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Course: ICT (5403)
Level: BS
Semester, Autumn 2019
Assignment No. 1
Q. 1 (a) Define Information and Communication Technologies. Also write down at-least ten practical applications of
ICT in the fields of education, sports, media and entertainment.
Answer: Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers to technologies that provide access to
information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums. In the past few decades, information and communication technologies have provided society with a vast array of new communication capabilities. For example, people can communicate in real-time with others in different countries using technologies such as instant messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-conferencing. Social networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis. Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect society.
1. Use of Technology in Business
Today businesses can save money by using technology to perform numerous tasks. When you compare the amount of money spent on hiring an individual to perform a certain task and the training necessary to be able to perform that function consistently, it is costly. When it comes to technology, a small business can scale out and consistently deliver more at high quality with less human resources, often equating less cost. Examples of Technology in Business
- Car manufacturing has increasingly utilized more robotics in the creation of the car frame and its parts. This has resulted in greater speed and builds quality.
- Many retail stores and empires no longer track inventory manually. Through the use of Information systems, they are able to accurately track current inventory and needed inventory saving time and money. Additionally, some systems are able to communicate with suppliers to let them know when to deliver more goods, this result in always stocked shelves. 2. Use of Technology in Communication Unlike in the past when communication was limited to letter writing and waiting for those postal services to deliver your message. Today technology has made the field of communication easy. Now you can draft a business message and email it or fax it in an instant.
Technology has made business meetings so simple, with the introduction of video conferencing; you no longer have to worry to be late for a business meeting. Now with this video conferencing technology, you can be in the meeting in a virtual form and engage with your partners directly. Examples of Technology in Communication Video Conferencing Allows for simple real-time communication between two parties. Sites for Video Conferencing GoToMeetingGoToMeeting GoToMeetingWebEx GoToMeetingSkype GoToMeetingWhatsApp Emails I don’t need to say much about this. We all have one and treasure this form of communication technology. Many people cannot function without the use of their emails. It is a critical form of communication technology used by the simplest person to the President. Email Providers GoToMeetingGmail GoToMeetingOutlook GoToMeetingYahoo
3. Use of Technology in Human Relationships As the world develops, people are getting more carried away with their work and cares. Today a lot is demanded, so everyone is too busy and have no time for finding a relationship. So technology has also filled this part. With technology, you can connect and meet new people while at work using social network technology. You can also use technology to find a new date without living your work. Nowadays people use mobile phone apps to meet and connect with new and old friends. Social networks like Facebook.com, Tagged.com have played a big role in connecting both old and new relationships. However, virtual relationships are not as strong as physical relationships, so I advise you to take off time and meet these people you network with virtually and get to know each other better. On the other note, people who over participate in virtual relationships, end up with no friends in real life, and they develop a disease called cyber-sickness and loneliness. Examples of Technology in Human Relationships Virtual Dating
GoToMeetingPayPal– The most widely used payment provider in the USA. This giant of a provider has allowed for payment at thousands of popular websites without the need to enter your credit card details. Keeping your payment secure and safe, it simply requires an email and password to pay. GoToMeetingGoogle Wallet – Google’s Payment solution, like PayPal, Google simply requires your Google account to pay, not as widely used as PayPal however.
6. Use of Technology in Agriculture Also, technology has changed the agricultural industry by replacing human labor with machines that are operated or controlled by people or other machines. In the agricultural industry, productivity is a key factor. If production is high, the farmer will make more profits. Technology has helped farmers replace the old ways of farming with machines that can do the job in less time right from the day of planting to the day of harvesting. Let’s take a simple example. An animal-drawn plow replaced the digging stick. Then later, that plow was replaced by the horse-drawn moldboard plow. Currently, we have the large tractors that pull complex tilling machines. But, even these machines are being replaced by no-till or minimum-till farming practices, which reduce the amount of work it takes to prepare the soil for planting. Examples of Technology in Agriculture GoToMeetingMachinery GoToMeetingApps GoToMeetingFarm Graze
With the invention of Mobile App for farmers, they can use an App like “FamGraze” to work faster and be more accurate
while in the field and off the field. For example, ”FamGraze” app will help a farmer manage their grass more effectively by suggesting the cheapest feed for their livestock. This app will calculate the amount of grass your animals have in the field. You will need no paper or any spreadsheets to do all this. Saving your more time while in the field.
