Communication Styles: Passive, Assertive, Aggressive, and Passive-Aggressive, Study notes of Communication

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COMMUNICATION STYLES

PASSIVE ASSERTIVE AGGRESSIVE PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE

Self denying Self-enhancing Self-enhancing at others’ Manipulative Inhibited Self improving expense Indirect Fear/anxiety guilt Expressive Externalize, rationalize Dishonest Depression/fatigue Deals with emotions Misplaced hostility Sneaky Nervous as they occur Expression is loud, Self-denying/enhancing Does not verbally state Normal voice tone explosive Body Language: Downcast eyes Good eye contact Glaring eyes Slumped posture Shifts weight often Stands comfortably but Leaning forward Rolling eyes Slumped posture firmly on two feet Finger pointing Pouting Wringing hands Hands loosely at sides Raised/snickering/ Nonverbals Whining, hesitant, Strong, steady tone of haughty voice tone Giggly voice voice Means of dealing: Hidden bargains Face to face encounters Tirades Manipulation through Confronting, dealing with Put downs Guilt situation Cutting remarks Retreating, giving up Honesty Sarcasm Feels unvalued Direct Feels hurt, humiliated Low self-esteem Feels good about self, Defensive Actions Mean Results In: High stress level Lower stress High stress level Confusion Self-deprecation High self-esteem Makes decisions for Non-achievement of goals Nonachievement of Good decision-making others Hurt of self & others Desired goals May achieve desired goal Achieves short-range Depreciation of others Goal by hurting others Unresolved conflict Tries to undervalue others, Lower others’ self-esteem Does not achieve long-range goal Goal: Appease others Communicate mutually Control others Manipulation Avoid conflict Sharing commonalities Control of situation Give and get respect Avoid conflict Problem-solving through Negotiation/compromise