Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Anatomy and Physiology - Integumentary System Quiz, Exams of Anatomy

Anatomy

A comprehensive quiz on the integumentary system, covering key concepts and structures related to skin, hair, and nails. It includes multiple-choice questions that assess understanding of topics such as skin layers, cell types, glands, and skin cancer. The quiz is suitable for students studying anatomy and physiology, providing a valuable tool for self-assessment and knowledge reinforcement.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Uploaded on 12/30/2024

venkata-seshabhattar
venkata-seshabhattar 🇺🇸

2 documents

1 / 265

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Anatomy and Physiology - Div. C - 2020-2021
Written by Nin
Total Points: _________ / 148
All questions are worth 1 point
Integumentary System
1. What layer of the skin are drugs usually injected into?
a. Epidermis
b. Papillary layer of the dermis
c. Reticular layer of the dermis
d. Hypodermis
2. Which of the following layers is thickest in thick skin?
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum spinosum
c. Stratum corneum
d. Stratum granulosum
e. Basement membrane
3. This type of birthmark tends to be permanent.
a. Capillary hemangiomas
b. Mongolian blue spots
c. Port-wine stains
d. Salmon patches
4. Where are sebaceous glands found? (select all that apply)
a. Palms
b. Axillary regions
c. Legs
d. Scalp
5. Skin cancer mostly occurs in which regions?
a. Head/neck
b. Arms/legs
c. Shoulders/arms
d. Trunk
6. Which of the following structures are found in the
stratum basale? (select all that apply)
a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Tactile cells
d. Free nerve endings
7. How many layers of cells is the stratum granulosum?
a. 1-3
b. 2-4
c. 3-5
d. 4-6
8. Sunscreen provides protection for which type of skin
cancer?
a. Basal cell carcinoma
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Malignant melanoma
d. Merkel cell carcinoma
9. The pH of the surface of skin is?
a. 4.2
b. 4.7
c. 7
d. 7.2
10. Which of the following are found in thick skin? (select all
that apply)
a. Sweat glands
b. Hair follicles
c. Sebaceous glands
d. Apocrine glands
11. Which of the following is a probable pH of the surface of
the epidermis?
a. 3.9
b. 4.1
c. 5.2
d. 6.5
12. Mutation of which oncogene is most commonly
responsible for melanoma in men?
a. BRAF
b. HER-2/neu
c. EGFR
d. BCL3
13. Which of the following statements does not correctly
match the structure to its location?
a. Eleidin, stratum lucidum
b. Keratohyalin, stratum granulosum
c. Elastin, dermis
d. Filaggrin, stratum spinosum
14. Which of the following is true about the epidermal water
barrier? (select all that apply)
a. It is located between the stratum granulosum
and stratum spinosum
b. Its function is sealing out water from cells,
ensuring durability of the stratum corneum
c. It consists of lipids, tight junctions, and proteins
d. It acts to block nutrients from reaching cells
above it
15. This type of skin disease features bumps with “pearly”
edges and a depression in the middle.
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
c. Malignant melanoma
d. Carbuncles
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c
pf4d
pf4e
pf4f
pf50
pf51
pf52
pf53
pf54
pf55
pf56
pf57
pf58
pf59
pf5a
pf5b
pf5c
pf5d
pf5e
pf5f
pf60
pf61
pf62
pf63
pf64

Partial preview of the text

Download Anatomy and Physiology - Integumentary System Quiz and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

