Cheat Sheet in Creative Non-Fiction, Cheat Sheet of English

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CREATIVE NONFICTION

 Fact – the writing must be based o fact , rather than fiction. It cannot be made up.  Extensive Research – piece of writing is based on primary research , such as an interview or personal experience.  Reportage/reporting – writer must be able to document events or personal experiences.  Personal experience and personal opinion – writer includes personal experience, feelings, thoughts, and opinions.  Explanation/Exposition – writer is required to explain the personal experience or topic to the reader.  Essay Format – creative nonfiction is often written in essay form.  Character/s – characters are real people. In order to make the work relatable or empathetic.  Detail – provides pieces of information.  Dialogue – literary and theatrical form consisting of a written or spoken conservational exchange between two or more people.  Diction – is the writer’s choice of word.  Figurative Language – type of language that varies from the norms of literal language.  Flashback – a literary device in which an earlier or past event is inserted into present or the normal chronological order of a narrative.  Flash forward – is a literary device in which the plot goes ahead of time.  Foreshadowing – is a literary device in which a author hints certain plot developments that perhaps will come to be later in the story.  Imagery – refers to the “pictures” which we perceive with our mind’s eyes, ears, nose tongue, skin, and through which we experience the ”duplicate world” created by poetic language.  Motif – is any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present trough the entire body of literature.  Narrative – nonfiction writing usually follows a time line for a narrative that is either linear or non linear, depending on how the author tells the story. Order

- Arrangement of events in work literature. 1. Importance – use order of importance to rank details from least to most, or from most to least. 2. Chronological – use chronological order (time order) to arrange details in a story or process in the order in which they happened. 3. Problem – Solution – use problem solution order to explain a problem, outline a solution, or argue for or against a solution. 4. Comparison Contrast – use comparison contrast organization to show similarities and differences between two things. 5. Classification – use classification to break a subject into subgroups or categories. LITERARY GENRE  Creative nonfiction – writer writes about real people and events.  Journal – Personal Reflection  Personal Essay – personal experience that could be narrative expository, persuasive or descriptive.  Memoir – Personal Meaning and a universal truth.  Autobiography – writer composes his or her life story , from birth up to present using the word “I”.  Biography – writer writes about someone else life.  Literary Journalism – articles such as newspaper and magazine.  Trade Articles – about food, travel, hobbies, business and etc.  Nonfiction Novel – true story writer in the literary form of a novel.  New Journalism – new way of reporting facts vivid. PLOT AND PLOT STRUCTURE

Plot – refers to the series or sequence of events that give a story its meaning and effect. Parts of PLOT

1. Beginning – the story begins and characters are introduced.

2. Rising Action – something happens to make the story more interesting.
3. Climax – the most suspenseful part of the story.
4. Falling Action – the character has made has made decision about how to handle the problem. 5. End – the story concludes as the action comes to an end. Point of view – refers to the perspective from which a story is told. SETTING, SCENE AND ATMOSPHERE Setting – is the story’s time and place. The Fundamental Elements of Setting  Locale – this includes country, region, province, city, and town, barangay, as well as to more specific locales, such as a neighborhood, street, house or school.  Time of year – includes the seasons , but also encompasses holidays, such as Christmas, New Year’s Eve, and Halloween. Significant dates can also be used.  Time of day – scenes need to play out during various times or periods during a day or night , such as dawn or dusk.  Elapsed time – the minutes, hours, days, weeks and months a story encompasses must be somehow accounted for or the reader will feel confused in the story will suffer from lack of authenticity.  Mood and Atmosphere – characters and events are influenced by weather , temperature, lightning, and other tangible factors, which in turn influence the emotional timbre, mood, and atmosphere of a scene.  Climate – is linked to the geography and topography of a place, and, as in our real world , can influence events and people.  Geography – this refers to specific aspects of water, landforms, ecosystems and topography in your setting. It also includes climate, soil, plants, trees, rocks, and minerals, and soils.  Man made geography – readers want to visual evidence in a story world, and man-made geography is easily included to provide it. With this mind , make certain that your stories contain proof of the many footprints that people have left in its setting.  Eras of historical importance – important events, wars, or historical periods linked to the plot and theme might include the World Wars I & II.  Social/political/cultural environment – cultural, political and social influences can range widely and affect characters in many ways.  Population – Your stories need a specific, yet varied population that accurately reflects the place.  Ancestral influences – ancestral influences can be depicted in cuisine, dialogue, values, attitudes, and general outlook.  Style – refers to the language conventions used to construct the story.  Symbol – is a literary device that contains several layers of meaning. It is using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.  Theme – it is the central and unifying concept of the story.  Tone – the writer’s attitude toward his or her subject matter.  Figurative Language – is a type of language that varies from the norms of literal language , in which words mean exactly what they say for the sake of comparison, emphasis, clarity, or freshness.