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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes about 1) research design, 2) subject of research, 3) research instrument, 4) data collection, and 5) data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
Research design is the researcher’s plan of how to proceed to gain an understanding of some group or some phenomenon in its context. Research can be classified into two types: qualitative and quantitative research (Ary, 2010)
The research design of this research is descriptive qualitative. Ary (2002) states that the study that is designed to obtain information about the recent status of phenomena is called descriptive research. The recent phenomena that wants to describe by the researcher in this research is the difficulties of learning speaking faced by students of International Relations in ESP program at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Besides that, qualitative research is appropriated in this research since the data collected is in the form of words of pictures rather than number.
3.2 Population and Sample
Population is the larger group to which a researcher wishes to generalize, it includes all members of a defined class of people, events, or objects (Ary, 2010). The population of this study is all the first semester students of International Relations in University of Muhammadiyah Malang who took ESP 1 speaking subject. The total member of the population is 177 students and divided into 8 classes.
Arikunto (1998) states that if the subject of population is less than a hundred, it is better for the researcher to take all the population as sample, but if it is more than a hundred, the researcher can take the sample only 10-15% or 20-25 % or more. The population of this research consisted of 177 students, so, the researcher only took the sample as many as 25% (44 students) and it is taken randomly, because the population has the equal characteristics such as the students in each class is given the same material and the allocate time that is arranged is the same to each class. Ary (2010) states that simple random sampling is all member of a population which have an equal and independent chance of being include in the random sample. And all the member of the selected groups have similar characteristic.
3.3 Research Instrument
According to Yin (2011), research instrument is as a tool for collecting the data. In this research, the researcher uses questioner and interview as the instrument to collect the data.
3.3.1 Questioner
According to Ary (2010), questioner is an instrument in which respondents provide written responses to questions or mark items that indicate their responses. In this research, the researcher uses questionnaire to collect the data, because by using questionnaire, the answer will be well organized.
According to Cresswell (2012), there are three types of the questions: a. Close-ended question is the researcher poses a question and provides pre-set response options for the participant
A semi structured interview is appropriated to this research because the researcher still allows to ask new question that arise during interview process which also allows the researcher to get deeply into the information of the respondents. In addition, open-ended questions are used so that the respondents can answer the question in their own way and in their own words. The researcher uses respondents’ first language, Bahasa Indonesia, in the interview to avoid misunderstanding and to get information clearly. The process of interview is audio recorder. Ary, (2010) and Creswell (2012) agree that audio recorder is one of the efficient way to record the response of the participant in the interview.
3.4 Data Collection
The data is taken from the questioners and interviews.
- Distributing the questionnaire to 44 students from the total population students of International Relations major in University of Muhammadiyah Malang
- Asking the students to fill up the questioner
- Collecting the result of questioner
- Doing interview to the first semester students of International Relations major about their difficulties of learning speaking and their strategies in overcoming it in ESP program at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
- Collecting the all result that was gained from questioner and interview.
3.5 Data Analysis
According to Ary (2010) “data analysis is a proses whereby researchers systematically search and arrange the data in order to increase their understanding of the data and to enable then to present what they learned to others.”
The data analysis from this research is following:
- Identifying the students’ difficulties and their strategies in overcoming it through the students’ answer on the questionnaire.
- Classifying the students answer on the questionnaire and interview
- Describe the result of questionnaire and interview related to the students’ difficulties in learning speaking and also their strategies in overcoming it.
- Making conclusion based on the result of the analysis
