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CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter describes two main topics; they are Research findings and Discussion. The data was taken in this study are type of figurative language and contextual meaning in Katy Perry‟s song. The writer does not only analyze literal meaning, but the writer describes of figurative language in Katy Perry‟s song using conceptual metaphor theory and style and scope of stylistic. The analysis of study based on the problems in chapter I. A. Research Findings In the research findings, it has classified data which are taken from the Katy Perry‟s song, such as: Roar song, Unconditionally song, Dark horse song, Birthday song, and Ghost song.
Table 1. Types and Lyrics of “Roar” Song
No. Types of Figurative Language Lyrics
- Idiom
I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess I got the eye of tiger , a fighter Dancing through the fire
- Hyperbole I let you push me past the breaking point
- Simile
Now I ‟m floating like a butterfly Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes Like thunder gonna shake the ground
- Metaphor I went from zero , to my own hero
- Onomatopoeia Oh oh oh oh oh oh Roar
- Alliteration L ouder, l ouder than l ion This song “Roar” is a song that describes the spirit of women “I do believe in the power of women”. She was confused and she did not know what to do. She felt hurt, but she could do anything and resigned to the situation. Finally, she began to realize that she had to get up and try too hard. She believes that there are forces within her and struggles to turn into a better one, because she can do anything to herself. In the song, Katy Perry brings the lyrics which could encourage everyone. In particular, women around the world to make changes and something better. The story of the grudge positive after a period sidelined. Eventually, she was able to show who she really is, dazzling talent, until she could say out to the person who had put her down, that their efforts in vain. These Lyrics are: I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess I got the eye of tiger, a fighter
I went from zero, to my own hero It is called metaphor, because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare part of scale on power. These lyrics are: Oh ohohohohoh Roar Based on the lyrics above, it is called onomatopoeia “ Oh oh oh oh oh oh ” because this figurative whose sounds suggest their meaning, it made the song longer. The next lyrics, it is called onomatopoeia “ Roar ” because this figurative language using the sound a lion or tiger.
This lyric is: Louder, louder than lion It is called alliteration, because this figurative language using the letter “ L ” in a repetitive sequence.
Table 2. Types and Lyrics of “Unconditionally” Song
No.^ Types of figurative language Lyrics
- Hyperbole Walk through this storm I would Never made me blink one time
- Metaphor Acceptance is the key to be truly free
This song tells about unconditional love. She will do anything to get his heart. She tried to convince him that her love was genuine and it is not expect anything. Receive all the bad days and good days he has. She does not care about his past bad days, because all its ugliness will be replace to something better. Her love that does not ask anything, she loves without asking for a reward. Giving heart to someone her choose. Her acceptance of her partner, because her love is so strong to him.
These lyrics are: Walk through this storm I would Never made me blink one time Based on the lyrics above, it is called hyperbole “ Walk through this storm I would ” because the sentence using “ Walk through this storm ” to declaratory the sincerity. The next lyrics, it is called hyperbole because the writer wrote “ Never made me blink one time ” to declaratory the faithfulness. These lyrics are an exaggerated or excessive statement.
This lyric is: Acceptance is the key to be truly free It is called metaphor, because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare part of relationship.
These lyrics are: Make me your Aphrodite She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer She can be my Sleeping beauty Based on the lyrics above, it is could allusion “ Make me your Aphrodite ” because this figurative language to reference an event “ Aphrodite ” the goddess of love and beauty. The next lyrics, it is allusion “ She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer ” because this figurative language to reference a famous person “ Jeffrey Dahmer ” one of the most infamous serial killers of the 20th^ century. The last lyrics, it is allusion “ She can be my Sleeping beauty ” because this figurative language to reference an event “ Sleeping Beauty ”.
These lyrics are: Boy, you should know whatcha falling for But down to earth Based on the lyrics above, it is called idiom “ Boy, you should know whatcha falling for ” because a group of words “ falling for ” whose meaning is not understand from their literal meaning. The next lyrics, it is called idiom “ But down to earth ” because a group of words “ down to earth ” whose meaning is not understand from their literal meaning.
These lyrics are: „Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse
This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage She got me like a roller coaster Her love is like a drug Based on the lyrics, it is called simile “„Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse ” because this figurative language using word “ like ” directly to compare herself to be a horse. The next lyrics, it is called simile “ This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage ” because this figurative language using word “ like ” directly to compare her love to be a bird. The next lyrics, it is called simile “ She got me like a roller coaster” because this figurative language using word “like” directly to compare herself to be a roller coaster. The last lyrics, it is called simile “ Her love is like a drug ” because this figurative language using word “ like ” directly to compare herself to be a drug.
These lyrics are: She‟s sweet as pie She‟ll turn cold as a freezer Based on the lyrics, it is called simile “ She‟s sweet as pie ” because this figurative language using word “ as ” directly to compare herself to be a pie. The next lyrics, it is called simile “ She‟ll turn cold as a freezer ” because this figurative language using word “ as ” directly to compare herself to be a freezer.
This lyric is: Shawty‟s heart was on steroids
This lyric is: I got you spinning like a disco ball It is called simile “ I got you spinning like a disco ball ” because this figurative language using word “ like ” directly to compare herself to be a disco ball.
