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ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number Unit 16: Cloud computing Assignment title Cloud Computing Solutions Academic Year 2021 – 2022 Unit Tutor Ho Hai Van Issue date Submission date IV name and date Submission Format: Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference follows Harvard referencing system. Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures. LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and validate their use. Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Scenario
ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The company has the revenue over 700.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store transactions for that shop only. Each shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and the board director need lots of time to summarize the data collected from all the shops. Besides the board can’t see the stock information update in real time. The table of contents in your technical report should be as follows:
- As a developer, explain to the board director the fundamentals of cloud computing and how it is popular nowadays (about 2500 words)
- Proposed solution (higher level solution description – around 700 words) and explain the appropriateness of the solution for the scenario (about 400 words with images and diagrams) which might include: a. Architectural design (architectural diagram and description). b. Detailed design: i. Deployment model (discussion on why that model was chosen). ii. Service model (discussion on why that model was chosen). iii. Programming language/ webserver/database server chosen.
- Summary. General guidelines:
- Instead of providing definitions but also provide with examples.
- Provide more own arguments instead of definitions
- Making use of academic references instead of web tutorials
- For a cloud architecture look at the bottom of this document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Introduction
- P1. ANALYZE THE EVOLUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
- History of Cloud computing
- Fundamental concepts of Cloud computing
- 2.1 What is Cloud computing?
- 2.2 Benefits of Cloud computing.
- 2.3 Type of Cloud computing.
- P2 DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURAL CLOUD COMPUTING FRAMEWORK FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO:
- Cloud Architecture:
- 1.1. Front-end Architecture:
- 1.2. Back-end Architecture:
- ATN Company Problem:
- ATN Cloud Architecture:
- 3.1. ATN Cloud Diagram:
- 3.2. Explain the model of ATN’s cloud computing:
- 3.3. Component of ATN to build cloud:
- P3 DEFINE AN APPROPRIATE DEPLOYMENT MODEL FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO:
- Four Development Model:
- Development model for ATN company:
- P4 COMPARE THE SERVICE MODELS FOR CHOOSING AN ADEQUATE MODEL FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO :
- 1 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
- 1.1. SaaS delivery
- 1.2. Characteristics of SaaS
- 1.3. When to use SaaS?
- 1.4. How does software as a service work?........................................................................................................
- 1.5. SaaS advantages
- 1 .6. Disadvantages of SaaS
- 1.6. SaaS vendors and examples.........................................................................................................................
- Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
- 2.1 PaaS delivery
- 2.2 When to use PaaS?
- 2 .3. Characteristics
- 2.3 PaaS benefits
- 2.4 PaaS disadvantages......................................................................................................................................
- 2.5 PaaS examples: Products and vendors
- 3 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- 3.1 IaaS delivery
- 3.2 How does IaaS work?
- 3.3 Characteristics of IaaS..................................................................................................................................
- 3.4 When to use IaaS?
- 3.5 IaaS advantages
- 3.6 IaaS disadvantages.......................................................................................................................................
- 3.7 example
- 4 Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.
- 4.1 Compare the service model’s table:
- 4.2 Choosing an adequate model for ATN
- References
At around in 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold like a utility, just like a water or electricity. It was a brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it was ahead if its time, as for the next few decades, despite interest in the model, the technology simply was not ready for it. But of course, time has passed, and the technology caught that idea and after few years we mentioned that:
- In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a simple website. The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream of computing sold as utility were true.
- In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation, and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed.
- In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications. 2. Fundamental concepts of Cloud computing 2.1 What is Cloud computing? Cloud computing is a term used to describe the delivery of on-demand computing resources—hardware, storage, databases, networking, and software—to businesses and individuals via a network (usually the internet). Cloud computing enables organizations to access and store information without managing their own physical devices or IT infrastructure. 2.2 Benefits of Cloud computing.
- Scalability And Flexibility: Cloud computing gives your business more flexibility. You can quickly scale resources and storage up to meet business demands without having to invest in physical infrastructure. Companies don’t need to pay for or build the infrastructure needed to support their highest load levels. Likewise, they can quickly scale down if resources aren’t being used.
