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CNUR 102 midterm
Boundary - correct answer A point or limit that indicates where two things become different Boundaries - correct answer Unofficial rules about what should not be done: limits that define acceptable behaviour Personal boundaries - correct answer Guidelines, rules, or limits that a person creates to identify for themselves what are reasonable, safe, and permissible ways for other people to behave towards him or her and how they will respond when someone steps past those limits Professional boundaries - correct answer The space between the nurse's power and the client's vulnerability CNA Code of Ethics (2008) - correct answer Identified appropriate professional boundaries, recognized potential vulnerability of persons, emphasized boundaries in nurse-client relationships Examples of healthy personal boundaries - correct answer Self confidence and self concept, in touch with reality, able to communicate with others, fulfilling relationships, stability and control over our lives Examples of unhealthy personal boundaries - correct answer Trying to please others, giving/taking all you can, can't say no, not speaking up, accepting unwanted attention, touching without asking, expecting others to fill your needs Therapeutic relationships - correct answer Core of nursing. Use nursing knowledge and skills and apply caring attitudes and behaviours to contribute to the client's health and well-being. Centre around trust, respect, power, and choice.
Power - correct answer There is an imbalance of power in the nurse client relationship favouring the nurse. Nurses hold authority, knowledge, and access to privileged information about the client. Trust - correct answer Clients trust the nurse has knowledge, skills, abilities to provide safe quality care. Implies the nurse will act in the client's best interest and that the nurse will protect client confidentiality. Respect - correct answer Nurses have responsibility to understand and respect dignity and rights of individuals regardless of differences. They must act in a way that respects client's knowledge and expertise about themselves Choice - correct answer Nurses must respect client autonomy and decisions. Nurses are responsible for ensuring clients and significant others have the necessary information to make informed decisions Nursing qualities needed for therapeutic relationships - correct answer Awareness of self, clarification of values, exploration of self, use of self as a role model, ethics and responsibility Under-involvement - correct answer Failure to engage Therapeutically Over-involvement - correct answer Failure to establish or maintain therapeutic boundaries Boundary crossings - correct answer Grey zones in the ares of nurse-client relationship boundaries. Brief excursions across the boundary line, with a return to established limits of the professional relationship. May or may not be harmful to the client, and should be assessed on a case by case basis. Types of boundary crossing - correct answer Self disclosure, gift giving, commencing a social relationship with a former client, commencing or escalating a social relationship with families of clients, entertaining a therapeutic relationship with family, friends, or acquaintances
Aspects of nonverbal communication - correct answer Facial expression, gestures, posture and gait, appearance, eye contact Factors that affect communication - correct answer Developmental factors, gender, values and perceptions, territoriality, roles and relationships, environment, congruence, personal space ISBARR - correct answer Used to transfer responsibility of essential patient information to another. Introduction Situation Background Assessment Recommendation Repeat Transference - correct answer The transfer of past feelings from the patient to the nurse Countertransference - correct answer The nurse transfers past feelings, conflicts, and attitudes into the present relationship with the patient Phases of the therapeutic relationship - correct answer Pre-orientation, orientation, working, termination Pre-orientation phase - correct answer Interviewer's first contact with interviewee, explain purpose of interview, setup time, place, and location of interview. Interviewer researches interview topic and prepares for interview. Orientation phase - correct answer Phase occurring at the interview. Involves interview process during which the client develops trust in the nurse Working phase - correct answer Once trust is established between the interviewer and the interviewee they begin to work together towards the purpose of the interviewer. The interviewer will use communication skills to build a therapeutic relationship Termination phase - correct answer Phase during which the interviewer signals the end of the interview. They then summarize what was discussed, welcome final comments, provide contact info to the interviewee, and set up a follow-up if applicable
SURETY to achieve active listening - correct answer Sit, Uncross legs, Relax, Eye contact, Touch, Your intuition Aggressive attitude - correct answer Puts their needs over others. It is their way or no way. They focus on themselves, and use words like "I". They use intimidation, humiliation, and fear to get their way. Passive attitude - correct answer Put others before themselves. They agree with whatever another person wants or believes, even if that is not what they want or believe. They ask what others want and do not offer what they want. Assertive attitude - correct answer They balance what others believe with what they want and believe. They use words like "us". They look for a win-win in situations Interprofessional communication - correct answer Communication between people in different professions for the purpose of collaboration. Aids in quality patient care. Most adverse events could be avoided with improved interprofessional communication Tuckman's stages of a group (FSNPA) - correct answer Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning Forming - correct answer Meeting and orientating to the group and the task for the first time Storming - correct answer Power struggle over roles and positions in the group Norming - correct answer Start to understand and appreciate each other and become a cohesive, effective group Performing - correct answer Start to fall into roles and develop and effective working relationship
