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CMN 3 Midterm
____________ includes words and noises (random sounds), hand gestures, body movements - correct answer verbal communication tone of voice and speed of talking are nonverbal ____________ - correct answer paralanguage ____________ is a system of symbols that we use to think and communicate - correct answer language ____________ is the meaning of words and meaning within sentences - correct answer semantics ____________ considers context in which words are used - correct answer pragmatics we need ____________, ____________, and ____________ to correctly use a language - correct answer semantics, pragmatics, grammar words can have multiple meanings: ____________ and ____________ - correct answer denotative, connotative ____________ meaning of a word is the commonly accepted definition - correct answer denotative ("my ex is a dog") ____________ meaning of a word is the emotional or attitude response people have toward a word - correct answer connotative (i.e. hating the word school because it sucks) language works on various levels of ____________ - correct answer abstractions lower abstractions provide ____________ - correct answer clarity
higher abstractions cause ____________ - correct answer strategic ambiguity abstract language includes: ____________, ____________, and ____________ - correct answer evasion, equivocation, euphemisms ____________ is abstract language that allows speaker to avoid providing specific details - correct answer evasion (i.e. saying "ill be out with my friends" to parents instead of saying "ill be getting drunk with my friends at a party") ____________ is abstract language that uses words that have unclear or misleading definitions and allows speaker to avoid uncomfortable situations - correct answer equivocation (i.e. "do you like my haircut?" "it's very fashionable") ____________ is abstract language in which inoffensive words or phrases that substitute for potentially upsetting terms - correct answer euphemisms (i.e. "a loved one passed away") use strategic ambiguity to
- promote ____________
- soften ____________
- make a point ____________ - correct answer harmony, difficult messages, indirectly abstract language can offer information about ____________ and ____________ - correct answer affiliations, memberships ____________ is abstract language with group identification - correct answer slang ("hella" northern California) ____________ is abstract language that is technical and is specific to professions or interest groups - correct answer jargon
(i.e. labels like girlfriend or boss create relational context) the sapir-whorf hypothesis states that the words a ____________ uses or does not use influences ____________ - correct answer culture, thinking language influences or determines how we see ____________ - correct answer the world (i.e. masculine or feminine words in spanish) ____________ primarily see conversations as closeness and connection - correct answer women ____________ see talk as more of a struggle fro control, independence and hierarchy - correct answer men when status is equal men interrupt women ____________ than women interrupt men - correct answer more ____________ use more intensifiers, qualifiers, hedges, disclaimers, tag questions, indirect - correct answer women ____________ heighten or intensify topics - correct answer intensifiers (i.e. i'm so excited vs i'm excited ____________ include kind of, maybe , possibly - correct answer qualifiers ____________ include "i think" and "i feel" - correct answer hedges ____________ - "this might not be important but..." - correct answer disclaimers ____________ - establishing a connection - correct answer tag questions (i.e. "he was really rude, wasn't he?")
