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CHARLESTON TOUR

GUIDE TEST EXAM

|GUARANTEED PASS

|ACCURATE ANSWERS

Name years that hurricane hit. - CORRECT ANSWERS-1698, 1699, twice in 1752 ( weeks apart), 1813, 1822, 1886, 1893, 1911, 1940, 1959 (Gracie), 1989 (Hugo) Name thwarted 1822 slave revolt. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Denmark Vesey Date that Reformed Society of Israelites was formed. - CORRECT ANSWERS- November 21, 1824. First US VP to resign. - CORRECT ANSWERS-John C. Calhoun under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun also VP under John Adams in 1824. Largest sea island cotton crop and second largest rice crop both in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1828 Nullification Controversey was in response to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1828 and 1832 tariffs. Longest railway in the world (at time) was completed in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1832. How long was railway and where did it go? - CORRECT ANSWERS-136 miles from Charleston to Hamburg. What happend to St. Philip's in 1835? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Destroyed by fire. how many acres did 1838 fire cover and how many building damaged? - CORRECT ANSWERS-144 acres. almost 1,000 buildings easteward from King St. to Ansonborough. First municipal college and year city funded it. - CORRECT ANSWERS-College of Charleston. 1839. What was built as result of Denmark Vesey revolt? - CORRECT ANSWERS-SC Arsensal. What year was Citadel established and where? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1842. On grounds of SC Arsenal. Date that Ordinance of Secession was signed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-December 20, 1 860. Where was Ordinance of Secesssion signed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Insitute Hall. what and when started Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Firing on Fort Sumter April 12, 1861.

When was boll weevil detected? By what year was cotton industry destroyed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1917. 1919. Who was Susan Pringle Frost? - CORRECT ANSWERS-A founder of Society for Preservation of Old Dwellings. When was Society for Preservation of Old Dwellings founded? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1920 When did Grace Memorial open? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1929 Year that city passed ordinance creating first historic district? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1931 1931 historic zoning ordinance also created what? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Board of Architectural Review Year that Porgy & Bess opened in NYC? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1935 What year did two tornadoes hit? what did second one do? - CORRECT ANSWERS-

1938. Second destroyed Market. What did Judge J. Waites Waring rule in 1947? - CORRECT ANSWERS-SC primary elections must be open to blacks. Who founded Historic Charleston Foundation? What year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Carolina Art Assoc. in 1947. what is the Ansonborough Rehabilitation Progam and year it started? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Revolving fund for restoration started in 1959. Year that historic district expanded and zoning ordinance updated? What areas were included in expansion? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1966. Ansonborough and Harleston Village. What year did Pearman Bridge open? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1966 Riley elected firt time in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1975 SPoleto started in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1977 Navy base closed in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1995. Tourism becomes largest in dustry in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1995. When was Hunley raised? - CORRECT ANSWERS-August 8, 2000.

How many crew members did Hunley have, and where are they buried? - CORRECT ANSWERS-8. Magnolia Cemetary Arthur Ravenel Bridge opened in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 2005 Name the 4 main Native American groups - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kiawah, Etiwan, Sewee, Coosaw What was Ashley River first called? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kiawah For whom was first settlement named - CORRECT ANSWERS-Duke of Albemarle, George Monck Ashley and Cooper Rivers named for? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury Name the 8 Lords Proprietors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury; George Monck, Duke of Albemarle; John Berkeley, Baron of Berkeley of Stratton; Sir George Carteret; Sir John Colleton; William Craven, Earl of Craven; Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon; Sir William Berkeley Who first identified where Charles Town should move? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Gov. William Sayle. Who did Lord Ashley send to lay out new town? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sir John Yeamans, also Governor To whom had Oyster Point originally granted? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Henry Hughes and John & Affra Coming One of earliest residents of new town site was whom? Month and year his house is noted? Where was it? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Richard Tradd. February 1679. Corner of East Bay & Broad. He drew earliest known view of Charleston? When? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hugenot Jean Boyd in 1698 Year of Herbert map? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1721 What was Grand Modell? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Layout for the city with gridded streets and public square To whom was first Grand Modell lot granted and when? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lot No. 14 at East Bay & Broad to John Bullen on Feb 3, 1679.

