Download CHEM 1030 FINAL CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLUTION and more Exams Chemical Kinetics in PDF only on Docsity!
CHEM 1030 FINAL CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLUTION
โ 3 types of bonds. Answer: metallic, ionic, covalent โ metallic bonds. Answer: formed between two metals "sea" of freely moving electrons valence e- delocalized โ ionic bonds. Answer: formed between a cation and anion electrons are transferred EN valuesare greater than or equal to 2 โ covalent bonds. Answer: share elections, (typically two nonmetals) โ electrostatic potential energy. Answer: strength of the ionic attraction โ polar covalent bonds. Answer: unequal sharing of electrons, EN value of .4- 2
โ nonpolar covalent bonds. Answer: equal sharing of electrons, EN less than or equal to. โ pure covalent. Answer: formed between 2 of the same atoms, EN difference equals 0 โ diatomic molecules. Answer: Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F โ H EN value. Answer: 2. โ B EN value. Answer: 2. โ C EN value. Answer: 2. โ N EN value. Answer: 3. โ O EN value. Answer: 3. โ F EN value. Answer: 4. โ P EN value. Answer: 2.
- โ S EN value. Answer: 2.
- โ Cl EN value. Answer: 3.
- โ Br EN value. Answer: 2.
- โ I EN value. Answer: 2.
- โ acetate. Answer: C2H3O2 -
- โ carbonate. Answer: CO3 -
- โ hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate). Answer: HCO3 -
- โ hydroxide. Answer: OH -
- โ nitrite. Answer: NO2 -
- โ nitrate. Answer: NO3 -
- โ chromate. Answer: CrO4 -
- โ dichromate. Answer: Cr2O7 -
- โ phosphate. Answer: PO4 -
- โ Hydrogen Phosphate. Answer: HPO4 -
- โ Dihydrogen Phosphate. Answer: H2PO4 -
- โ ammonium. Answer: NH4 +
- โ hypochlorite. Answer: ClO -
- โ chlorite. Answer: ClO2 -
- โ chlorate. Answer: ClO3 -
- โ Perchlorate. Answer: ClO4 -
- โ Permanganate. Answer: MnO4 -
- โ sulfite. Answer: SO3 -
โ hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite). Answer: HSO3 - 1 โ sulfate. Answer: SO4 - 2 โ hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate). Answer: HSO4 - 1 โ Cynaide. Answer: CN - 1 โ Peroxide. Answer: O2 2- โ fixed charged cations. Answer: group 1 metals, group 2 metals Zn+2 Ag+ Cd2+ Al3+ โ variable charged cations. Answer: roman numerals indicate the positive charge โ naming polyatomic ions. Answer: polyatomic ion will not change โ hydrates. Answer: prefixes + hydrate โ covalent compounds naming. Answer: two nonmetals prefix, change to - ide
โ nonelectrolytes. Answer: compounds that remain intact when dissolved โ electrolytes. Answer: compounds that dissociate into ions and conduct electricity โ strong electrolytes. Answer: any compound that completely dissociates when dissolved in water โ weak electrolytes. Answer: partially dissociate when dissolved in water โ soluble ions ALWAYS. Answer: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, C2H3O2- โ Cl- Br- and I- are soluble EXCEPT when paired with. Answer: Ag+ Hg2+2, Pb+ โ SO4- is soluble EXCEPT when paired with. Answer: Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Ca+ โ CO3 2- and PO4 3- are insoluble EXCEPT with. Answer: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+
โ OH- and S-2 are insoluble EXCEPT with. Answer: Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4+ โ S - 2 insoluble EXCEPT with. Answer: Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ โ OH- is insoluble except SLIGHTLY soluble with. Answer: Ca2+ Sr2+ or Ba2+ โ strong acids. Answer: HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO โ what is the most common weak base. Answer: Ammonia (NH3) โ Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. Answer: can be considered strong bases, but technically not fully soluble in H2O โ strong bases. Answer: group 1 Sr and Ba OH- โ oxidation. Answer: element loses electrons, and oxidation number increases โ reduction. Answer: gains electrons and oxidation number decreases
โ potential energy. Answer: is the kinetic energy stored in an object because of its position or composition โ law of conservation od energy. Answer: energy cannot be created or destroyed โ specific heat capacity. Answer: describe the amount of heat/ energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius โ smaller heat capacity. Answer: the quicker it will heat up โ endothermic. Answer: Absorbs heat (positive) โ exothermic. Answer: release energy (negative) โ solid to gas. Answer: endothermic โ gas to solid. Answer: exothermic โ intermolecular force. Answer: forces between two molecules
โ intramolecular force. Answer: forces that hold together atoms within a molecule (bonds) โ which is stronger, intra or inter. Answer: intramolecular โ