- Cost savings: Whatever cloud service model you choose, you only pay for the resources you use. This helps you avoid overbuilding and overprovisioning your data center and gives your IT teams back valuable time to focus on more strategic work.
- Better collaboration: Cloud storage enables you to make data available anywhere you are, anytime you need it. Instead of being tied to a location or specific device, people can access data from anywhere in the world from any device—if they have an internet connection.
- Advanced security: Despite popular perceptions, cloud computing can strengthen your security posture because of the depth and breadth of security features, automatic maintenance, and centralized management.
- Data loss prevention: Cloud providers offer backup and disaster recovery features. Storing data in the cloud rather than locally can help prevent data loss in the event of an emergency, such as hardware malfunction, malicious threats, or even simple user error. 2.3 Type of Cloud computing.
- Public Cloud As the name indicates, it is a cloud platform that is visible and accessible to anyone. There is no end - user owning the cloud infrastructure as it gets created by a third party. Some renowned public cloud providers are Alibaba, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and IBM cloud. Initially, the public clouds operated off - premises, but with technological advancements, these service providers started offering the on - premises services, supporting all the hardware and software components associated with the virtual network.
- Private Cloud Private clouds are for a small group of professionals or a specific company. Any cloud platform having limited access and is restricted to use by anyone outside the organization falls into this category. It offers all the cloud benefits, like scalability, security, ease of service delivery, and more in on - premises infrastructure. Most companies prefer the private cloud network as it is more reliable and lets them m anage their regulatory compliance requirements.
- Hybrid Cloud It is a cloud environment created from different setups connected to get the desired cloud model. The combination can be two or multiple public clouds, at least one public or private network, tw o or multiple
In SaaS service, the user connects to the service provider over the web on a subscription basis. Whether the software tools or hardware components, the service provider hosts and manages the application. Other than this, even the security issues and timely upgrades get better dealt with by the service provider, and the users only must state their requirements. There is no need to install an app or manage things through dashboard access or API. SaaS allows users to connect over the internet through a w eb browser using their phone, desktop, or other digital devices. P2 DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURAL CLOUD COMPUTING FRAMEWORK FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO:
1. Cloud Architecture: Cloud computing model includes front end and back end. These two components are connected through a network, in most cases the Internet. The front end is the vehicle through which the user interacts with the system; The back part is the cloud. The front end consists of a business computer or network and the applications used to access the cloud. The back end provides applications, computers, servers, and data storage to create a cloud of services. 1.1. Front-end Architecture: The front-end infrastructure includes everything that the end-user interacts with. It is the broader assimilation of various sub-components that together offer the user interface. And it forms an essential part of how the end-user connects to the cloud computing infrastructure. The front-end cloud infrastructure includes components like local networks, web browsers, and web applications. The main front-end cloud components are described below:
- User Interface: The user interface refers to all the things that end-user access to send requests or perform any task on the Cloud. Some of the popular cloud-based user interfaces are Google Docs, Gmail, etc.
- Software: The software architecture in the front end is the software that runs on the user’s end. Frontend software architecture primarily comprises client-side applications or browsers.
- Client Device or Network: Being a crucial part of the frontend architecture, the Client Device or Network refers to the hardware at the end user’s side. It can be any input device or PC. In cloud computing, the client-side device doesn’t require extraordinary ability to process the heavy load. The cloud can take an entire heavy load and processes the same. 1.2. Back-end Architecture: The backend architecture in the cloud empowers the frontend architecture. It comprises hardware & storage and they are located on a remote server. The cloud service provider controls and handles this backend cloud architecture. Ideal backend cloud architecture always should be robust as it holds the whole infrastructure on the cloud. The prime components of backend cloud architecture are:
- Application: The Application is a substantial part of the backend architecture. It refers to the user interface that the backend offers to the end-user to send queries. This layer of the backend takes care of the client’s requests and requirements.
- Service: This is a magical area of the backend cloud architecture. It adds utility to the entire backend architecture. The service handles every task that runs on the cloud computing system. Some of the cloud services are application development environment, storage, and web services. Besides, the service can execute a wide array of tasks on the cloud runtime.
