User-Centered Design and
Development
Instructor: Franz J. Kurfess
Computer Science Dept.
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo
FJK 2005
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User-Centered Design and Development: Conversations and Awareness in Collaborative Systems, Lecture notes of Interface between Computer Science and Economics
A set of slides used in a university course on user-centered design and development. The slides focus on the topic of designing for collaboration and communication in user interfaces, covering social mechanisms for conversation and awareness, ethnographic aspects, and the integration of communication and collaboration mechanisms into systems. The document also includes activities for analyzing conversational interactions between users and systems, and improving conversational aspects of human-computer interaction.
Typology: Lecture notes
2015/2016
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User-Centered Design and
Development
Instructor: Franz J. Kurfess Computer Science Dept. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo FJK 2005
Copyright Notice
- (^) These slides are a revised version of the originals provided with the book “Interaction Design” by Jennifer Preece, Yvonne Rogers, and Helen Sharp, Wiley, 2002.
- (^) I added some material, made some minor modifications, and created a custom show to select a subset. - (^) Slides added or modified by me are marked with my initials (FJK), unless I forgot it … FJK 2005
Chapter 4
Designing for Collaboration and Communication
Chapter Overview
- (^) Social mechanisms for communication and collaboration - (^) conversation - (^) coordination - (^) awareness
- (^) Ethnographical aspects
- (^) Conceptual frameworks FJK 2005
FJK 2005
Objectives
- (^) Become familiar with social mechanisms for communication and collaboration.
- (^) Analyze tasks and processes with respect to collaboration and communication.
- (^) Be aware of potential ethnographic aspects.
- (^) Integrate appropriate communication and collaboration mechanisms into systems to improve interaction design.
Social aspects of HCI:
designing for collaboration and
communication
FJK 2005
Conversation
- (^) Structured exchange of information among a small group of people - (^) frequently two persons - (^) usually turn-taking - (^) coherent flow of information - (^) usually synchronous
- (^) Natural language-based
- (^) not exclusively, however
- (^) additional auditory information
- (^) explicit visual cues
- “body language” (implicit visual cues)
- (^) not exclusively, however
- (^) Conversational Rules
- (^) mostly social conventions to make conversations go smoothly
FJK 2005
Activity: Conversing with
Machines
- (^) identify a suitable interaction between a user and a system, and analyze it from a conversational perspective - (^) communication medium - (^) sound, writing, buttons, … - (^) language - (^) natural vs. artificial, restricted vs. unrestricted - (^) rules and conventions - (^) social (“acceptable behavior”) - (^) legal - (^) technical
Conversation with others
- (^) Various mechanisms and ‘rules’ we
follow to hold a conversation
- (^) mutual greetings A: Hi there B: Hi! C: Hi A: All right? C: Good, How’s it going? A: Fine, how are you? C: OK B: So-so. How’s life treating you?
Conversational rules
- (^) turn-taking to coordinate conversation
- (^) A: Shall we meet at 8?
- (^) B: Um, can we meet a bit later?
- (^) A: Shall we meet at 8?
- (^) B: Wow, look at him?
- (^) A: Yes what a funny hairdo!
- (^) B: Um, can we meet a bit later?
- (^) Back channeling to signal to continue and following - (^) Uh-uh, umm, ahh
Breakdowns in conversation
- When someone says something that is misunderstood - (^) Speaker will repeat with emphasis: A: “this one?” B: “no, I meant that one!” - (^) Also use tokens: Eh? Quoi? Huh? What?
What happens in technology-
mediated conversations?
- (^) Do same conversational rules apply?
- (^) Are there more breakdowns?
- (^) How do people repair them?
- (^) Phone?
- (^) Email?
- (^) Instant messaging
- (^) SMS texting?
Synchronous computer- mediated communication
- (^) Conversations are supported in real-time through voice and/or typing
- (^) Examples include video conferencing and chatrooms
- (^) Benefits
- (^) Can keep more informed of what is going on
- (^) Video conferencing allows everyone to see each other providing some support for non-verbal communication
- (^) Chatrooms can provide a forum for shy people to talk more
- (^) Problems:
- Video lacks bandwidth so judders and lots of shadows
- (^) Difficult to establish eye contact with images of others
- (^) People can behave badly when behind the mask of an avatar
Will video be a success using
G3 mobile phones?
- Will the judder, sudden jerks and shadows disappear?
- Will it be possible to establish eye contact and read lips on such a small image?
- Will people find it socially acceptable to talk to an image of someone in the palm of their hands?