Land ownership considered badge of aristocracy in Colonial period, but what actually made the largest fortunes? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Merchants like Manigault, Miles Brewton, John Edwards, Robert Pringle. Act of 1772 required what to qualify for the Assembly? - CORRECT ANSWERS- ownership of 500 acres and 10 slaves or real estate worth 10,000 pds. Year of Stamp Act - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1765 Where did mechanics meet and who led them? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Liberty Tree in Mazyk's pasture. Christopher Gadsden. Liberty Marker is on what street? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Alexander When was Charleston Tea Party? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Nov 3, 1774 Where was taxed tea stored and what was done with it. - CORRECT ANSWERS-stored at Old Exchange. Sold to finance war effort. This mass meeting was considered foundation of SC's present government. Where, when, and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Old Exchange on Dec 3, 1773. Meeting to protest tea tax Who was last Royal Governor, and when did he leave? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lord William Campbell fled his Meeting St residence Sept 5, 1775. What happened June 22, 1776? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Battle of Sullivan's Island First decisive American victory of Revolution? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Battle of Sullivan's Island Who was Sir Peter Parker? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Led British in Battle of Sullivan's Island Where was Col. William "Danger" Thompson during Battle of Sullivan's Island? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Breech Inlet When did Charles Town surrender to British? - CORRECT ANSWERS-May 12, 1780 Who was Col. Isaac Hayne? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Executed by British as example during occupation. Who signed Declaration of Independence? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Thomas Heward, Thomas Lynch, Edward Rutledge, Arthur Middleton Date that Charleston was incorporated. - CORRECT ANSWERS-August 13, 1783

Who was first Intendant? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Richard Hutson When and why did General Assembly vote to move state capitol? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1786. To end Charleston's dominance in politics and government. Year of Denmark Vesey uprising? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1822. How many were executed after failed Vesey uprising? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Vesey and 35 others What innovations in the 1790s helped restore Charleston's economy? - CORRECT ANSWERS-cotton gin, development of tidal rice cultivation, improved rice mills. What happened in the 1820s to cause economic decline? - CORRECT ANSWERS- competition from inland counties that interecepted wagon trade. competition from younger states like Mississippi in cotton production. What year did SC Rail Road begin operation? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1833 When and where did SC Secession Convention, during which Ordinance of Secession was signed, take place? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dec. 20, 1860 in St. Andrew's Society Hall. Where was Ordinance of Secession "formerly" signed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-SC Institute Hall on Meeting St. Date that Civil War started? - CORRECT ANSWERS-April 12, 1861 Month and year Federal Seige of Charleston began? - CORRECT ANSWERS-April 1863 Month and year Federal bombardment began? - CORRECT ANSWERS-August 1863. Federal occupation until what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1879 Local government was restored with election of Mayor John A. Wagener in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1871 Industries that helped prosperity return in the 1880's - CORRECT ANSWERS- Phosphate, lumber mills, mattress factory, locomotive engine factory, sash & blind factories, cotton presses, cotton mill, rice mills, cigar, cotton trade, port, lumber exports. Two catastrophes in the 18802... what and when? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1885 cyclone and 1886 earthquake

Where can you find artifacts and photos of HCF digs? - CORRECT ANSWERS-City Hall, Old Exchange, Powder Mag, Market Pavillion Hotel, Chas Co Judicial Center, MUSC INstitute of Psychiatry, Chas Museum Why were cisterns used to collect rainwater by 1850s? - CORRECT ANSWERS-urban density and proximity of wells to privies contaminated groundwater. HCH has protective easements on how many properties? - CORRECT ANSWERS- nearly 300 What is the Topper site? - CORRECT ANSWERS-in Allendale, SC. Evidence of human occupation 50,000 years ago. What is Stallings Island pottery? - CORRECT ANSWERS-earliest pottery in North America. it is tempered with plant fiber. By what date were local populations living in permanent settlements? What did this represent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-by 800 AD. Subsisted on bean and maize agricultural. represented height of cultural complexity before Europeans. Who recorded chiefdoms in Carolinas was westward? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Hernando de Soto in the 1540s. Where did Kiawah live? - CORRECT ANSWERS-along lower Ashley River... today's West Ashley area. What did the Kiawah give colonists? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Their primary village at Albemarle Point. Where did Coosaw live? - CORRECT ANSWERS-upper Ashley near Summerville What was Cooper River originally called? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Etiwan Where did Etiwan live? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Daniel Island and up Cooper River to Moncks Corner Where did Sewee live? - CORRECT ANSWERS-North of Etiwan to Santee River. Other Native American groups in area? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Wando, Edisto, Sampa, Stono. What was primary commerce of early Carolina? - CORRECT ANSWERS-deerskin trade with Native Americans What group became primary trading partner and when? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Yemassee in 1680s.

