Computer Organization
Section 4.3, Chapter 5
Sections 6.1 – 6.2 (Optional)
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Computer Organization - Computer Literacy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science
These are the Letcure Slides of Computer Literacy which includes Main Program and Functions, Comparing Python, Output of Vowels, While Loops, Damage Device, Public Static Double, Opening Configuration, Image Processing, Internal Board etc. Key important points are: Computer Organization, Vacuum Tubes, Electronic Functions, Complex Systems, Hierarchical Structure, Artificial Systems, Main Components, Central Processing Unit, Word Addressing, Byte Addressing
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Computer Organization
Section 4.3, Chapter 5
Sections 6.1 – 6.2 (Optional)
Then and Now
- Transistors
- Tiny
- Fast
- Reliable
- Vacuum tubes
- Huge
- Slow
- Unreliable
Then and Now
“What we didn’t realize then was that the integrated circuit would reduce the cost of electronic functions by a factor of a million to one; nothing had ever done that for anything before.”
Jack Kilby
Then and Now
“If the automobile had followed the same development cycle as the computer, a Rolls Royce would today cost $100, get one million miles to the gallon, and explode once a year, killing everyone inside.”
Robert X. Cringely, InfoWorld before 2005
The Main Components
Data Bus
Memory (RAM) Central Processing Unit (CPU) (^) Secondary Storage
Input/Output I/O
The Main Components
Data Bus
Memory (RAM) Central Processing Unit (CPU) (^) Secondary Storage
Input/Output I/O
Main Memory
22 6F B2 1E 24 E6 07 5C (^) 12 76 84 70 33 68 FD 3C 56 09 40 77 89 4A B5 42^ 61 04 AA 5E AB 43 71 1C
70 DF 32 2D 40 1F 69 C0^ 8A 7C 0F E9 90 9D 39 2E 4D 1F 60 9A 09 7D 10 4C^ 93 6F 81 B5 6A 9F 0A 1C
Byte addressing
3E2C^ 96 1A 89 AC^ 71 52 0C F3^ 8B 81 B2 D1^ 65 04 A5 18
Address Spaces
- Let’s say we have a 16GB memory.
- That’s 2 4 (16) * 2 30 (giga) = 2 34 bytes.
- To specify that many addresses, we need 34 bits. Oops, more than a whole word.
- Possible solutions:
- Use 64 bit words.
- Use hierarchical address definitions.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Cache
Moore’s Law
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/moores-law.htm http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/moores_law_40th/index.htm
CPU
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Cache
ALU
Registers Accumulator Program counter Instruction register Address register
Calculator
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Cache
Control – Or How to Program the Thing
The Stored Program Concept
22 6F B2 1E 24 E6 07 5C (^) 12 76 84 70 33 68 FD 3C 56 09 40 77 89 4A B5 42^ 61 04 AA 5E AB 43 71 1C
70 DF 32 2D 40 1F 69 C0^ 8A 7C 0F E9 90 9D 39 2E 4D 1F 60 9A 09 7D 10 4C^ 93 6F 81 B5 6A 9F 0A 1C