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Individual differences
the way in which factors such as skills, abilities, perceptions, attitudes, values and ethic differ from one individual to another. TERM 2
The essence of the challenge of management:
DEFINITION 2 Individual difference, no two person is the same. TERM 3
Interactional psychology
DEFINITION 3 the psychological approach that says that to understand human behaviors, we must know something about the person and situation TERM 4
Formula of interactional psychology
DEFINITION 4 Behavior is the function of person and environmentB = f(P,E) TERM 5
Four basic propositions of interactional
psychology
DEFINITION 5 Behavior is a function of a continuous, multidirectional interaction between the person and the situation The person is active in this process and both changes and is changed by situations Person vary in many characteristics, including cognitive, affective, motivational, and ability factors Two interpretations of situations are important: The objective situation and the person's subjective view of the situation.
GMA
general mental ability TERM 7
General Mental Ability
DEFINITION 7 an individual innate cognitive intellegence TERM 8
Personality
DEFINITION 8 A relative stable set of characteristics that influence an individual's behavior TERM 9
Determinant of Personality
DEFINITION 9 Heredity (Genes) Environment Heredity and Environment TERM 10
Trait Theory
DEFINITION 10 The personality theory that states that to understand individuals, we must dissect behavior patterns into a series of observable traits.
Emotional stability
calm, self-confident, and cool TERM 17
Openness to experience
DEFINITION 17 Creative, curious and cultured TERM 18
Integrative approach
DEFINITION 18 The broad theory that describes personality as a composite of an individual's psychological processes. TERM 19
3 characteristics mentioned in text that
influences an individual behavior in
organization
DEFINITION 19 Core Self Evaluation (CSE)** Self-monitoring** Positive/ negative effect** Locus of control General Self-efficacy Self-esteem Proactive Personality TERM 20
Core Self Evaluation
DEFINITION 20 is a broad set of personality traits that refers to self- concept.predicts goal-directed behavior and performance
Locus of control
an individual's generalized belief about internal control (self control) versus external control (control by situation or others) TERM 22
General Self-efficacy
DEFINITION 22 an individuals general belief that he or she is capable of meeting job demands in many situations TERM 23
Self-esteem
DEFINITION 23 An individual's general feeling of self-worth. TERM 24
Self-monitoring
DEFINITION 24 The extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations TERM 25
Positive Effect
DEFINITION 25 An individual's tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of himself or herself, other people and the world in general
Questionnaires
A common personality assessment that involves an individual's responses to a series of questions TERM 32
Projective test
DEFINITION 32 a personality test that elicits an individual response to abstract stimuli (pictures, abstract image or photos) TERM 33
Behavioral Measures
DEFINITION 33 Personality assessments that involve obeserving an individual's behavior in a controlled situation. TERM 34
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
DEFINITION 34 A measurement tool that indicates an individual's personality TERM 35
Problems with Behavioral Measures
DEFINITION 35 the observer's ability to stay focused variation in observer interpretation and related biases the effect of observation on those being observed
8 Indicators in MBTI
Extraversion Introversion Sensing Intuition Thinking Feeling Judging Perceiving TERM 37
Extraversion
DEFINITION 37 A preference indicating an individual is energized by interaction with other people TERM 38
Introversion
DEFINITION 38 A preference indicating an individual is energized by time alone TERM 39
Sensing
DEFINITION 39 Gathering information through the five senses TERM 40
Intuition
DEFINITION 40 Gathering information through "six sense" and focusing on what could be rather than what exists
5 barriers to social perceptions
Selective perception Stereotype Projection Self-fulfilling prophecies First-impression error TERM 47
Selective perception
DEFINITION 47 the process of selecting information that supports our individual viewpoints while discounting information that threatens our viewpoint TERM 48
Stereotype
DEFINITION 48 is a generalization about a group of people. TERM 49
First-impression error
DEFINITION 49 observe a brief bit of a person's behavior in out first encounter and infer that this behavior reflects what the person is always like.` TERM 50
Projection
DEFINITION 50 Overestimating the number of people who share our own beliefs, values, and behaviors.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
the situation in which our expectations about people affect our interaction with them in such a way that our expectations are confirmed. TERM 52
Impression management
DEFINITION 52 The process by which people attempt to control the impressions others have of them TERM 53
Attribution theory
DEFINITION 53 how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior and of others TERM 54
2 types of attribution bias
DEFINITION 54 Fundamental attribution error self-serving bias TERM 55
Internal attribution
DEFINITION 55 attributing success to ability and effort (internally)