Anatomy and Physiology - Div. C - 2020-

Written by Nin

Total Points: _________ / 148

All questions are worth 1 point

Integumentary System

  1. What layer of the skin are drugs usually injected into? a. Epidermis b. Papillary layer of the dermis c. Reticular layer of the dermis d. Hypodermis
  2. Which of the following layers is thickest in thick skin? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum corneum d. Stratum granulosum e. Basement membrane
  3. This type of birthmark tends to be permanent. a. Capillary hemangiomas b. Mongolian blue spots c. Port-wine stains d. Salmon patches
  4. Where are sebaceous glands found? (select all that apply) a. Palms b. Axillary regions c. Legs d. Scalp
  5. Skin cancer mostly occurs in which regions? a. Head/neck b. Arms/legs c. Shoulders/arms d. Trunk
  6. Which of the following structures are found in the stratum basale? (select all that apply) a. Keratinocytes b. Melanocytes c. Tactile cells d. Free nerve endings
  7. How many layers of cells is the stratum granulosum? a. 1- b. 2- c. 3- d. 4-
  8. Sunscreen provides protection for which type of skin cancer? a. Basal cell carcinoma b. Squamous cell carcinoma c. Malignant melanoma d. Merkel cell carcinoma 9. The pH of the surface of skin is? a. 4. b. 4. c. 7 d. 7. 10. Which of the following are found in thick skin? (select all that apply) a. Sweat glands b. Hair follicles c. Sebaceous glands d. Apocrine glands 11. Which of the following is a probable pH of the surface of the epidermis? a. 3. b. 4. c. 5. d. 6. 12. Mutation of which oncogene is most commonly responsible for melanoma in men? a. BRAF b. HER-2/neu c. EGFR d. BCL 13. Which of the following statements does not correctly match the structure to its location? a. Eleidin, stratum lucidum b. Keratohyalin, stratum granulosum c. Elastin, dermis d. Filaggrin, stratum spinosum 14. Which of the following is true about the epidermal water barrier? (select all that apply) a. It is located between the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum b. Its function is sealing out water from cells, ensuring durability of the stratum corneum c. It consists of lipids, tight junctions, and proteins d. It acts to block nutrients from reaching cells above it 15. This type of skin disease features bumps with “pearly” edges and a depression in the middle. a. Squamous cell carcinoma b. Basal cell carcinoma c. Malignant melanoma d. Carbuncles
  1. What does the papillary layer consist of? a. Loose connective tissue with capillaries and free nerve endings b. Closely-packed cells and large amounts of collagen c. Irregular, elastic connective tissue d. Narrow, branching protein fibers
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma usually is found in which regions? (select all that apply) a. Ears b. Shoulders c. Neck d. Lower lip
  3. Which epidermal layers have waterproof cells? (select all that apply) a. Stratum granulosum b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum basale d. Stratum corneum
  4. What is the correct arrangement of the layers of hair from the deepest to most superficial? a. Medulla > cortex > cuticle b. Cortex > cuticle > medulla c. Cuticle > cortex > medulla d. Cuticle > medulla > cortex
  5. Apocrine sweat has more __________ than apocrine sweat: a. Fatty acids b. Potassium c. Urea d. Ammonia
  6. Which of the following cells are found in the stratum spinosum? (select all that apply) a. Merkel cells b. Langerhans cells c. Melanocytes d. Keratinocytes
  7. Which of the following terms denotes excessive body odor? a. Eschar b. Bromhidrosis c. Diaphoresis d. Hirsutism
  8. Which of the following is false regarding cells migrating towards the stratum corneum? a. Cytoskeleton grows b. Cells grow flatter c. Cells grow faster d. Apoptosis occurs 24. Which of the following structures link epidermal keratinocytes together? a. Desmosomes b. Tight junctions c. Gap junctions d. Adherin junctions 25. Mammary glands are modified _________ glands: a. Apocrine b. Eccrine c. Sebaceous d. Ceruminous 26. What layers of the skin are hair follicles present in? (select all that apply) a. Epidermis b. Papillary layer of the dermis c. Reticular layer of the dermis d. Hypodermis 27. In which phase of hair growth is club hair formed? a. Anagen b. Catagen c. Telogen d. Late telogen 28. The sheen of hair is the result of which type of gland? a. Apocrine b. Eccrine c. Sebaceous d. Ceruminous 29. In which layer of the skin do cells begin to die off? a. Stratum lucidum b. Stratum granulosum c. Stratum corneum d. Stratum basale e. Stratum spinosum 30. Upward projections of the dermis are called _________ and downward projections of the epidermis are called _________. a. Epidermal ridges, dermal papillae b. Epidermal papillae, dermal ridges c. Dermal ridges, epidermal papillae d. Dermal papillae, epidermal ridges 31. Nutrients are carried to the epidermis through: a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Capillaries d. Arteries

