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CHARLESTON TOUR GUIDE
TEST
In March, 1779, Continental Congress authorized and urged Ga and SC to raise 3,000-man slave army commanded by white officers. What was response. - ANSWERS-Neither did it. In 1782, as British began to evacuate from major port cities, they took thousands of slaves. Evidence suggests nearly 10,000 from Charleston. What happened to them? - ANSWERS-British promised them freedom, but not all were freed. Some were resold in the Caribbean. Just before the Revolution, what percentage of white Charleston families owned slaves? - ANSWERS-nearly 80% How was urban slavery different than rural? - ANSWERS-urban slaves used in wider range of occupations, like contstruction, brickyards, milling, and maritime. Skilled women generally worked in needlecraft. Slave women comprised majority of traders at public market. What were slave badges? - ANSWERS-system of slave hiring. Many people who didn't own slaves rented them. These slaves had to have badges. Charleston appears to be only city with this system. The city even hired slaves for fire dept. Some owners allowed slaves to hire themselves out and keep part of the money.
BY the early 1850s, 2 churches established solely for slaves. What were they? - ANSWERS-Zion Pres and Calvary Episcopal. What was the African Church? - ANSWERS-established in 1818 and affiliated with AME in Philadelphia. Short-lived because a threat to slaveholding society. Destroyed by authorities in 1822 after Vesey Uprising. When was Stono Rebellion? - ANSWERS-Sept 9, 1739. Group on Kongo Africans banded together, broke into a store and armed themselves south of St. Paul's Parish. What was the plan of Stono Rebellion leaders? - ANSWERS-March to Spanish Florida. Why was Stono Rebellion significant? - ANSWERS-Largest 18th century slave uprising on British mainland. What did the Stono Rebellion prompt Assembly to pass? - ANSWERS-Negro Act of 1740. most comprehensive slave code at that time. Severely restricted lives of slaves and free blacks. ALso heavily taxed imported Africans in order to reduce black population. How did Denamrk Vesey win his freedom? - ANSWERS-he won $1,500 in East Bay Lottery and purchased his freedom for $600.
Why did many free blacks end up fleeing the state? - ANSWERS- Beginning in 1820, legislature passed laws to restrict slave manumssions. In final years before Civil War, regional effort made to enslave or expel them. What member of 54th Mass received Medal of Honor? - ANSWERS- Sgt. William Carney, who was a fugitive slave With Union occupation, what did blacks do at Washington Race Course? - ANSWERS-It had been a POW camp, and over 250 died there, buried in shallow graves. Blacks, through their churches, worked to make a proper cemetary and dedicated memorial arch to Martyrs of the Race Course. On May 1, 1865, 10,000 blacks paraded to burial ground, making it the first Memorial Day. What was significant about State Constitutional Convention in 1868?
- ANSWERS-First official state assembly with black majority. What changed beginning in 1898? - ANSWERS-Jom Crow laws started segregating races. By WWI, state had forbidden contact between the races. Name years that hurricane hit. - ANSWERS-1698, 1699, twice in 1752 (2 weeks apart), 1813, 1822, 1886, 1893, 1911, 1940, 1959 (Gracie), 1989 (Hugo) Name thwarted 1822 slave revolt. - ANSWERS-Denmark Vesey
Date that Reformed Society of Israelites was formed. - ANSWERS- November 21, 1824. First US VP to resign. - ANSWERS-John C. Calhoun under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun also VP under John Adams in 1824. Largest sea island cotton crop and second largest rice crop both in what year? - ANSWERS- 1828 Nullification Controversey was in response to what? - ANSWERS- 1828 and 1832 tariffs. Longest railway in the world (at time) was completed in what year? - ANSWERS-1832. How long was railway and where did it go? - ANSWERS- 136 miles from Charleston to Hamburg. What happend to St. Philip's in 1835? - ANSWERS-Destroyed by fire. how many acres did 1838 fire cover and how many building damaged? - ANSWERS- 144 acres. almost 1,000 buildings easteward from King St. to Ansonborough.
