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CHM 103 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT
Q: In which physical state does water exhibit its maximum density? a. Solid (ice) b. Liquid form c. Gaseous state (vapor) d. Both b and c are equal A: ✔️ ✔️ b. Liquid water (Unlike most substances, water is most dense at $4^\circ\text{C}$ in its liquid state rather than as a solid.)
Q: Which of the following descriptions accurately defines specific gravity? a. It is the ratio of water's density to the substance's density b. It is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of water c. The standard unit is measured in g/mL d. It is a dimensionless value (has no units) e. Both b and d are true A: ✔️ ✔️ e. Both b and d (Specific gravity compares a material to water and, because it is a ratio of identical units, the units cancel out.)
Q: Which of these statements regarding significant figures is INCORRECT? a. Zeros located between two non-zero digits are always significant b. Zeros acting merely as placeholders are considered significant c. Numbers found in the coefficient of scientific notation are significant d. Zeros at the conclusion of a decimal number are significant A: ✔️ ✔️ b. A number is significant if it is a placeholder zero (Placeholder zeros, such as those in 0.005 or 500, are not significant; they only indicate the position of the decimal point.)
in which set(s) do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures?
a) 102.10 and 102.
b) 500.0 and 5.01 x 10^ c) 0.0000105 and 150000 d) 3.90 x 10^3 and 0.310 - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
which of the following statements best describes the atomic number and atomic mass number?
a) atomic number is number of protons and atomic mass number is number of neutrons b) atomic number is number of electrons and atomic mass number is number of neutrons and number of electrons c) atomic number and atomic mass number tell what can and cannot move in an atom d) atomic number is always higher than atomic mass number for an atom e) you obtain the atomic mass number by adding the number of neutrons to the atomic number - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
a radioactive substance produces alpha, beta and gamma rays. What are beta particles?
a) they are similar to the X-rays b) they are the nucleus of Helium without the electrons c) beta particles denote the nucleus of an atom d) they are the fast-moving electrons emitted by the radioactive decay of the substance - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
which of the following statements is true for metalloids?
a) their properties are similar to metals b) they are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table c) they are used as semiconductors and insulators d) they are shiny and ductile e) both b &c - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
which species below is the nitride ion?
a) Na+ b) NO3-
the correct formula of iron (III) bromide is _____.
a) FeBr b) FeBr c) FeBr d) Fe3Br e) Fe3Br - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
which two elements have the same ground-state electron configuration?
a) Li and Ca b) Cl and Na c) Fe and Cu d) Cl and Ar e) no two elements - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
the __ subshell contains five orbitals
a) g b) f c) s d) d e) p - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
which is the definition of an isotope?
a) isotopes have the same number of protons b) they have the same number of electrons and protons but different number of neutrons c) they have the same number of neutrons d) they have a different number of electrons and neutrons - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
a compound has a formula mass of 61.98 amu and is comprised of atoms of sodium and oxygen in a definite ratio. The name of the compound described here is:
a) sodium monoxide b) disodium oxide
c) sodium oxide d) sodium dioxide e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
what is the formula of the compound formed from lithium and nitrogen?
a) LiN b) Li2N c) Li3N d) Li3N e) LiN - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
electronegativity is a concept that is useful along with other concepts in
a) predicting the polarity of a bond b) deciding how many electrons are involved in a bond c) knowing how strongly the electrons are attracted by an atom in a bond d) determining the charge of a polyatomic ion e) both A and C - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
name the following polyatomic ions in their listed order: OH-, CO3(2-), and PO4(3-)
a) hydroxide ion, carbonate ion, phosphate ion b) oxide ion, carbonate ion, phosphate ion c) hydroxide ion, carbonate ion, phosphite ion d) hydroxide ion, carbonite ion, phosphate ion e) oxide ion, carbonate ion, phosphite ion - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
what is the correct formula for dinitrogen tetrahydride?
