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an important technique used by geneticists to study human inheritance is the analysis of () pedigrees TERM 2 a pictorial representation of a family history, essentially a family tree that outlines the inheritance of one or more characteristics DEFINITION 2 pedigree TERM 3 the person from whom the pedigree is initiated is called the () and is usually designated by an arrow DEFINITION 3 proband TERM 4 characteristics of autosomal recessive trait DEFINITION 4 appear with equal frequency in males and females; appear only when a person inherits two alleles for the trait (one from each parent); skips generations TERM 5 mating between closely related people is called () DEFINITION 5 cosanguinity
characteristics of autosomal dominant traits appear in both sexes with equal frequency; both sexes are capable of transmitting these traits to offspring; do not skip generations TERM 7 x-linked recessive traits characteristics DEFINITION 7 appear more frequently in males than in females (males only need one copy whereas females need two (one from each parent)); affected males usually born to unaffected mothers; skip generations; not passed from father to son TERM 8 x-linked dominant traits characteristics DEFINITION 8 appear in males and females however affect more females than males; each person with x linked dominant trait must have an affected parent. TERM 9 y-linked traits characteristics DEFINITION 9 only males are affected; passed from father to son; do not skip generations; TERM 10 () twins arise when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm, producing genetically different zygotes DEFINITION 10 dizygotic
a procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid from a pregnant women amniocentesis TERM 17 collects a larger amount of fetal tissue, which eliminates the necessity of culturing cells DEFINITION 17 Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) TERM 18 a picture of a complete set of metaphase chromosomes; studied from chromosomal abnormalities DEFINITION 18 karyotype TERM 19 procedure separating fetal cells from a maternal blood sample DEFINITION 19 fetal cell sorting TERM 20 this technique allows people who carry a genetic defect to avoid producing a child with the disorder DEFINITION 20 preimplantation genetic diagnosis
testing for genetic disorders in newborn infants is called () newborn screening TERM 22 testing of members of a population to identify heterozygous carriers of recessive disease causing alleles DEFINITION 22 heterozygote screening TERM 23 evaluating healthy people to determine whether they have inherited a disease causing allele is known as DEFINITION 23 presymptomatic genetic testing