What Did Robert Smalls do? What was the date? - ANSWERS-On May 13, 1862, he seized Confederate ship Planter and along with 12 other slaves delivered it to Union quadron blockading the harbor. Who led 54th Mass? - ANSWERS-Col. Robert Gould. What did 54th Mass do, and what was date? - ANSWERS-Led assault on Battery Wagner in 1863. When did Union bombardment of Charleston begin? - ANSWERS- August 1863. How long did Ubion bombardment last? - ANSWERS- 18 months Year that Jeff Davis visited Charleston. Where did he stay? - ANSWERS-1863. Stayed at Gov. William Aiken Jr's house at 48 Elizabeth St. What did Hunley do and when? - ANSWERS-Sank Houstatonic on February 17, 1864. How many days did union seige last? - ANSWERS- 545 days Month and year that Union occupation started? - ANSWERS- February 1865
What booming industry started in 1867? - ANSWERS-Phosphate what mayor expands parks and other public services and when? - ANSWERS-William Ashmead Courenay in 1879 When did big earthquake happen? - ANSWERS-1886. How many died in earthquake? - ANSWERS-almost 100. What happened in Hamton Park in 1902? - ANSWERS-Interstate and West Indian Expo. What month and year did hurricane wipe out last of rice industry? - ANSWERS-August, 1911 When was boll weevil detected? By what year was cotton industry destroyed? - ANSWERS-1917. 1919. Who was Susan Pringle Frost? - ANSWERS-A founder of Society for Preservation of Old Dwellings. When was Society for Preservation of Old Dwellings founded? - ANSWERS- 1920 When did Grace Memorial open? - ANSWERS- 1929
Riley elected firt time in what year? - ANSWERS- 1975 SPoleto started in what year? - ANSWERS- 1977 Navy base closed in what year? - ANSWERS-1995. Tourism becomes largest in dustry in what year? - ANSWERS-1995. When was Hunley raised? - ANSWERS-August 8, 2000. How many crew members did Hunley have, and where are they buried? - ANSWERS-8. Magnolia Cemetary Arthur Ravenel Bridge opened in what year? - ANSWERS- 2005 Name the 4 main Native American groups - ANSWERS-Kiawah, Etiwan, Sewee, Coosaw What was Ashley River first called? - ANSWERS-Kiawah For whom was first settlement named - ANSWERS-Duke of Albemarle, George Monck
Ashley and Cooper Rivers named for? - ANSWERS-Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury Name the 8 Lords Proprietors - ANSWERS-Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury; George Monck, Duke of Albemarle; John Berkeley, Baron of Berkeley of Stratton; Sir George Carteret; Sir John Colleton; William Craven, Earl of Craven; Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon; Sir William Berkeley Who first identified where Charles Town should move? - ANSWERS- Gov. William Sayle. Who did Lord Ashley send to lay out new town? - ANSWERS-Sir John Yeamans, also Governor To whom had Oyster Point originally granted? - ANSWERS-Henry Hughes and John & Affra Coming One of earliest residents of new town site was whom? Month and year his house is noted? Where was it? - ANSWERS-Richard Tradd. February 1679. Corner of East Bay & Broad. He drew earliest known view of Charleston? When? - ANSWERS- Hugenot Jean Boyd in 1698 Year of Herbert map? - ANSWERS- 1721
Where and when did Yemassee Was begin? - ANSWERS-St. Helena (Beaufort) and St. Bartholmew's parishes in April 1715. Who turned back Yemessees/Creeks from Charleston? - ANSWERS- Col. George Chicken and Goose Creek militia. Year that treaty was signed with Yemesee/Creeks? - ANSWERS-
What councilman did Balckbeard hold hostage? - ANSWERS-Samuel Wragg and his son. What did the General Assembly do in 1719 partly in response to Yemasee War? - ANSWERS-Declared end of Proprietary rule and asked for status as Crown colony. When did Privy Council assume responsibility for Chas Govt? - ANSWERS-August 1720. Who was first Royal Governor? - ANSWERS-Francis Nicholson List main sources of wealth in 18th century. - ANSWERS-Indian trade, rice, indigo, shipping. Who was likely wealthiest person in Colonial America? - ANSWERS- Gabriel Manigault.