What was bulk of Yemassee trade? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Native American slaves, who had been allied with Spain. Why did Yemassees attack Carolina colonists... and when? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Mounting debt and fear of enslavement in 1715. Few, if any, Native Americans were left near Charleston by what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1750. What tribe continued to sell pottery to plantation owners well into 1800s? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Catawba What is colonware? - CORRECT ANSWERS-unglazed, low-fired pottery that is porduct of cultural interaction between enslaved Africans and Native Americans and free Native Americans. What is syncretism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-blending of indigenous and foreign traits to form new cultural systems... as in colonware. King Charles I first issued charter for Carolana in 1629 to whom? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sir Robert Heath King Charles granted Carolina to Lords Proprietors in what year? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1663. What year was Carolina divided? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1691 What did Capt. Robert Sanford do in 1666? - CORRECT ANSWERS-exporatory voyage from Cape Fear to Port Royal. Who was Dr. Henry Woodward? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He accompanied Capt Robert Sanford on 1666 voyage to Port Royal and agreed to stay with the natives there, while the Cassique's nephew went with Sanford to Engladd. Charleston was only town in Carolina until what other settlement finally succeeded? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Beaufort in 1710. Who were the Cavaliers? - CORRECT ANSWERS-they supported the Stuarts... ie, Charles I & II. Original charter included what territory? - CORRECT ANSWERS-south from Va to FL and west to Pacific Date Charles II granted Carolina - CORRECT ANSWERS-March 24, 1673

What happened to the Albemarle - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lost sight of other ships, but made it to Barbados. However, at Barbados, he cable broke during a storm, and she was swept onto rocks and destroyed. What ship replaced the Albemarle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The Three Brothers. Colonists were supposed to go to Port Royal, but where did they first drop anchor? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sewee Bay (Bull's Bay). When did Carolina and Port Royal drop anchor in the mouth of the Ashley River" - CORRECT ANSWERS-April 1670. What happened to Three Brothers? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blundered into Spanish territory on St. Catherine's Island, GA. Group went ashore, and 12 went missing, killed, taken prisoner, and fate unknown. Ship forced to leave them. They headed north and were met by friendly natives, who told them there were English at Kiawah. They finally made it in June 1670. How long did the colonists travel? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 90 days Name first family of enslaed Africans - CORRECT ANSWERS-John Sr, Mary, and John Jr When did first enslaved Africans arrive? - CORRECT ANSWERS-June 1670 on the Three Brothers Name three walled cities in North America besides Charles Town - CORRECT ANSWERS-Quebec, Montreal, St. Augustine, New Amsterdam When were walls dismantled? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Land side by 1730s. Harbor side by 1790s. How many acres did walled city have? - CORRECT ANSWERS-62 acres The 1686 Boyd Map shows earliest fortifications where? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cooper River waterfront. Where was Granville Bastion, and what was it called? - CORRECT ANSWERS-40 East Bay (Misroon House). It was called the "great fort." Where was Carteret Bastion? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cumberland St What now covers Craven Bastion? - CORRECT ANSWERS-US Custom House and part of East Bay St. What creek was where the Market now is? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Daniel's Creek

