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The Communication Process Theories of how we communicate: The Linear and Transactional models Communication Process (1) Scholars have developed theories to explain how we communicate with each other. Most of these theories are variations on two generally recognized models — the Linear model and the Transactional model. Communication Process (2) First, let’s define what communication is. Communication is symbolic human behavior systematized into written, verbal, and nonverbal codes. Communication Process (3) This ancient cave painting speaks to us across time through its ability to symbolize. In its representations of the male figure, the bison, and the rhino, we recognize a 40, year-old story of human experience — the hunt. Click here to learn more about this ancient painting.
Communication Process (4) Symbols can tell us... what to do. what not to do. where to get help. how to stay safe. Any person, place, thing, feeling, or idea can be symbolized. Communication Process (5) When we systematize symbols, we create codes for communication. Here are different ways for symbolizing the letter “A.” Communication Process (6) Those who want to communicate must share the same symbol system. Communication Process (7) Now that you understand the symbolic nature of communication, let’s return to the two models of communication mentioned earlier. A model is a representation used to show how individual parts work together to accomplish a specific purpose — in this case communication.
Transactional Model of Communication (3) The sender and receiver must share a common symbol system. Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Transactional Model of Communication (4) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel The sender encodes a message and puts the message into a channel. Encodes Transactional Model of Communication (5) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel The channel is the medium which transmits the message. The message is the content of the communication. Encodes Transactional Model of Communication (6) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel The receiver decodes the message using the symbol system shared with the sender. Encodes Decodes
Transactional Model of Communication (7) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel Noise can create interference anywhere in the process. Encodes Decodes Transactional Model of Communication (8) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel Noise can can be external, internal, or semantic — that is, interference created by choices of language. Encodes Decodes Transactional Model of Communication (9) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel Feedback Loop The feedback loop allows communicators to simultaneously exchange messages. Encodes Decodes Transactional Model of Communication (10) Symbols Sender Receiver Symbols Symbols Message Channel Feedback Loop Each communicator brings to the process a unique set of experiences called a “frame of reference.” Frame of Reference Encodes Decodes