a) N2H b) N2H c) N2H d) Ni2H e) N2OH4 - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
Predict the best answer for the following three statements: Number of electrons in the Lewis structure for PH
a) acids have a slippery feel b) acids have a sour taste c) acids turn litmus paper red d) acids dissolve many metals e) all of the above are properties of acids - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
which of the following compounds is SOLUBLE?
a) copper carbonate b) calcium carbonate c) potassium carbonate d) strontium carbonate e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
all of the following compounds are soluble in water EXCEPT:
a) NaCl b) CaCl c) FeCl d) NH4Cl e) PbCl2 - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base is:
a) a proton donor b) a proton acceptor c) produces H+ in a solution d) produces OH- in a solution e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
which of the following is not an acid-base conjugate pair?
a) H2CO3 and HCO3- b) H2O and OH- c) H2S and OH- d) NH4+ and NH e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
which of the following statements about water are true?
a) water can act as an acid b) water can act as a base c) the conjugate base of water is OH- d) the conjugate acid of water is H3O+ e) all of the above are true - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) the properties of a compound are an average of the properties of the individual elements b) although some substances we encounter in our routine lives are elements, most occur in the combined state c) ionization energy and electron affinity generally decrease from top to bottom in the group of the periodic table d) the ratio in a chemical formula is a ratio of atoms, not a ratio of masses - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
what is the value of the ion product constant for water (Kw)?
a) 0. b) 1.0 x 10^- 7 c) 1.0 x 10^- 14 d) 1.0 x 10^ e) 1.0 x 10^7 - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
The pH of a solution is 5.00. Which of the following is TRUE about the solution?
a) its [H3O+] is 1.0 x 10^-9 M b) its [H3O+] is 1.0 x 10^-5 M c) its [H3O+] is 1.0 x 10^5 M d) it is more acidic than the solution whose pH is 4. e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
a buffer solution is all of the following EXCEPT:
a) a solution that resists a change in pH when a base is added
e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
when a reaction system is at equilibrium
a) there is no more chemistry happening b) the amounts of reactants and products are exactly equal c) the reaction rate in the forward direction is at a maximum d) the reaction rate in the reverse direction is at a minimum e) the rates of the reaction in the forward and reverse directions are exactly equal - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
the position of the equilibrium for a system where, K = 3.6 x 10^-9 can be described as being favored to _______; the concentration of products is relatively _____.
a) the right; large b) the right; small c) the left; large d) the left; small e) neither direction; large - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
if we add CO2 to the following equation, CO + H2O + heat <--> CO2 + H2, which way will the equilibrium shift?
a) to the left b) no effect c) to the right d) not enough information - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
when a liquid sample is taken from sea level to a higher elevation, what happens to the external (atmospheric) pressure on the liquid and the boiling point of the liquid
a) both decrease b) both increase c) pressure goes down but boiling point goes up d) pressure goes up but boiling point goes down - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
the amount of energy associated with changing a liquid into a gas is called the
a) heat of vaporization b) heat of fusion c) heat of combustion d) joule e) calorie - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
which of the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory best explains the observation that a gas can be compressed?
a) the velocity of gas molecules is proportional to their Kelvin temperature b) the amount of space occupied by a gas is much greater than the space occupied by the actual gas molecules c) gas molecules move at random with no attractive forces between them d) in collisions with the walls of the container or with other molecules, energy is conserved e) collisions with the walls of the container or with other molecules are elastic - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
arrange the following in order of increasing intermolecular forces: H CH3CH2OH CO HCL
a) H2 < CO2 < HCl < CH3CH2OH b) CH3CH2OH < HCl < H2 < CO c) CH3CH2OH < HCl < CO2 < H d) HCl < CH3CH2OH < H2 < CO e) H2 < CO2 < CH3CH2OH < HCl - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
which process is endothermic?
