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SUBMITTED TO – MR. B.K TIWARI SIR MADE BY-

RAHUL TRIPATHI CLASS – XII ROLL NO – 34 P.O – VIDUTNAGAR PIN – 224238

WHAT IS DRUG??

Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention,

diagnosis, all aviation or treatment of a disease is called a drug.

A drug may also be defined as a chemical which, when taken in

some way after the body function. Drug is also known as a

medicine. Generally, the term drugs applied to any stimulating

or depressing substance that can be habituating or addictive.

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

Meaning of addiction 1

Classification of drugs 2

Structure of some mentioned drugs 3 and 4

Combination of drugs and alcohols 5

How drug addiction begins 6

taking drugs without medical advise due to one reason or the

other and become drugs dependent.

TYPE OF DRUGS EXAMPLES EFFECTS

1. Sedatives and Tranquillizers

Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines

Depress CNS activity give feeling of calmness, relaxation, drowsiness.

2. Opiate Narcotics Opium, morphine, codeine, heroin

Suppress brain activity,

relaxed pain.

3.Stimulants Amphetamines, Caffeine, cocaine

Make a person more wakeful, alert and active, cause excitement.

4.Hallucinogens LSQ, Mescalin, psilocybin, Ganja, chares, Hashish

Alter thoughts, feeling and perceptions.

1. (^) Sedatives and Tranquillizers :-

Barbiturates Benzodiazepines

2. Opiate Narcotics:-

MORPHINE CODEINE

HEROIN 3

3.Stimulants :-

alcohol are taken together, each doubles the effect of the other.

A mixture of cocaine and heroin called speed ball, gives

spontaneous kick of cocaine and prolonged pleasure of heroin.

Combination Effect

1. Alcohol + Barbiturates. Markedly increased depressant effect.
2. Alcohol + Antihistamines. Marked drowsiness.
3. Alcohol + Valium. Dramatically increases sedative effect.
4. Alcohol + Marijuana or Hashish. Decreased coordination increased reaction time impaired judgement.
5. Alcohol + Aspirin. Increased changes of damage to gastric mucosa.

How drug addiction Begins?

There are many factors that lead people to drug addiction.

1. Curiosity : Frequent references to drugs by public media create curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs. 2. Friend’s pressure : Frequent appreciation of drug experience by friends allures others to start the use of drugs. 3. Frustration and Depression : Some people start taking drugs to get relief from frustration and depression. 4. Desire for More Work : Students sometimes take drugs to keep awake the whole night to prepare for examination. It is not desirable as it may cause mental breakdown. 5. Looking for a Different World : A wrong notion that the drugs open up a new world tempts some young octers to start taking-drugs.

6. Relief from Pain : A prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs with physician’s advise at times leads to addiction. 7. Family History : Children may take to drugs by seeing their elders in the family. 8. Excitement and Adventure : The young take to drugs to satisfy their instinct for excitement and adventure.

Social Disease - Smoking, Drinking and Use of Drugs

Smoking and drinking and use of drugs frequently or regularly

are social diseases. They adversely affect the health of the

addicts and the society. Young people take to these habits for

fun, show off or curiosity, as an adventure or feeling of freedom,

or as a gesture of defiance against the elders who themselves

indulge in these activities but check the youngsters. Other

factors that make people take to these vices are inability to face

problems of life indifference shown by members of the family,

and encouragement or pressure by friends. Temporary escape

from the life problems and mental relaxation felt on taking the

drugs in the beginning increase persons interest in them. Soon

they become habitual and find in difficult to leave. The daily

dose to get the desired effect increases with time.

As in other countries, the menace of drug addiction is spreading

in India also. A large number of our young men and women

have taken to intoxicants. About 87.6 per cent drug addicts are

between the ages of 14 and 25 years.

Other Effects :

(i) Smoking effects economy :

A smoker not only waste money, but also runs risk of burns and fires.

(ii) Smoking mars personality :

Teeth may become stained. Lips may get discoloured and breath becomes foul. A person with a cigarette hanging from the mouth look odd.

(iii) Smoking is annoying to others :

Cigarette smoke is quite annoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful to them. A smoker should avoid smoking. When in the company of non smokers. A smoker makes the person nearby persons passive smokers through inhaling smoke released by him.

Alcohol

Sources :

Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colourness liquid having a penetrating odour and burning taste. It is one of the products of the distillation of fermented grains, fruit juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It is the principal constituent and the in toxicating principle of wines.

Modes of Use :

Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy and wine and in relatively high concentration as arrack, brandy, whisky, rum, gin, vodka etc.

Addition :

Addition to alcohol is called alcoholism. Alcoholics are found in all society section of society. Alcohol causes intoxication and thus, acts as a poison. They drinkers begin with small doses, but may of them soon start consuming large doses and become addicts. By the time they realize that drinking in adversely affecting them, it is too late to give it up.

Why People Take to Drinking :

The drinkers offer one or more of the following reasons for starting drinking.(i) Social pressure (ii) desire for excitement (iii) feeling of independence (iv) Liking of taste (v) desire to escape from such realities of life as disappointments and failures and (vi) desire to offset the hardships and monotony of daily life.

What Happens when Alcohol gets in stomach :

Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and upper part of small intestine and reaches all the tissues in minutes. Its oxidation starts at once and a large amount of heat in produced. Since heat is not needed in the body, it is taken up by the blood and carried to the skin for dissipation. Since the receptors of heat are located in the skin, the rush of blood to the skin gives a false impression of warmth in the body. The blood supply of internal organs is greatly reduced resulting in fall of temperature in them. Energy released by alcohol is not used in any life process. Rather the energy derived from food is used up in ridding the body of excess heat

10

To make this project we have taken source from a book

“CHEMISTRY ABC” and “CHEMISTRY NCERT”. I

have taken help of internet also.

And taken help of our chemistry teacher Mr. B.K Tiwari

sir.