Where was the Half Moon Battery? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Under Old Exchange. Found during 1965 excavation. Where was one of the three brick redans found? - CORRECT ANSWERS-South Adger's Whar during 2008-09 excavation. What were land side walls likely made of? - CORRECT ANSWERS-earth with timber framing Define curtain wall - CORRECT ANSWERS-wall connecting 2 bastions. ie, the scarp of main wall of the fort or fortification Define bastion - CORRECT ANSWERS- 4 - sided fort that projects from curtain wall. TYpically contain small buildings and platforms for cannon. Define redan - CORRECT ANSWERS-triangular prjection along curtain wall that provides additional coverage within lines of fire. Only above-ground portionof city's early defense that is still visible is what? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Powder Magazine What does the Walled City Task Force hope to eventually accomplish? - CORRECT ANSWERS-trace outline of entire walled city in the streets and sidewalks. Possibly first pirate execution was when? - CORRECT ANSWERS-7 pirates hanged in

When did Blackbeard blockade the harbor? - CORRECT ANSWERS-summer of 1718 How many ships did Balckbeard have for the blockade? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 4 ships and 300 pirates How many English pounds worth of medical supplies did Blackbeard get? - CORRECT ANSWERS-400 pds. What prompted William Rhett to go after pirates? - CORRECT ANSWERS-another blockade in August 1718 by Charles Vane. William Rhett's 2 ships? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Henry and Sea Nymph What pirate did Rhett capture? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Stede Bonnet, Sept 1718, Cape Fear River What other time had Bonnet plundered off Charleston coast? - CORRECT ANSWERS- August 1717

Factors that contributed to decline of indigo production? - CORRECT ANSWERS-loss of British bounty and increased compeition from French and Spanish West Indies, which had better quality indigo. Who grew first commercial crop of sea island cotton? When? Where? - CORRECT ANSWERS-William Elliott. Hilton Head. 1790. By 1808, where was se island cotton concentrated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-John's Island, Jame Island, Wadmalaw Island, St. Helena, Lady's Island, Port Royal Who developed the high-quality long staple cotton? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Kinsey Burden in 1798 on Burden's Island in St. Paul's Parish in Colleton District. Where did Kinsey Burden complete his long staple experiments and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Burden married Mary Legare, and they moved to her home at Oakvale Plantation on John's Island. What began the decline of sea island cotton? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Civil War What else contributed to cotton decline? - CORRECT ANSWERS-labor shortage and a nationwide depression. By early 1900s, competition from West Indies and Egypt, deteriorated sea island cotton quality, and a market deadlock. Mexican boll weevil ended cotton in 1920. Who led local fight against Stamp Act? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Christopher Gadsden with the Sons of Liberty Where is the Liberty Tree marker? - CORRECT ANSWERS-80 Alexander St Why did SC Assembly vote to erect statue of William Pitt? Where was it? What happened to it? Where is it now? - CORRECT ANSWERS-He advocated for colonists' rights (Stamp Act). Statue was at Broad and Meeting. In 1780 during siege of Charleston, British cannonball broke off right arm. Statue is now in County Judicial Center. in response to growing tensions, what did South Carolinians do in January 1775? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Replaced colonial House of Commons Assembly with Provincial Assembly. Where did Provincial Assembly meet? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Statehouse at Broad & Meeting (now county courthouse) What did Provincial Assembly authorize? - CORRECT ANSWERS-raising 3 regiments and securing arms and gunpowder

How many attempt did Britsh make on Charleston? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 3 - June 1776 Battle of Sullivan's Island. May 1779 Gen Augustine Prevost asked for terms of surrender... civilian authorities proposed neutrality, but Prevost said he came in military capacity and would deal only with military leadership... General Moultrie insisted that SC would fight... Prevost realized his force not large enough and retreated. Strongest attempt in spring of 1780, when Sir Henry Clinton's 10,000 man army assisted by navy lay siege to Charleston April 1 - May 12. Longest siege of Revolution and largest military operation in SC. May 12, American Army under Gen Benjamin Lincoln (almost 6,000 men) surrendered, making it worst defeat of the Revolution. Where were American fortification centered in Charleston? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Marion Square What are the tabby ruins in Marion Square? - CORRECT ANSWERS-section of the hornwork, a large fort with 2 bastions What high profiule Patriots were imprisoned in St. Augustine? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Christpher Gadsden, Thomas Heyward, David Ramsay Date of Isaac Hayne's execution? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Agu 4, 1781 When did British occupation end? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Dec 14, 1782 What was Carolina's first successful agricultural product? - CORRECT ANSWERS-meat for the Carobbena colonies What transformed Lowcountry into plantation society? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rice. It required massive capital investment in land and labor. What was rare on plantation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-livestock. most meat produced in backcountry. What helped creation of Gullah culture? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of slave quarters away from main house and the task system, which gave more free time. Also whites' desire to avoid rice fields in summer and disease season of early fall. Who bought Henry Lauren's Mepkin Plantation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Luce family of Time Magazine. Later donated it to Trappist monks. What was held in Charleston April 23, 1860? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Democratic National Convention What happened during Democratic National Convention in 1860? - CORRECT ANSWERS-most southern delegates walked out. more and more delegates, north and south left. This split the strength of the party, helping Republicans and Lincoln.