This lyric is: I‟ll be your gift It is called metaphor, because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare herself to be another things.
Table 5.Types and Lyrics of “GHOST” Song
No. Types of figurative language
Lyrics
- Metaphor And now you ‟re just a ghost You could be so cold
- Simile Like a stanger vanish like a vapor
- Repetition „Cause every gift, every letter, every promise of forever
- Idiom Now that I have made up my mind This song tells about the adversity. She was depressed by the events that have happened. Past days that she still remembers making grieve. Someone who she loves
goes away and gives her broken heart. The days have passed, but she fells empty. The shadow of her lover constantly present in his mind.
These lyrics are: And now you‟re just a ghost You could be so cold Based in the lyrics above, it is called metaphor “ And you‟re just a ghost ” because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare someone to be a ghost. The next lyrics, it is called metaphor “ You could be so cold” because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare someone to be so cold.
This lyric is: Like a stranger vanish like a vapor It is called simile “ Like a stranger vanish like a vapor ” because this figurative language using word “ like ” directly to compare someone to be a stranger and a vapor.
This lyric is: „Cause every gift, every letter, and every promise of forever It is called repetition “ „Cause every gift, every letter, every promise of forever ” because the sentence uses repetition words “ Every ” and jus changes the word after “ Every ”.
Table of conceptual metaphor in Katy Perry‟s song
Lyrics Target Domain Source Domain I went to zero, to my own zero Zero Hero Acceptance is the key to be truly free Acceptance Key Shawty‟s heart was on steroids^ Heart^ Steroids I‟ll be your gift I Gift And you are just ghost You Ghost You cold so be cold You Cold Now I‟m floating like a butterfly^ I^ Butterfly Your hear my voice, your hear that sound Like thunder gonna shake the ground
Voice Thunder
„cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse I Dark horse This love will make you Love Bird
levitate like a bird without a cage She‟s sweet as pie She Pie She‟ll turn cold as a freezer She Freezer Her love is like a drug Love Drug Like a stranger vanish like a vapor^ You
Stranger vanish and a vapor She got me like a roller coaster She Roller coaster I got you spinning like a disco ball I Disco ball From the data above, the writer has been classified the Katy Perry‟s song using conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson. The theory argues that figurative language is based underlying concepts. Category-inclusion assertions of form X is a Y, such as: “ She got me like a roller coaster ” the target domain is “She” as X and the source domain is “A roller coaster” as Y. B. Discussions Katy Perry has been singing for over fourteen years (2001-date). The analysis is, thus, based on songs that are purposively selected from, Roar song lyrics, Unconditionally song lyrics, Dark Horse song lyrics, Birthday song lyrics, and Ghost
The clock is ticking, running out of time The using stylistic analysis, it is called personification, because the word “Running” is treated like a human being. Running is an activity undertaken by human creatures that move positions; it means that the specified time has elapsed.
2. Metaphor Metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things that says one thing is another. From these songs, there are some metaphors found in the lyrics.
Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics
No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning
- I went from zero, to my own hero “Part of the scale on power”
- Acceptance is the key to be truly free
“Part of the scale in love”
- Shawty‟s heart was on steroids “A heartless person”
- I‟ll be your gift “A special things”
- (^) And now you‟re just a ghost “Fear”
- You could be so cold “Part of feelings”
I went from zero, to my own hero Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “ I went from zero, to my own hero ” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual
domains. The word “zero” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “hero” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called metaphor, because the word “zero” and “hero” are on completely different part of the scale on power. It also does not use the word “like” or “as”. The line “zero” and “hero” would be best interpreted as showing how she started as a weak person and ended up as a super confident person.
Acceptance is the key to be truly free Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “ Acceptance is the key to be truly free ” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Acceptance” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Key” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called metaphor, because the word “acceptance” and “key” are on completely different part of the scale in love. It also does not use the word “like” or “as”. The line “acceptance” and “key” would be best interpreted as showing how does she shows her love to someone and she does not care about his past bad days.
Shawty‟s heart was on steroids Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “ Shawty‟s heart was on steroids ” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Heart” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Steroid” as source domain.
You could be so cold Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “ You could be so cold ” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “You” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “cold” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called metaphor, because the word “You” and “Cold” is on completely a different part of feelings. It also does not use the word “like” or “as. The line “You” and “Cold” would be best interpreted as showing that someone being indifferent to her.
3. Simile Simile is a comparison of two unlike things using Like or As. From these songs, there are some similes found in the lyrics.
Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics
No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning
- Now I‟m floating like a butterfly “Does not have to worry”
- Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes “A good job for standing up”
- Like thunder gonna shake the ground “An impact to the act of standing up”
- (^) „Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark^ “Be strong more than the others”
horse
This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage^ “Always felt happy”
- She‟s sweet as pie “A friendship”
- She‟ll turn cold as a freezer “A heartless person”
- Her love is like a drug “wriggling out of mind”
- She got me like a roller coaster “exciting or scary condition”
I‟ll make it like your birthday everyday “A happiness”
- I got you spinning like a disco ball “Surprise”
- Like a stranger vanish like a vapor^ “Go away without saying goodbye”
Now I‟m floating like a butterfly Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “ Now I‟m floating like a butterfly ” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “I” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Butterfly” as source domain. The next lyric “ Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “I” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Bee” as source domain.