a) water condenses on the outside of a cold soda can b) the melted wax hardens after a candle is extinguished c) water vapor forms ice crystals in the upper atmosphere d) gasoline spilled on the ground evaporates very quickly e) none of the above - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: Br-Br - ANSWER ✔️✔️ nonpolar covalent
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: O-H - ANSWER ✔️✔️ polar covalent
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: C-H - ANSWER ✔️✔️ nonpolar covalent
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: H-Br - ANSWER ✔️✔️ polar covalent
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: Al-Cl - ANSWER ✔️✔️ ionic
classify the following bond as an ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bond: O=O - ANSWER ✔️✔️ nonpolar covalent
which of the following statements concerning double covalent bonds is correct?
a) they are found only in molecules that contain S or O b) they are found only in molecules that contain a coordinate covalent bond c) they only occur between atoms containing 4 valence electrons d) they always involve the sharing of 2 electron pairs - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
which of the following statements contrasting covalent bonds and ionic bonds is correct?
a) covalent bonds usually involves two nonmetals and ionic bonds usually involve two metals b) covalent bonds usually involve two metals and ionic bonds usually involve a metal and a nonmetal
c) covalent bonds usually involve a metal and a nonmetal and ionic bonds usually involve two nonmetals d) covalent bonds usually involve two nonmetals and ionic bonds usually involve a metal and a nonmetal - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
for which of the following pairs of elements would the compound formed between them most likely be a molecular compound?
a) Na and Cl b) Ca and O c) N and S d) K and F - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
which of the following sets of elements is arranged in order of decreasing electronegativity?
a) Cl, S, and Se b) F, B, O c) Br, Cl, S d) Be, C, N - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
based on the electronegativities K = 0.8, H = 2.1, Br = 2.8, which of the following statements is true?
a) H2, Br2, and HBr are nonpolar covalent molecules b) KBr is a nonpolar covalent compound and HBr is an ionic compound c) HBr is a nonpolar covalent compound and Br2 is a polar covalent molecule d) H2 is a nonpolar covalent molecule and HBr is a polar covalent molecule - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
predict the formula of the ionic compound that forms from Calcium and Flourine
a) CaF b) C2F c) Ca2F d) Ca2F e) Ca3F2 - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
the scientific principle which explains the observation that the amount of heat transfer accompanying a change in one direction is numerically equal but opposite in sign to the amount of heat transfer in the opposite direction is
a) the Law of Conservation of Energy b) the Law of Conservation of Mass c) the Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy d) the Law of Definite Proportions - ANSWER ✔️✔️ a
all of the statements regarding the symbol "delta H" are correct except it
a) represents the difference between the energy used in breaking bonds and the energy released in forming bonds in a chemical reaction b) can be called heat of reaction c) can be called enthalpy change d) can be called entropy change e) has a negative value for an exothermic reaction - ANSWER ✔️✔️ d
based on the bond energies given for each of the following which is most stable?
a) O=O - > 498 kJ/mol b) C=O - > 745 kJ/mol c) C=C - > 614 kJ/mol d) C---C - > 839 kJ/mol e) N---N - > 946 kJ/mol - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
all of the statements regarding the symbol delta G are true except it
a) refers to the free energy of the reaction b) allows us to predict the spontaneity of a reaction c) allows us to identify an exothermic reaction d) allows us to identify an endergonic reaction e) describes the effect of both enthalpy and entropy on a reaction - ANSWER ✔️✔️ c
A solid sample at room temperature spontaneously sublimes forming a gas. This change in state is accompanied by which of the changes in the sample?
a) entropy and energy decrease b) entropy and energy increases c) entropy decreases and energy increases d) entropy increases and energy decreases - ANSWER ✔️✔️ b
all of the statements are true for spontaneous reactions except
a) the value of delta G is less than zero b) the value of delta G is unaffected by a catalyst c) they are said to be exergonic d) if the enthalpy change is unfavorable, they occur at a high temperature e) the reaction is determined by the value of delta G - ANSWER ✔️✔️ e
