational definition. Operational
definitions are simply a /ist of properties.
ACIDS:
- A $ov...r taste is a characteristic property of all acids in aqueous
solution.
\
♦ Acids react with some metals to produce ,._,
. J
,
_:μ.
'-'.!...:,.i_;.,_�,.J/1.L gas. l VI'\ e t-lic $
♦ Because aqueous acid solutions conduct electricity, t are identified as
e..\e ç;__;-ro .\Jte.s
,
with
b 9
ses to produce a ,&; OI.. \ T and water.
• Acids turn I I{\°' 1 C: o.::o 6éf,ferent colors.
BASES:
• Bases tend to taste 'a-, T\ '{.11 and feel �t � �� ry
L�
acids, aqueous basic solutions conduct e\ :e -J.-/irid are identified as
� e'?. t+ ro \y_+ ts.
I
♦ Bases react
_
with ci\
��I cl S to produce a salt and lAJ oJ-f C
♦ Bases turn I '{_ I � o__f(ijiff'fyent colors.
Naminq Acids. Bases. and Salts
Since bases and salts are ·:CON \ C compounds, they are named in the us �
al way: i
KN0 3 'p-c,,ss·,v..tM.. \l);-.ro__--�NH.oH IJiM(Y,ti\l\ V-.VV. r- �
d..vO',( Ì
KNoX""'-s ,-..,.,_^ ,r,-,^ ;-\ul(OHh^ I, �""'""'^ IÀ
:1 J:�,
► Binary acids cons,st of (^) J----. elements, the first being r _tV_
Binary acids are named using the format:
hydro{root word of second element)ic acid
► Ternary acids consist of .,_3 elements. Do NOT use a prefix. Simply
change the ending of the polyatomic ion's nome and add the word "acid":
-ate becomes I C' and -ite becomes O t}..
Nome the following acids:
H3P03 '? �C) <;,� (:)\0 \J.S o.__ç ì JHC2H
H2CO3 L.R, V7DV\ t (\LÌ d HCI
HF .l. �
�vot\J-..orì e;__ o.s..:\d.__H2s
�(&, .\ rl,o\ov'OVV..', e_ (}.1:_',J.ç
