CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Chronic Renal Failure (CKD) โ Introduction
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), also called Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), is a long-
term condition in which the kidneys slowly lose their ability to work properly
over months or years. Kidneys normally remove waste products, maintain fluid
balance, and control electrolytes. In CKD, these functions gradually decrease,
leading to accumulation of toxins in the body (uremia). The disease is usually
permanent and progressive. If not treated, it can lead to End-Stage Renal
Disease (ESRD), where dialysis or kidney transplant becomes necessary. The most
common causes are diabetes and high blood pressure.
Stages of CKD
Stage 1 (Kidney damage with normal function)
โข GFR โฅ90 mL/min
โข No symptoms
โข Protein may be present in urine
Stage 2 (Mild decrease in function)
