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) JEE / CET / NEET ) SUBJECT- CHEMISTRY AMINES ¢ Secondary and tertiary amines are further classified as simple / symmetrical amines and mixed / unsymmetrical amines. ¢ When all the alkyl or aryl groups on nitrogen are same, it is a simple amine. If these groups are different, then the amine is a mixed amine. Types of amines tr Funetional group Examples ype ue Name Formula Formula Common Name Primary amine, (1°) Amino -NH, C,H.-NH, Ethylamine . . CH. . . Secondary amine, (2°) Imino >NH GH” Dimethylamine zt Tertia: om Tertiary amine, (3°) exnery 2 CH N Trimethylamine nitrogen CH 4 Nomenclature of Amines : CH, p-Toluidine 4-Methyloniline HN NH, 0) Cyclohexylamine Cyclohexanomine CH-NH, Benzylomine Phenylmethanamine en «: 4.Bromooniline or p-Bromoauuline HN 4 Bromobeuzenamine b, Secondary Amines CH, NH-CH, Dimethylamine NV-methylmethonomine CH-CH,NE-CH, Ettyluethylamine N-methyethonamine MECH, ; N-methylouline or 0 Mepte | aetyhevami CHEE, Diphenylomine }¥-Pheaylbenzenomine Preparation of Amines : * 1. By ammonolysis of alkyl halides : R-X +NH, (alc). +» R-NH, (excess) 1° amine ¢ 2. Reduction of nitrocompounds : * (Sn/HCI or Fe/HCI or Zn/ HCl) or catalytic hydrogenation (H2/Ni or Pt or Pd) or LiAIH4 in ether. RNO, + 6H] ES, RANE +2H0 ¢ 4. By reduction of amides : ¢ Primary amines having same number of carbon atoms can be obtained by the reduction of amides by LiAIH, in ether or by Na/C,H.OH. Hl LiAIH, / ether CH,-C-NH, + 4[H] or NaC HOH” CH,-CH,-NH, (Acetamide) a (Ethylamine) * 5. Gabriel panes *ynmes : Cpe Cros (Phihalisaide) (Potassium a of ; phthalimide) _ ° é ii. Cro6 RX “NL Cre & CL _ b O (N-Alkylphthalimide) . Cw oy one NoOH (on) + R-NH, C7 i" 88, (1° amine) (sodium a Chemical properties of amines ¢ 1. Alkylation of amines : Hofmann’s exhaustive alkylation : * When a primary amine is heated with excess of primary alkyl halide it gives a mixture of secondary amine, tertiary amine along with tetraalkylammonium halide R-NH, 8X» R.NH 8X> RN 8X» R.NX® (1° Amine) (2° Amine) (3° Amine) (Tetraalkyl ] ammonium halide) 2. Acylation of amines : Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines undergo acylation reaction. These amines contain replaceable hydrogen atoms atom. These hydrogen atoms are replaced by acyl groups such as acetyl group. On reaction of amines with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride, acetyl derivative of amine is obtained. It is also called amide. The reaction is carried out in presence of strong base like pyridine, which neutralizes the acid produced during the reaction. 