- Cloud Runtime: The term ‘Cloud Runtime’ is the concept where the services run. It’s like a cloud operating system where technology like virtualization is used. Virtualization is a key technology on the cloud which allows multiple runtimes on the same server. For instance, virtualization is a way via which we can create a base of software. In simple words, it’s the virtual representation of apps, servers, storage as well as networks. When we create runtimes with the support of virtualization software, they are called Hypervisors. Some of the leading hypervisors are Oracle Virtual Box, Oracle VM for x86, VMWare Fusion, etc.
- Storage: Storage in the cloud is where the data resides in a cloud application. The data storage varies as per different cloud service providers. However, all of them have a common dedicated segment for cloud storage. Some examples of storage are solid-state drives, hard drives, Intel Optane DC
3.1. ATN Cloud Diagram: 3.2. Explain the model of ATN’s cloud computing: Based on the ATN scenario, we create cloud architecture to address the company's current problems.
- The shop manager edits, adds, and deletes data using their own interface every day before sending it to a private cloud for archiving.
- The private cloud is deployed and managed by a third-party company.
- We also have another server at the top of the company to act as a backup for all the data from a private cloud.
- The databases and systems under observation can be updated, compressed, and deleted using separate interfaces for the Boss and the maintenance team. 3.3. Component of ATN to build cloud: The MySQL server and NodeJS technologies were used to build the database for the Cloud of ATN business concept.
Then, we execute the dev and full Web site queries at the local host. We then use PaaS Heroku to launch our website on the internet before distributing it to users. P3 DEFINE AN APPROPRIATE DEPLOYMENT MODEL FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO:
1. Four Development Model: This is four development models of Cloud Computing. Compare four Cloud Development model: Public Private Community Hybrid Ease of setup and use Easy Requires IT proficiency Requires IT proficiency Requires IT proficiency Data security and privacy Low High Requires IT proficiency High Data control Little to none High Comparatively high Comparatively high Reliability Vulnerable High Comparatively high High Scalability and flexibility High High Fixed capacity High Cost-effectiveness The cheapest one Cost-intensive, the most expensive one Cost is shared among community members Cheaper than a private model but more costly than a public one
1.3. When to use SaaS? SaaS is ideal for small companies or startups that don’t have the capacity to develop their own software applications. From e-commerce to short-term projects, SaaS is the quickest and easiest solution if you don’t need highly customized applications. SaaS is also a great option for applications that are not used very often, e.g., tax software. 1.4. How does software as a service work? SaaS works through the cloud delivery model. A software provider will either host the application and related data using its own servers, databases, networking and computing resources, or it may be an ISV that contracts a cloud provider to host the application in the provider's data center. The application will be accessible to any device with a network connection. SaaS applications are typically accessed via web browsers. As a result, companies using SaaS applications are not tasked with the setup and maintenance of the software. Users simply pay a subscription fee to gain access to the software, which is a ready-made solution. SaaS is closely related to the application service provider (ASP) and on-demand computing software delivery models where the provider hosts the customer's software and delivers it to approved end users over the internet. In the software-on-demand SaaS model, the provider gives customers network-based access to a single copy of an application that the provider created specifically for SaaS distribution. The application's source code is the same for all customers, and when new features or functionalities are released, they are rolled out to all customers. Depending on the service-level agreement (SLA), the customer's data for each model may be stored locally, in the cloud or both locally and in the cloud. Organizations can integrate SaaS applications with other software using application programming interfaces (APIs). For example, a business can write its own software tools and use the SaaS provider's APIs to integrate those tools with the SaaS offering. 1.5. SaaS advantages SaaS removes the need for organizations to install and run applications on their own computers or in their own data centers. This eliminates the expense of hardware acquisition, provisioning and maintenance, as well as software licensing, installation and support. Other benefits of the SaaS model include:
- Flexible payments. Rather than purchasing software to install, or additional hardware to support it, customers subscribe to a SaaS offering. Transitioning costs to a recurring operating expense allows many businesses to exercise better and more predictable budgeting. Users can also terminate SaaS offerings at any time to stop those recurring costs.