Competing - correct answer Overpower others to force them to accept solution to the conflict, achieve goals at all cost, try to win by attacking, overpowering, overwhelming, and intimidating Accommodating - correct answer Relationships are more important than their goals, want to be accepted and liked, avoid conflict to promote harmony, smooth things over Compromising - correct answer Moderately concerned about own goals and relationships with others, seek conflict solution where both sides gain some middle ground between two extreme positions, sacrifice part of goals or relationships to resolve issue for the common good Eight steps for addressing conflict (ILABDAIR) - correct answer Identify positions of each side Learn more about true needs and desires on each side Ask clarifying questions Brainstorm possible solutions Discuss how each solution would affect each side Agree upon a solution Implement the agreed upon actions Re-evaluate solutions, if necessary Travis' Illness-Wellness Continuum - correct answer Focuses on prevention- the different levels to avoid disease development Orem's theory - correct answer Defined self-care as a process that includes "activities that individuals personally initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being" Criteria: having knowledge and skills required for health care needs, being motivated to carry out self-care practice, valuing health, believing that new health behaviours will reduce vulnerability to developing illness Personality - correct answer Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
Trait theory - correct answer Traits cause people to behave in a certain way Freud's theory - correct answer Psychosexual stage theory (psychodynamic) Erik Erikson's theory - correct answer Stages of psychosocial development (psychodynamic) BF Skinner - correct answer Behavioural theorist who believed personality is a result of interaction between person and environment, used operant conditioning Carl Rogers - correct answer Humanistic theorist who emphasized the importance of free will and individual experience in development of personality. Self image, self esteem, ideal self Self concept - correct answer The idea or mental image one has of oneself and one's strengths, weaknesses, status, etc Components of self-concept (Carl Rogers) - correct answer Self image- the view you have of yourself Self esteem- how much value you place on yourself Ideal self- what you wish you were really like Holistic health - correct answer A concept that concern for health requires a perception of the individual as an integrated system rather than one or more separate parts including physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional Sex - correct answer Anatomical differences between males and females Gender - correct answer The ways in which a person lives life that demonstrates or reflects masculinity, femininity, or gender neutral
Physical Sexual Spiritual Environmental Social Aboriginal medicine wheel - correct answer Reflects an individual's life and the interconnectedness of mind, body, emotion, and spirit. Uses the concept of a circle, which is important to all parts of living a life. Traditional Chinese medicine - correct answer Holistic health belief that focuses on the body's state of unbalance through the concepts of qi (life energy from birth), yin and yang (opposing forces in the body to maintain equilibrium of the qi), five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water), and meridians (energy pathways of body that move and store qi) Disease - correct answer The body not functioning normally. Sometimes there are symptoms, sometimes there are not Illness - correct answer How a person lives with the disease or diminished functioning- his or her own personal experience Acute illness - correct answer Illness that has severe symptoms, a short duration, and usually a quick onset Chronic illness - correct answer Illness that lasts for an extended period and usually has a slower onset Examples of models of health - correct answer Medical model, agent-host- environment model, illness-wellness continuum, health belief model, Maslow's hierarchy of needs Medical model - correct answer A specific interpretation of health and wellness. Health is the absence of signs and symptoms of illness or injury and treatment is focused on addressing signs and symptoms of the injury or disease.
Agent-host-environment model - correct answer The goal is to promote health and stay healthy. When the agent, host, and environment are balanced, then health is achieved, if imbalanced, disease occurs. States that health is dynamic or changing. Prevention - correct answer The different levels to avoid disease development Primary prevention - correct answer Health promotion and protection e.g. immunizations, exercise, diet Secondary prevention - correct answer Early identification and treatment e.g. screening for cancer, blood pressure issues Tertiary prevention - correct answer Restoration and rehabilitation after an illness is present e.g. foot care for patients with diabetes Rosenstock's and Becker's Health Belief Model - correct answer Consists of individual perceptions (susceptibility, seriousness, threat), modifying factors (demographic, sociophysiological, structural, cues to action), and likelihood of action (benefits of action, barriers to action) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct answer Multiple intelligence theory - correct answer Developed in 1983 by Dr Howard Gardner, states that the traditional notion of intelligence (IQ) is too limited. There are eight intelligences: verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, logical- mathematical, bodily-kinesthetics, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic Emotional intelligence - correct answer Theorized by Daniel Goleman: it is about how we are able to handle our relationships and ourselves, it is more than IQ; known as EQ. There are four domains: self-awareness, managing emotions, empathy, and skilled relationships
Nursing standards - correct answer Describe the required behaviour of every nurse and are used to evaluate individual performance Foundation competencies - correct answer Minimum levels of expected registered nurse performance Systems model - correct answer Views the individual as an open system in constant interaction with his/her environment. Nurses are outside the system and are a force that has an effect on the system. The model is to help nurses recognize that intervention in any one part of the system would result in reactions in other parts, as well as in the system as a whole.