Skeletal System

  1. In the ______ minerals are temporarily deposited in the matrix between lacunae. a. Zone of cell proliferation b. Zone of cell hypertrophy c. Zone of calcification d. Zone of bone deposition
  2. Hypocalcemia can be caused by: (select all that apply) a. Vitamin D deficiency b. Thyroid tumors c. Overactive parathyroid glands d. Pregnancy
  3. The sphenoid is a(n): a. Long bone b. Short bone c. Flat bone d. Irregular bone
  4. In which area is 7-dehydrocholesterol converted to cholecalciferol? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Kidney d. Liver
  5. Which of the following parts does the atlas vertebrae have? (select all that apply) a. Body b. Vertebral foramen c. Transverse foramen d. Spinous process
  6. The odontoid process is found on the: a. Atlas b. Axis c. Thoracic vertebrae d. Lumbar vertebrae
  7. _________ connect bones to bones. a. Tendons b. Ligaments c. Cartilage d. Joints
  8. Which type of cartilage covers joints? a. Elastic b. Fibrocartilage c. Reticular d. Articular
  9. The endosteum consists of _________: a. Reticular tissue b. Areolar tissue c. Adipose tissue d. Fluid tissue
    1. Which of the following cells originate from the lineage of mesenchymal cells? (select all that apply) a. Osteogenic b. Osteoblast c. Osteoclast d. Osteocytes
    2. Secretion of osteocalcin does not cause: a. Increasing insulin secretion b. Increasing insulin sensitivity c. Growth of adipose tissue d. Increased regulation of brain function
    3. Which of the following originates from the thyroid gland? a. Vitamin D b. PTH c. Calcitonin d. Calcidiol
    4. Osteoclasts are found in ______: (select all that apply) a. Howship lacunae b. Canaliculi c. Periosteum d. Endosteum
    5. Which of the following are functions of PTH? (select all that apply) a. Increasing secretion of RANKL b. Increased reabsorption of calcium by kidneys c. Increased collagen synthesis d. Reabsorption of bone by osteoclasts
    6. The transverse costal facet is found on which of the following vertebrae? a. C b. C c. T d. L
    7. In the ______ chondrocytes die off and matrix is laid down by osteoblasts. a. Zone of cell proliferation b. Zone of cell hypertrophy c. Zone of calcification d. Zone of bone deposition
    8. In response to acidosis, the skeleton: a. Releases calcium phosphate b. Takes up calcium phosphate c. Releases bicarbonate d. Takes up bicarbonate
  1. Which of the following describes the correct path for vitamin D synthesis? a. Epidermis > kidney > liver b. Dermis > kidney > liver c. Dermis > liver > kidney d. Epidermis > liver > kidney
  2. The metacarpal is a(n): a. Long bone b. Short bone c. Flat bone d. Irregular bone
  3. Which of the following is not a result of increased levels of calcitriol? a. Increased osteoblast activity b. Reabsorption of calcium by kidneys c. Increased calcium absorption by the small intestine d. Secretion of RANKL
  4. How much blood does the skeleton receive per minute? a. 0.5L b. 1.0L c. 1.5L d. 2.0L
  5. Which of the following are functions of calcitonin? (select all that apply) a. Stimulation of osteoblasts b. Stimulation of osteoclasts c. Inhibition of osteoblasts d. Inhibition of osteoclasts
  6. Which of the following are functions of PTH? (select all that apply) a. Increasing secretion of RANKL b. Increased reabsorption of calcium by kidneys c. Decreasing urinary excretion of phosphate d. Reabsorption of bone by osteoclasts
  7. Inorganic matter in bone includes: (select all that apply) a. Glycosaminoglycans b. Hydroxyapatite c. Iron d. Chlorate
  8. Which of the following are secondary curvatures? (select all that apply) a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Pelvic 76. The lightest type of vertebrate is the: a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Coccygeal 77. The tarsal is a(n): a. Long bone b. Short bone c. Flat bone d. Irregular bone 78. Bone is a: a. Connective tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Muscular tissue d. Nervous tissue 79. The ______ contains the humerus. a. Brachium b. Antebrachium c. Carpus d. Manus 80. In adults, red marrow is found in the _________: (select all that apply) a. Clavicle b. Humerus c. Femur d. Ribs 81. The glenoid cavity is found on the: a. Humerus b. Scapula c. Femur d. Pelvic girdle 82. The ______ suture consists of the joining of two bones with overlapping edges. a. Serrate b. Squamous c. Sagittal d. Plane 83. The epiphyseal plate is a: a. Suture b. Syndesmosis c. Synchondroses d. Symphyses