7. Use of Technology in Banking The use of technology in banking is the backbone of society today. Most banks now offer online banking facilities. Millions make use of this service daily to manage their finances. Most businesses also use this feature to pay employees and transfer money. Many individuals and companies are reliant on this option to function. Additionally, security has significantly benefited as these banking systems do their best to ensure there are firewalls and limits in place to reject any curious hacker. Examples of Technology in Banking E-Banking Providers This list is endless. The best suggestion is to check your nearest banking provider I am almost positive they have online banking. ATMS These lifesavers allow for the quick convenient withdrawal of our money. No need to enter a back or call ahead. Quick and easy. Only requires a simple pin to access.
Banking APPS Banks like Chase, Wells Fargo, RBC and PNC all have mobile apps to access your banking and investment details easily, wherever and whenever you are on the go.
8. Use of Technology in Transportation Transportation is one of the basic areas of technological activity. Both businesses and individuals have benefited from the new technologies in the travel industry. Time is money, so we must have a fast and efficient mode of transport. Try to imagine life without a well-developed transportation system. Transportation is the food, clothing, and shelter of society. It has become a basic need of every society. It assists with the essential transfer of necessary services and goods for all industries, some of which is required for a population’s existence. However, transportation technology has changed dramatically since 1800 to recent years. Let’s take a good example in the picture below. Examples of Technology in Banking Trains Electric and Hybrid Vehicles There has been an extreme rise if electric and hybrid vehicles. They promise greater gas mileage, an environmentally responsible and all-around less expensive vehicle. Tesla Motors– Tesla Motors is the big boy of the fully electric car world. They have showrooms all around the world and a very faithful following. Toyota Prius – The biggest contender in the hybrid industry. It has been faithfully performing and surpassing expectations since 1997. Its never the best looking but it makes up in performance and saving.
Part (b) Describe the term computer. Also describe different types as well as applications of the computer.
Answer:- Computer:- A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use. Computers process data to create information. Data is a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols. Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. To process data into information, a computer uses hardware and software. Hardware is the electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. Software is the series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks. Technically, a computer is a programmable machine. This means it can execute a programmed list of instructions and respond to new instructions that it is given. Today, however, the term is most often used to refer to the desktop and laptop computers that most people use. When referring to a desktop model, the term “computer” technically only refers to the computer itself — not the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Still, it is acceptable to refer to everything together as the computer. If you want to be really technical, the box that holds the computer is called the “system unit.” Some of the major parts of a personal computer (or PC) include the motherboard, CPU, memory (or RAM), hard drive, and video card. While personal computers are by far the most common type of computers today, there are several other types of computers. For example, a “minicomputer” is a powerful computer that can support many users at once. A “mainframe” is a large, high-powered computer that can perform billions of calculations from multiple sources at one time. Finally, a “supercomputer” is a machine that can process billions of instructions a second and is used to calculate extremely complex calculations.
Web services are web applications that give services to other applications through the internet, example Google search engine, Yahoo Search engine etc. which allows other applications to delegate the task of searching over the internet. Console Applications: Console applications runs inside the command prompt i.e. DOS window, It is a light weight program and which is used commonly for test applications.
Q. 2 Write down the importance of Motherboard in computer. Why we call him motherboard? Also explain the types
of memory with examples.