What happened to USS Keokuk, which was part of ironclad fleet that attacked Ft. Sumter? - CORRECT ANSWERS-It got closer to Ft Sumter, thanks to navigations skills of Robert Smalls, but was so badly damaged that it sank the next morning. Confederates then raided the ship, taking two large Dahlgren guns with them. One of these guns is displated at White Point. There were two assaults on Fort Wagner. Who led the second, and what was the outcome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Col. Robert Shaw and 54th Mass led attach on July 18, 1863. It failed. What was the Swamp Angel? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Huge gun used to shell Charleston. First shell landed at 1:30am at Pinckney and Church. Shells had "Greek fire." First known use of compass to sight target. On its 36th discharge, the 8-ton gun exploded. How long did Union bombardment last? - CORRECT ANSWERS-587 days. Record that would stand until WWII. What was Gen. Beauregard's response to Gen. Gilmore's initial bombing of Charleston?

• CORRECT ANSWERS-said it was inexcusable barbarity to turn guns against women, childrem, old men, and hospitals of a sleeping city. What ship did CSS David defeat? Date? - CORRECT ANSWERS-USS New Ironsides, October 5, 1863 How were David and Hunley different? - CORRECT ANSWERS-David was steam powered and not capable of full submersion. Why was St. Michaels steeple darkened during the Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWERS- to make it less of a target What happened to Hunley on first two voyages? - CORRECT ANSWERS-It sank, claiming lives of most crew members. What ship did Hunley sink? Date? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Houstatonic. Feb 17, 1864 When was Hunley located? Raised? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Found in 1995. Raised in

What general moved 50 Union POWs to area of Charleston that was being shelled? - CORRECT ANSWERS-General Jones in 1864. When General Jones moved Union POWs into area being shelled, the Union retaliated by moving Confed POWs to a dangerous spot on Morris Island. Who finally fixed this mess? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lincoln brokered a deal to move move the POWs on both sides from firing line.

How many POWs were kept at Old Jail and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-600. They were moved from Andersonville as Sherman's army moved across GA. Why did Beauregard order Charleston evacuation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Afraid that Sherman was headed to Charleston. What happened after many people sent their vaulables to Columubia in fear that Sherman was coming to Charleston? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sherman burned Columbia instead. Then decided that Columbia's fall would leave Charleston isolated and useless to war effort. Date that Confederates evacuated Charleston? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Feb 17,1685 - same night that Columbia fell. What tragedy happened Feb 18, 1865... the day after Confederates evacuated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Accidental explosion at Northeaster Train Depot killed hundred of men, women, and children, who had gathered to look for food. What day did Union forces assume control of Charleston? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Feb 18, Name one of the few plantation houses to escape destruction during Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drayton Hall. Date that Lee surrenered at Appomattox? - CORRECT ANSWERS-April 9, 1865 what did major anderson do on april 14, 1865? - CORRECT ANSWERS-raised the same federal flag that he had to lower at ft sumter. pres lincoln shot on same day. pres jackson's reconstruction plan allowed only what people to vote for state constitutional convention delegates? - CORRECT ANSWERS-whites state legislatures passed black codes after civil war. what were they? - CORRECT ANSWERS-laws limiting freedom of future slaves. what did the reconstruction acts allow for the first time? - CORRECT ANSWERS- allowed blacks to hold office for the first time. began congressional reconstruction. also called radical reconstruction. who were carpetbaggers? - CORRECT ANSWERS-northern whites who came to the south after civil war. who were scalawags? - CORRECT ANSWERS-southern whites who supported republicans