Muscular System

  1. Which of the following are antigravity muscles? (select all that apply) a. Rectus abdominis b. Adductor longus c. Soleus d. Gastrocnemius
  2. The gastrocnemius is: a. Fusiform b. Unipennate c. Bipennate d. Parallel
  3. Elastic filaments consist of a. Nebulin b. Titin c. Dystrophin d. Desmin
  4. Sphincters may be formed from ______: (select all that apply) a. Smooth muscle b. Cardiac muscle c. Skeletal muscle d. Bone
  5. Which of the following is the correct sequence describing the primary source of ATP for muscles in order of least duration of exercise to longest? a. Phosphagen system > glycogen-lactic acid system > aerobic respiration b. Glycogen-lactic acid system > aerobic respiration > phosphagen system c. Aerobic respiration > glycogen-lactic acid system > phosphagen system d. Glycogen-lactic acid system > phosphagen system > aerobic respiration
  6. This region contains only thick filaments. a. A band b. H band c. I band d. Z disk
  7. This region contains only thin filaments. a. A band b. H band c. I band d. Z disk
  8. When the muscle is contracting, calcium binds to: a. Actin b. Myosin c. Troponin d. Tropomyosin
    1. Which of the following generally generates the most force? a. Fusiform b. Parallel c. Triangular d. Unipennate
    2. The synergist of the brachialis for forearm flexion is the ______. a. Biceps brachii b. Deltoid c. Triceps brachii d. Teres major
    3. Glycogen is a: a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Fatty acid
    4. Myoglobin is: (select all that apply) a. Binds to CO2, CO, and NO in addition to O b. Monomeric c. Primarily used for storage of oxygen d. Requires higher oxygen tension than hemoglobin for saturation
    5. A single, multinucleated muscle cell is known as a: a. Myofibril b. Myofiber c. Myoblast d. Myofilament
    6. Thin filaments have which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Myosin b. G actin c. F actin d. Tropomyosin
    7. Which of the following are regulatory proteins? a. Actin b. Myosin c. Troponin d. Tropomyosin
    8. ______ anchors thick filaments to the Z disc. a. Desmin b. Dystrophin c. Titin d. Nebulin
  1. Muscles may insert in _______: (select all that apply) a. Bones b. Tendons c. Dermis d. Fascia
  2. Insertion is the dermis of lips. a. Buccinator b. Occipitalis c. Orbicularis oris d. Orbicularis oculi
  3. The masseter is: a. Fusiform b. Unipennate c. Bipennate d. Parallel
  4. ______ links actin filaments to proteins on the sarcolemma. a. Desmin b. Dystrophin c. Titin d. Nebulin
  5. This protein is only found on thin filaments. a. Calmodulin b. Calsequestrin c. Nebulin d. Desmin
  6. Insertion is the base of the second metacarpal. a. Extensor carpi radialis brevis b. Extensor carpi radialis longus c. Extensor carpi ulnaris d. Extensor digiti minimi
  7. Which of the following is responsible for external rotation of the arm? a. Infraspinatus b. Brachialis c. Latissimus dorsi d. Pectoralis major
  8. Which of the following affects the strength of a muscle twitch? (select all that apply) a. Concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasm b. pH c. Hydration d. Temperature
  9. Twitches at a frequency at which the muscle does not have time to completely relax, resulting in increasing of forces is known as: (select all that apply) a. Treppe b. Tetanus c. Temporal summation d. Wave summation 125. Mutations in the gene that codes for this protein results in muscular dystrophy. a. Dystrophin b. Calpain c. Ubiquitin d. Calsequestrin 126. Which of the following muscles would have the smallest motor units? a. Deltoid b. Orbicularis oculi c. Brachialis d. Peroneus brevis 127. Which kind of cell envelops the neuromuscular junction? a. Glial cells b. Schwann cells c. Microglia cells d. Satellite cells 128. Acetylcholinesterase is found in: (select all that apply) a. Sarcolemma b. Basal lamina c. Synaptic vesicles d. Sarcoplasm 129. The optimal resting length of a sarcomere is roughly: a. 1.5 μm b. 2.0 μm c. 2.5 μm d. 3.0 μm 130. Which enzymes are involved in the phosphagen system? (select all that apply) a. ATP synthase b. Myokinase c. Creatine kinase d. ATPase e. 131. Which of the following is not a cause of muscle fatigue? a. Slowing of the sodium-potassium pumps b. Increasing pH c. Junctional fatigue d. Hyperpolarization 132. Which of these fibers contain higher relative amounts of creatine kinase and myokinase? a. Type I b. Type IIA c. Type IIB d. Intermediate fibers