nonverbal communication is ____________ - correct answer communicative ____________ language is often spontaneous, unintentional, ambiguous - correct answer nonverbal (i.e. tearing up could be happy, sad, frustrated) people tend to believe ____________ over ____________ communication - correct answer nonverbal, verbal (i.e. you can say you're ok but body language can show otherwise) communication is - correct answer unavoidable, strategic, relational, instrumental, identity management, irreversible, a process the interaction model for communication is the most ____________ - correct answer basic the transactional model for communication is ____________ model - correct answer competent characteristics of effective communication: being ____________, ____________, ____________ - correct answer strategic, professional, adaptable ____________ communication: messages aimed at accomplishing the task at hand - correct answer instrumental ____________ communication: messages that shape and reflect the way people regard one another - correct answer relational ____________ - the practice of presenting yourself in ways that produce a preferred image and distinctive sense of self - correct answer identity management communication is not panacea - not a ____________ for all difficulties - correct answer remedy
channel ____________: refers to how quickly the exchange of messages occurs - correct answer speed ____________ communication: high-speed or instantaneous channels - correct answer synchronous (i.e. face to face phone call) ____________ channels: low-speed channels in which there is lag between the transmission and reception of a message - correct answer asynchronous channel ____________: refers to the degree to which you can manage to communication process - correct answer control communication ____________: patterns of contact created by the flow of messages among communication through time and space - correct answer network ____________ communication network: systems designed by management to dictate who should talk to whom to get a job done - correct answer formal ____________: the most common way of describing formal communication provide a clear guideline of who is responsible for what - correct answer organizational chart ____________ communication: occurs when superiors initiate messages to their subordinates - correct answer downward job ____________: "bring in receipts for items under $20 that you pay for with cash. anything over $20, charge to the company credit card" - correct answer job instructions job ____________: "we rotate the stalk list aha so the customers won't wind up with outdated merchandise" - correct answer rationale job ____________: "backing up files on your lash drive was a great idea. that saved us a lot of grief when the laptop didn't work" - correct answer feedback
____________: "people can buy the stuff we sell at other places, but we can bring them in here by giving them what they want quickly and pleasantly. if we do that, we'll all come out ahead" - correct answer indoctrination ____________ communication: messages flowing subordinates to superiors - correct answer upward ____________ work problems: "we're still having trouble with the air conditioner in the accounting office" - correct answer unsolved ____________/____________ communication: consists of messages between members of an organization with equal power - correct answer horizontal, lateral ____________ coordination: "let's get together this afternoon and see up a production schedule" - correct answer task ____________ communication networks: patterns of interactions based on friendship, shared personal or career interactions, and proximity - correct answer informal (some arise from personal interests) not all informal messages are ____________, informal communication can serve several useful functions
- correct answer idle rumors ____________: strategic dimensioning that goes beyond being sociable - correct answer networking ____________ language: formal mainstream - correct answer high ____________ language: language used in family or friends - correct answer low ____________ language: period talk - correct answer gendered
____________ perception: a bias because we're relying on previous information we structured based on our perceptions to move forward - correct answer selective ____________ perception: when someone says something negative after always being positive to you, it throws you off - correct answer distorted ____________: we give more credibility to our vivid memory - correct answer undue influence ____________: when we use personal characteristics tottery to explain behavior - correct answer attributes ____________ attributions: when we attribute behavior to someone's innate being (personality) - correct answer internal ____________ attributions: attribute behavior to things that are outside of someone's control - correct answer external fundamental ____________ error (self-serving bias): over emphasize internal and underestimate the external causes of behavior when we see behavior in others - correct answer attribution self-serving bias: put more blame on ____________ causes of behavior with ourselves - correct answer external ____________ barriers: things that can cause us to have incompetent communication - correct answer perceptual ____________ perspective: insisting on seeing things specifically from your own circumstances - correct answer narrow cultural ____________: what you perceive that your culture is relevant and others become irrelevant and inappropriate in all situations - correct answer myopia
____________: and impression of a group - correct answer stereotype ____________: a deep-seeded feeling of unkindness and ill will (coming from stereotypes) - correct answer prejudice ____________: who you think you are. it is shaped through your interpretation about your strengths and weaknesses - correct answer self-concept ____________: how you feel about yourself, your attitude about yourself - correct answer self-esteem people with high self-esteem are very ____________ - correct answer confident ____________: assessing your own abilities - correct answer self-efficacy self-fulfilling ____________: predictions that cause an individual to alter their behavior in a way that make the prediction more likely to occur - correct answer prophecies ____________: a way of thinking. that identifies a large group - correct answer culture ____________ culture: cultures that value individual achievement and individual satisfaction - correct answer individualistic ____________ culture: group or organization over individual interest. loyalty to a group comes before one's achievement - correct answer collectivist ____________: how we divide power and how we divide status among individuals - correct answer power distance ____________ power distance: don't really care - correct answer low
____________ status is indicated but controlled movement, bowed posture, tense, hesitant to stand up/move, playing with an object, nervous shaking - correct answer lower in international business people need training, otherwise some people may get ____________ - correct answer culture shock you need to know the ____________ of the people you're working with - correct answer norms ____________ theory: how people respond when the nonverbal expectations they are waiting for are not met - correct answer expectation violation (elevator example) ____________ behavior: behaviors that promote a sense of closeness through specific verbal vocal and visual behavior - correct answer immediacy (great leaders use these to great effect) ____________: gestures, body movements, posture emblems, illustrators, regulators, adaptors, affect displays - correct answer kinesics ____________: intentional movements that reinforce the verbal messages and help visually explain what is being said - correct answer illustrators ("it was this big" with arms out) ____________: intentional movements that have a direct translation, have a specific translation - correct answer emblems ("OK", thumbs up) ____________: help manage interactions or help control the interaction - correct answer regulators (raising hand in class) ____________: habitual movements,
usually satisfy a physiological or psychological need - correct answer adaptors (rubbing eyes when tired) ____________: convey feelings, moods, and reactions - correct answer affect displays (kid slumping when he is in trouble) ____________ is responsible for most meanings - correct answer face US facial expressions are very ____________, asian countries expressions are likely to be ____________ - correct answer open, suppressed innate facial expressions - correct answer sadness, anger, disgust, fear, interest, surprise, happiness ____________: replace expression that shows true feeling with one that shows another one - correct answer masking (actors, waiters) ____________: eye contact, expression, and movement - correct answer oculesics ____________ are the most expressive part of the face - correct answer eyes US listeners show listening and attentiveness through ____________ - correct answer eye contact ____________ can merit societal rewards - correct answer attractiveness ____________: jewelry, purses, watches, rings, tattoos - correct answer artifacts ____________: the study of how we use and communicated with space - correct answer proxemics
____________: the ability to create a positive image that motivates members, charming and persuasive - correct answer charisma the main leadership qualities: ____________, ____________, ____________ - correct answer vision, initiative, charisma there is ____________ support for the notion that men and women lead differently - correct answer little the ____________ and ____________ are what matter for a leader, not gender - correct answer person, organization (what behavior is incentivized for the leader?) ____________: problem in which members strive to maintain cohesiveness and minimize conflict, but do so by refusing to critically examine ideas - correct answer groupthink ____________: group members beliefs and thoughts - correct answer cognitive forces ____________: members emotions, attitudes, motives, and values - correct answer psychological forces ____________: group standards for what behavior influences decisions, what are the norms - correct answer social forces groupthink can come up in the ____________ and ____________ stages of problem-solving - correct answer generate solutions, evaluate options problem-solving: ____________ the problem, ____________ the problem, ____________ solutions, ____________ options, ____________, and ____________ - correct answer identify, analyze, generate, evaluate, implement, assess people only remember ____________% of what they hear - correct answer 25-
____________ power: results from one person's ability to compensate another for compliance, weakens easily - correct answer reward ____________ power: comes from the belief that a person has the formal right to make demands and to expect others to be compliant, managerial positions, can disappear without the position - correct answer legitimate ____________ power: comes from the belief that a person will reprimand others for non-compliance, can be subject to abuse - correct answer coercive ____________ power: a result of a person's perceived attractiveness, worthiness, and right to be respects; charm, charisma, admiration; can be abused easily - correct answer referent ____________ power: based on a person's high-level skills and knowledge; understand situation, suggest solutions, use solid judgement, generally outperform others - correct answer expert ____________ power: when a person possesses wanted or needed information; short term, doesn't influence or build credibility - correct answer information ____________ power: when a person gains influence, favor, or simply acquaintance with a powerful person; all about networking - correct answer affiliation ____________ power: collective problem solving, conflict resolution and lots of minds for creativity - correct answer group the best power to use are ____________ and ____________ - correct answer referent, expert HURIER model - correct answer hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, responding RASA model - correct answer receive, appreciate, summarize, ask
____________ listening: concerned about listening to the full message before responding - correct answer analytical ____________ listening: want to evaluate the message - correct answer critical ____________ meetings: Police meeting up and giving a briefing on what has been happening recently - correct answer information sharing ____________ activities: every tuesday night we have tacos - correct answer ritual a loosely structured, informal meeting results in ____________ participation - correct answer unbalanced