Answer: - The Importance of a Motherboard in a Computer
A motherboard, also known as the "main board," is the central circuit hub that allows connection between all components and peripherals attached to the computer. It also allows all the components such as CPU, graphics card, hard drive and the memory to receive power from the attached power supply. Motherboard Form Factors The shape and layout of the motherboard is called its form factor. The form factor acts as a standard for defining the motherboard. It determines the power supply, the type of case and the place where individual components will fit. The most popular motherboard form factor in domestic and industrial computers is ATX as it reduces the size of the motherboard greatly. Components of the Motherboard The motherboard contains a few integrated components situated on board such as the chipset, the CMOS, the BIOS and the system bus. The motherboard also contains numerous sockets and ports including Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and the memory or RAM slots. Functions of the Motherboard A motherboard controls the flow of external data through the ports such as the USB and the IDE and guides the data to the hard drives. The main function of the motherboard is to hold the microprocessor chip e.g. Intel Pentium 4, Intel Celeron and AMD Athlon. Also, almost all the components that help in the function of the computer are either parts of the motherboard or are plugged into it. Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM) Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory (RAM and ROM) and Secondary memory(hard drive,CD,etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory.
1. Random Access Memory (RAM) – GoToMeetingIt is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory. GoToMeetingThe programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this memory. GoToMeetingIt is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off. GoToMeetingRAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).
Mouse: A mouse moves the graphical pointer by being slid across a smooth surface. The conventional roller-ball mouse uses a ball to create this action: the ball is in contact with two small shafts that are set at right angles to each other. As the ball moves these shafts rotate, and the rotation is measured by sensors within the mouse. The distance and direction information from the sensors is then transmitted to the computer, and the computer moves the graphical pointer on the screen by following the movements of the mouse. Optical Mouse:- Another common mouse is the optical mouse. This device is very similar to the conventional mouse but uses visible or infrared light instead of a roller-ball to detect the changes in position. Mini-mouse:- A mini-mouse is a small egg-sized mouse for use with laptop computers; usually small enough for use on a free area of the laptop body itself, it is typically optical, includes a retractable cord and uses a USB port to save battery life. Trackball: A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of the hand to move a pointer. Compared with a mouse, a trackball has no limits on effective travel; at times, a mouse can reach an edge of its working area while the operator still wishes to move the screen pointer farther. With a trackball, the operator just continues rolling, whereas a mouse would have to be lifted and re-positioned.
Joystick:- A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. A joystick, also known as the control column, Joysticks is often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Analog Stick:- An analog stick, sometimes called a control stick, joy stick or thumbstick, is an input device for a controller (often a game controller) that is used for three-dimensional input. An analog stick is a variation of a joystick, consisting of a protrusion from the controller; input is based on the position of this protrusion in relation to the default "center" position. While digital sticks rely on single electrical connections for movement (using internal digital electrical contacts for up, down, left and right), analog sticks use continuous electrical activity running through potentiometers. The analog stick has greatly overtaken the D-pad in both prominence and usage in console video games.
Touch pad: - A touchpad or trackpad is a flat surface that can detect finger contact. It is a stationary pointing device, commonly used on laptop computers. At least one physical button normally comes with the touchpad, but the user can also generate a mouse click by tapping on the pad. Advanced features include pressure sensitivity and special gestures such as scrolling by moving one's finger along an edge. Light
Light pen: - A light pen is a device similar to a touch screen, but uses a special light-sensitive pen instead of the
finger, which allows for more accurate screen input. As the tip of the light pen makes contact with the screen, it
sends a signal back to the computer containing the coordinates of the pixels at that point. It can be used to draw on
the computer screen or make menu selections, and does not require a special touch screen because it can work
with any CRT display.
Touch Screen: - A touch screen is a device embedded into the screen of the TV monitor, or system LCD monitor
screens of laptop computers. Users interact with the device by physically pressing items shown on the screen,
either with their fingers or some helping tool. A touch screen is a device embedded into the screen of the TV
monitor, or system LCD monitor screens of laptop computers. Users interact with the device by physically
pressing items shown on the screen, either with their fingers or some helping tool.