Land ownership considered badge of aristocracy in Colonial period, but what actually made the largest fortunes? - ANSWERS-Merchants like Manigault, Miles Brewton, John Edwards, Robert Pringle. Act of 1772 required what to qualify for the Assembly? - ANSWERS- ownership of 500 acres and 10 slaves or real estate worth 10,000 pds. Year of Stamp Act - ANSWERS- 1765 Where did mechanics meet and who led them? - ANSWERS-Liberty Tree in Mazyk's pasture. Christopher Gadsden. Liberty Marker is on what street? - ANSWERS-Alexander When was Charleston Tea Party? - ANSWERS-Nov 3, 1774 Where was taxed tea stored and what was done with it. - ANSWERS- stored at Old Exchange. Sold to finance war effort. This mass meeting was considered foundation of SC's present government. Where, when, and why? - ANSWERS-Old Exchange on Dec 3, 1773. Meeting to protest tea tax Who was last Royal Governor, and when did he leave? - ANSWERS- Lord William Campbell fled his Meeting St residence Sept 5, 1775.
When and why did General Assembly vote to move state capitol? - ANSWERS-1786. To end Charleston's dominance in politics and government. Year of Denmark Vesey uprising? - ANSWERS-1822. How many were executed after failed Vesey uprising? - ANSWERS- Vesey and 35 others What innovations in the 1790s helped restore Charleston's economy? - ANSWERS-cotton gin, development of tidal rice cultivation, improved rice mills. What happened in the 1820s to cause economic decline? - ANSWERS-competition from inland counties that interecepted wagon trade. competition from younger states like Mississippi in cotton production. What year did SC Rail Road begin operation? - ANSWERS- 1833 When and where did SC Secession Convention, during which Ordinance of Secession was signed, take place? - ANSWERS-Dec. 20, 1860 in St. Andrew's Society Hall. Where was Ordinance of Secession "formerly" signed? - ANSWERS- SC Institute Hall on Meeting St.
Date that Civil War started? - ANSWERS-April 12, 1861 Month and year Federal Seige of Charleston began? - ANSWERS- April 1863 Month and year Federal bombardment began? - ANSWERS-August
Federal occupation until what year? - ANSWERS- 1879 Local government was restored with election of Mayor John A. Wagener in what year? - ANSWERS- 1871 Industries that helped prosperity return in the 1880's - ANSWERS- Phosphate, lumber mills, mattress factory, locomotive engine factory, sash & blind factories, cotton presses, cotton mill, rice mills, cigar, cotton trade, port, lumber exports. Two catastrophes in the 18802... what and when? - ANSWERS- 1885 cyclone and 1886 earthquake Date of earthquake? - ANSWERS-Aug 31, 1886 Percent of buildings damaged by earthquake. - ANSWERS-90%
What was happening 1915 - 1945? - ANSWERS-Charleston Renaissance. Which mayor expanded Charleston size from 5 to 18 square miles starting in 1959? - ANSWERS-Gaillard What year did Defense Dept call for closure of Navy Base? - ANSWERS- 1992 How many annual visitors do we have? - ANSWERS-more than 4 - million When and why was Mayor's Walled City Task Force created? - ANSWERS-2005. to conduct digs to learn boundaries and features of fortifications. Name some of the buildings where HCF-grant funded research was conducted. - ANSWERS-Powder Mag, Heyward-Washington House, Aiken-Rhett House, Nat Russell house, Old Exchange, City Hall, site of Market Pavillion Hotel. Where can you find artifacts and photos of HCF digs? - ANSWERS- City Hall, Old Exchange, Powder Mag, Market Pavillion Hotel, Chas Co Judicial Center, MUSC INstitute of Psychiatry, Chas Museum
Why were cisterns used to collect rainwater by 1850s? - ANSWERS- urban density and proximity of wells to privies contaminated groundwater. HCH has protective easements on how many properties? - ANSWERS-nearly 300 What is the Topper site? - ANSWERS-in Allendale, SC. Evidence of human occupation 50,000 years ago. What is Stallings Island pottery? - ANSWERS-earliest pottery in North America. it is tempered with plant fiber. By what date were local populations living in permanent settlements? What did this represent? - ANSWERS-by 800 AD. Subsisted on bean and maize agricultural. represented height of cultural complexity before Europeans. Who recorded chiefdoms in Carolinas was westward? - ANSWERS- Hernando de Soto in the 1540s. Where did Kiawah live? - ANSWERS-along lower Ashley River... today's West Ashley area. What did the Kiawah give colonists? - ANSWERS-Their primary village at Albemarle Point.