SciOly Summer Study Session

Anatomy and Physiology

Test Packet

Written by tai yang

Instructions

1) This test is based on the Division C 2019-2020 rules for

Anatomy and Physiology. All content included fits within the

scope of the rules up to the national level. Much of the content

within this test is unlikely to be asked about in real competitions.

However, it may help you take your studying of Anatomy and

Physiology a step further.

2) Individual point values are stated in each question. The point

total for this test is 170.

3) All content in this test is supported by published medical

articles, studies, and textbooks. Please reach out to me if you

would like resources regarding any content on this test.

4) If you have any questions or need to contact me, please reach

out to [email protected].

1.) [4] Match the sensory fibers,

associated with each letter as shown on

the diagram, with the cutaneous

sensory receptors that they innervate.

An image is provided to assist you in

answering this question.

A) ___________________

B) ___________________

C) ___________________

D) ___________________

2.) [3] Briefly explain what each of the following terms refers to above.

A) Aβ: ________________________________________

B) SA/RA: ______________________________________

C) LTMR: ______________________________________

3.) [3] A real study conducted by N. A. Barnicot sampled 118 hair specimens

from young adult males. These hair specimens were examined for the presence

of trichosiderin, an iron-containing pigment, by acid extraction. It was found

that higher levels of trichosiderin were found almost exclusively in a specific

color of hair, but that the level of trichosiderin found in said hair color varied

greatly. What can you conclude about the relationship between trichosiderin

and red hair given this study?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

4.) [3] A real study conducted in Japan recruited 23 healthy participants to a

10-week double-blind placebo-controlled study in which participants were

either given a capsule containing 4 mg of astaxanthin (a reddish pigment

associated with seafood) or the placebo. The results showed that the

participants given the astaxanthin showed an increased minimal erythema

dose (amount of UV light needed to produce minimal erythema) compared

with the placebo. They also had a reduced loss of skin moisture in the area

exposed to UV light. What can you conclude about the relationship between

astaxanthin and UV damage given this study?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

11.) [2] You have been asked to develop a therapeutic HPV vaccine. Which 2 HPV

oncoproteins would you ideally target in order to develop an effective HPV

vaccine against cervical cancer?

____________________________________________

12.) [14] Label the diagram of the

surface anatomy of the femur bone.

A) _________________

B) _________________

C) _________________

D) _________________

E) _________________

F) _________________

G) _________________

H) _________________

I) _________________

J) _________________

K) _________________

L) _________________

M)_________________

N) _________________

13.) [6] Identify which pelvis

belongs to a male and which pelvis

belongs to a female. Next, explain

the differences between a male and

a female pelvis.

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

14.) [3] Approximate the amount of motion that the sacroiliac joint is normally

capable of. Next, explain what causes the increased mobility of the sacroiliac

joint during pregnancy.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

15.) [6] Estimate the minimum range of motion, in degrees, for elbow flexion,

forearm rotation, and wrist flexion-extension needed to complete all basic

ADLs. Basic activities of daily living include ambulating, feeding, dressing,

personal hygiene, continence, and toileting. You are encouraged to pretend to

perform some of these actions to grasp a more accurate estimate.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

16.) [7] Label the diagram given of

the intervertebral disk.

A) _________________

B) _________________

C) _________________

D) _________________

E) _________________

F) _________________

G) _________________

17.) [2] Osteocytes are responsible for secreting many factors involved in bone

formation, bone resorption, and phosphate homeostasis. What two important

bone resorption factors (that are produced by osteocytes) are receptors of

RANKL (a.k.a TNFSF11, TRANCE, OPGL, ODF)?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

18.) [4] Adipocytes can be classified as brown, white, and beige. The body may

convert white adipocytes into beige adipocytes as a form of adaptation. What

causes may be responsible for initiating this process?

____________________________________________

22.) [2] Identify the vertebrae

shown in the picture to the right.

___________________

23.) [2] Identify the vertebrae

shown in the picture to the right.

___________________

24.) [6] What prevalent chronic disease is characterized by joint pain,

tenderness, crepitus, stiffness, and limitation of movement? Why is this

disease notably more prevalent in women than men?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

25.) [2] The diagnosis of a Jones fracture includes palpating the peroneus

brevis tendon to see if it is intact, as well as demonstrating if the area is tender.

In which bone does this fracture occur?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

26.) [6] Briefly describe the process of measuring a Cobb’s angle in a patient

who has screened positive in the forward-bending test, starting with the

X-ray.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

27.) [2] What spinal condition is the most common reason for spinal surgery in

patients over 65 years of age?

____________________________________________

28.) [3] Describe the important role of osteoclasts in the development and

metastasis of osteosarcoma.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

29.) [2] What type of muscle fibers—fast oxidative, slow oxidative, or fast

glycolytic—would be best suited for maintaining posture?

____________________________________________

30.) [2] What type of muscle fibers—fast oxidative, slow oxidative, or fast

glycolytic—would be best suited for a short sprint?

____________________________________________

31.) [2] What type of skeletal muscle contraction—concentric, isometric, or

eccentric—generates the most force with the least amount of energy?

____________________________________________

32.) [3] What is the function of titin in the contraction of skeletal and cardiac

muscle?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

33.) [2] What is the essential function of the neuromuscular junction?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

34.) [2] What is the primary function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

____________________________________________

35.) [2] What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

____________________________________________

41.) [4] Describe the major concern associated with the oral polio vaccine.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

42.) [3] List the muscles that can be affected by ocular myasthenia gravis.

____________________________________________

43.) [4] Describe what happens to a newborn who is infected with neonatal

tetanus that is left untreated.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

44.) [5] What diagnostic tests are likely to be performed in the process of

diagnosing polymyositis in a patient presenting with muscle weakness?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

45.) [3] Which ligament is cut during carpal tunnel surgery? Why is it cut?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

46.) [2] What percentage of people with untreated botulism die?

____________________________________________

47.) [3] What is the role of proprioceptors in the maintenance of body posture?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

48.) [3] Describe the basic function of muscle spindles.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

49.) [2] What is the principal mechanotransduction channel for

proprioception?

____________________________________________

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST Bay Academy By: Rexana Chen TOTAL POINTS : __ / 142 Team Number: ___ Names: ___________________ School Name: _________________________________ Section 1: Integumentary System 1.) List all 5 layers of the epidermis (in order) and state their main functions