Q. 4 (a) Enlist Input and Output devices. Define each and differentiate them.
Answer:- An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and output devices only receive the output of data from another device. Most devices are only input devices or output devices, as they can only accept data input from a user or output data generated by a computer. However, some devices can accept input and display output, and they are referred to as I/O devices (input/output devices). For example, as you can see in the top half of the image to the right, a keyboard sends electrical signals, which are received by the computer as input. Those signals are then interpreted by the computer and displayed, or output, on the monitor as text or images. In the lower half of the image, the computer sends, or outputs, data to a printer and will print the data onto a piece of paper, also considered output. Input devices An input device can send data to another device, but it cannot receive data from another device. Examples of input devices include the following. Keyboard and Mouse - Accepts input from a user and sends that data (input) to the computer. They cannot accept or reproduce information (output) from the computer. Microphone - Receives sound generated by an input source, and sends that sound to a computer. Webcam - Receives images generated by whatever it is pointed at (input) and sends those images to a computer. Output devices An output device can receive data from another device and generate output with that data, but it cannot send data to another device. Examples of output devices include the following. Monitor - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays that information as text and images for users to view. It cannot accept data from a user and send that data to another device. Projector - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays, or projects, that information as text and images onto a surface, like a wall or a screen. It cannot accept data from a user and send that data to another device. Speakers - Receives sound data from a computer and plays the sounds for users to hear. It cannot accept sound generated by users and send that sound to another device.
Q. 5 What is software? Explain any ten application software. Also differentiate application software and system
software. Answer:- Definition Software, in its most general sense, is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs. Scripts, applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe software. Ten application software
1. MS Word Microsoft Word is a word-processing software that was created in 1983. This application software can be installed on computers, tablets or cell phones that support it. Its features allow you to set margins, create tabs and insert page breaks for your documents. There have been many updates to the original software. These include Microsoft Office 2019 and Office 365. 2. MS Access MS Access is database management software. There are seven functions this application is capable of performing. These include the creation of: GoToMeetingTables GoToMeetingRelationships GoToMeetingQueries GoToMeetingForms GoToMeetingReports GoToMeetingMacros GoToMeetingModules With the use of MS Access you can manage, run and enter larger reports. You also have the ability to create PDF files. 3. MS Excel MS Excel is a spreadsheet software program. It has an enhanced intelligence design. This means it will learn your patterns and organize your data for you. You have the freedom to create your own forms and perform calculations as needed. This application software also gives you the ability to share your files with others. This capability makes MS Excel ideal whether working alone or as a team. 4. Firefox Firefox is a web browser designed to keep your information protected. Thanks to its pop-up blockers and integrated browser features, you can use this software for all size projects. When using this type of browser, you can set privacy and security measures to keep your documents and transmissions safe. 5. Safari
Safari is a web browser that was designed by Apple. This program can be used with most iOS devices including the different models of iPads and iPhones. Built-in privacy barriers allow you to keep your information hidden from other devices in your area. You can control your settings and make adjustments as needed.
6. Chrome Chrome is a web browser that can be used with a wide range of operating systems. The platform’s built-in tools give you the ability to perform tasks quickly. Chrome offers the ability to support other applications as well. 7. AutoCAD AutoCAD allows you to use your computer to create and draft different designs. This software was first created in 1989 for use with microcomputers that contained internal graphics controllers. Today, you will find different types of AutoCAD software programs that work with Windows, Mac, iOS and Android operating systems. 8. Microsoft Powerpoint Microsoft PowerPoint is an application software program that gives you the ability to make custom presentations. The built-in tools allow you to view, create and share information. This program can be used on any Microsoft product, including iPhones, computers and tablets. 9. WordPad WordPad is a simple word-processing application software. You will find this program on most Microsoft products. It allows you to type in your information and arrange it as needed. The end result is a document that flows well with basic information you are trying to convey. WordPad works well when creating longer emails and correspondences you want to send. 10. Apple Numbers Apple Numbers is a spreadsheet application software program. This program is used with Apple platform products including iPads and iPhones. You have the ability to create charts and diagrams to correspond to the information you put into the Apple Numbers spreadsheet. This allows for a clearer understanding of the data.