- Scalable usage. Cloud services like SaaS offer high Vertical scalability, which gives customers the option to access more or fewer services or features on demand.
- Automatic updates. Rather than purchasing new software, customers can rely on a SaaS provider to automatically perform updates and patch management. This further reduces the burden on in-house IT staff.
- Accessibility and persistence. Since SaaS vendors deliver applications over the internet, users can access them from any internet-enabled device and location.
- Customization. SaaS applications are often customizable and can be integrated with other business applications, especially across applications from a common software provider. 1 .6. Disadvantages of SaaS Though using software as a service looks to be a very viable option for most of the businesses, there are some downsides too which need to be considered. We have listed some of the cons of SaaS development here :
- Insufficient Data Security This is one of the top concerns for companies who are looking to opt for a SaaS-based application model. Issues such as identity and access management need to be addressed before trusting any third party service provide with your company's sensitive data. Particularly in the case of accessibility from a mobile device, strict measures need to be taken before any kind of sensitive data is divulged to the service provider.
- Difficulty with Regulations Compliance When your business critical data is stored in the service provider's data center, it is difficult to comply with the government's data protection regulations. Your company will need to learn which rules apply to your business, ask the right questions from your service provider, and address any kind of inconsistencies in the process.
2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) PaaS stands for Platform-as-a-Service. The platform that can be accessed through the internet provides developers with a framework and tools to build apps and software that are tailored to the organization’s individual needs. PaaS can be seen as a scaled-down version of IaaS. Just like IaaS, the customers have access to servers and data centers which are maintained and managed by the third-party provider. However, they mainly use PaaS for building custom SaaS applications. 2.1 PaaS delivery PaaS delivery can be compared to the way SaaS is delivered. The only difference is that customers don’t access online software, but an online platform for the creation of software. And since tools and environment are ready-to-use, software engineers and developers can concentrate on building applications without having to worry about other components like operation systems, storage, and infrastructure. 2.2 When to use PaaS? There are several situations when a Platform-as-a-Service would be a good idea. For example, if you have several developers working on the same development project, PaaS is a great way to streamline workflows. You can even include other vendors and stay flexible during the entire process. PaaS is also the way to go if your organization requires customized applications that need to be developed and deployed in a short amount of time. 2 .3. Characteristics Here are the characteristics of PaaS service model:
- PaaS offers browser-based development environment. It allows the developer to create database and edit the application code either via Application Programming Interface or point- and-click tools.
- PaaS provides built-in security, scalability, and web service interfaces.
- PaaS provides built-in tools for defining workflow, approval processes, and business rules.
- It is easy to integrate PaaS with other applications on the same platform.
- PaaS also provides web services interfaces that allow us to connect the applications outside the platform. 2.3 PaaS benefits Below are a few of the biggest benefits that speak for adopting PaaS as a cloud computing model.
- Cost-reduction: PaaS is a simple, cost-effective way to quickly develop and deploy new apps.
- Scalability: PaaS service models can easily be adjusted to a developer’s needs.
- Migration: With PaaS, it’s easy to migrate to a hybrid cloud model.
- Less coding: Your developer teams have to do a lot less coding than before.
- Freedom: PaaS frees up time as developers can customize apps without having to maintain the software. 2.4 PaaS disadvantages Not surprisingly, there are also some drawbacks that you need to be aware of before subscribing to a PaaS cloud computing model.
- Data security: Using third-party vendor-controlled servers means that there are various security risks to look out for.
- Runtime issues: Some PaaS solutions are not optimized for the language or framework that your development teams are used to.
- Integrations: You might encounter some challenges with integrating new applications as not every component of your legacy IT system is built for the cloud.
- Limitations: Customized cloud operations tend to have automated workflows that might not be compatible with PaaS solutions, thus limiting operational capabilities for your end-user. https://www.leanix.net/en/wiki/saas/iaas-vs-paas-vs-saas 2.5 PaaS examples: Products and vendors That supply the tools and services needed to build enterprise applications and integrations in the cloud. The following are some of the leading providers and platforms:
