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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
LO 1. Plan and Prepare for task to be undertaken
LO 2. Prepare hand tools;
LO 3. Use appropriate hand tools and
LO 4. Maintain hand tools.
Definition of Terms
Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage. Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer. Diagnostic tools - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components and to test the functionality of computer ports. Hazards - risks; dangers. Insulation - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity. Nozzle - a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for regulating and erecting a flow of fluid. Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder. Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body Tool - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
LESSON I
USING AND MAINTAINING HAND
TOOLS
(WEEK 1)
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
Activity Sheet No.:^1
Activity Title: Preparing for the task to be undertaken
Learning Competency: LO 1^ Prepare hand tools
Learning Target: 1.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken properly.
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIa- LO.1 Concept Notes A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular function. Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.
- How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
- Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
- When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions. Safe Use of tools Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts for your safety. If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to use the tool. Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:
- All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
- The right tool be used for the job
- Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
- Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
- The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used LO A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. _______ 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of he tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool. _______ 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. _______ 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose for which it was designed and also for other purposes where it can be used as substitute where tool is not available. _______ 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular maintenance. _______ 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done. _______ 6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be done.
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES) Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well. Cleaning Tools Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples: Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris. Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the components. Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer. Parts organizer – used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents them from getting mixed together. Diagnostic Tools Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems: Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components. Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports. LO 2 A. Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
- Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up? a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
- Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws? a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
- Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws? a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
- Which tool is used to strip and cut wires? a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
- Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit? a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
- Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris? a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
- Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer? a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
- Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws? a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
- Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop? a. Anti-static mat b. Torx screwdriver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
- Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the components? a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Compressed air d. Wire cutter
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
Activity Sheet No.:^3
Activity Title: PROPER USE OF TOOLS
Learning Competency: LO 3^ Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment.
Learning Target: 3.1 Use tools according to tasks undertaken.
3.2 Observe all safety procedures in using tools at all times and use appropriate PPE
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIc- LO 3 Concept Notes PROPER USE OF TOOLS Proper Use of ESD Tools The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment that you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body, the connection made by the wrist strap to the equipment, or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap. The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
- Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The metal on the back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
- Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other end either to the equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is connected to. An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from a component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
- Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
- Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place parts as you remove them from the system. Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to delicate circuits or components. Proper Use of Hand Tools A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic covers many of the various hand tools used when repairing computers. Screws Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of the screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclockwise to loosen the screw. Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw may get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws. Flat head screwdriver Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a flat head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in place. CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is probably wrong. Take a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a locking clip that is holding the component in place. Refer to the device manual or diagram for additional information. Phillips head screwdriver Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver. Hex driver Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex driver that is too large for the bolt that you are using.
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES) Mouse Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner directly on the mouse. LO 3 A. Direction. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following: _________________ 1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment. _________________ 2. Tighten / loosen screw _________________ 3. Tighten / looses bold with a hexagonal head _________________ 4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers _________________ 5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw. B. Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below. COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH: Computer case and outside monitor Mild cleaning solution and lint free cloth (sample) Keyboard Mouse LCD screen CRT screen Heat sink RAM C. Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on you answer sheet.
- The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to ________ the electrical charge between you and the equipment.
- Turn the screwdriver _________ to tighten the screw
- Turn the screwdriver ________________ to loosen the screw.
- Use a ________ head screwdriver with crosshead screws.
- On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an _________ and trap the heat.
- When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around the components with a minimum distance of ______ inches from the nozzle.
- Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to pry off jumpers because the tip contains _____ which can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.
- To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with _______ water and wipe the screen from top to bottom.
- Clean the contacts on components with _________ alcohol.
- Use a __________ to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head.
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
Activity Sheet No.:^4
Activity Title: TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Learning
Competency:
LO 4 Maintain hand tools
Learning Target: 4.1 Do not drop tools to avoid damage; carry out routine maintenance of tools according to
standard operational procedures, principles, and techniques 4.2 Store tools safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications or standard operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIId- LO. 4 Concept Notes TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition limit downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance program is: well organized and scheduled, controls hazards, defines operational procedures, and trains key personnel. The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific inspection and maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed and those guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service. Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement. General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include: Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic) Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are kept Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost. Good practices include: Parts should be properly stored and labeled (Figure 1).
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
- Flashlight (example) Clean and Change batteries if drained
- Multimeter (example) Clean and Calibrate B. Direction: Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and cleaning a personal computer. Some items are already given for you. Continue the Table. COMPUTER MAINTENANCE COMPONENTS TO CLEAN SCHEDULE Tools to use Computer case and outside monitor Daily (sample) Keyboard C. Direction: Using the given tools, segregate the following according to its classification. (The teacher will provide the tools for classification) SCORING RUBRICS: for Activity Sheet 1.
Criteria:
Number of Tools classified
Points
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
LO 1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
LO 2. Input data into the computer
LO 3. Access information using computer
LO 4. Produce output using computer system
LO 5. Use basic functions of a www-browser to locate information
Definition of Terms
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program Hardware - the physical components of a computer. Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines and programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library routines) that make the hardware components perform their functions. Computer data storage - storage or memory, which can save digital data. Examples are RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks.
LESSON II
PERFORMING COMPUTER
OPERATIONS (PCO)
WEEK 2-
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES) B. Computer equipment
Activity Sheet No.:^2
Activity Title: Introduction to Computer
Learning Competency: LO 2^ Input data into computer
Learning Target: 2.1 Enter the data into the computer using appropriate program/application in
accordance with company procedures 2.2 Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance with standard operating procedures 2.3 Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements 2.4 Perform work within ergonomic guidelines
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e- LO 2 Concept Notes Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM A. Hardware - the physical components of a computer. HARDWARE CATEGORIES (Functional Parts) The Input devices are used by the user to enter data, commands and programs to the computer. Most common input devices are: Keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, scanners and digital cameras Output Devices Most common output devices are: Monitor or Display , Printer and speakers B. Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines and programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library routines) that make the hardware components perform their functions. Computer software can be classified into following categories:
- Operating system (OS) is the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware. It is the foundation on which user programs and application programs are built.
- Application programs is the catch-all name for all programs that are used for carrying out specific tasks - office document creation (word processor), pay roll processing (spreadsheet), publisher etc.
- Utility Programs C. Data ware. The systematic and organized collection of data and procedures relevant to the organization D. People ware. Refers to personnel who manage and use the computer system, who design the applications and systems software, who write and encode the programs and who run the hardware. Computer Basic Operations
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES) Input is whatever goes into the computer. Input can take a variety of forms, from commands you enter by keyboard to data from another computer (via a network connection) or device (via direct or network connection). A device that feeds data into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse, is called an input device. Output is any information (data) that comes out of a computer. Output devices can be other computers, display screens, speakers, and printers. Storage Computer data storage is referred to as storage or memory, which can save digital data. Examples are RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks. Permanent, or non-volatile, storage devices do not require power to remember the data stored. Mass storage devices, like hard disk, are non-volatile; a loss of power does not affect their ability to retain data. This category also includes ROM (Read Only Memory). Temporary or volatile storage is more often called "memory". A loss of power means that any data stored will be lost irretrievably. When you are using an application, such as a word processor, the data (the document you are working on) is stored in RAM (Random Access Memory). If you lose power without explicitly saving your work, you will likely lose data. Processing The processor is the brain of a computer. It's also called the CPU (Central processing unit) and it is a microchip. For a non-programmer, this is where all the real action is. Programs just set the stage and direct the play. (In this off hand analogy, the play itself, in written form, would be most like a program.) The processor actually performs very simple operations like basic arithmetic and comparing two values (but that may be like saying a stage actor just speaks, moves and emotes). Despite it's apparent simplicity, the CPU does in fact run the show, controlling all of the peripherals while executing the current software commands. LO 2 Directions: Identify the following:
- _____ the brain and the heart of a computer system
- _____ is a volatile memory
- _____ they are computer display screens, speakers, and printers
- _____ any information (data) that comes out of a computer
- _____ person who manage and use the computer system
- _____ the main output device of a computer
- _____ intangible part of the computer system
- _____ the physical components of a computer
- _____ an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program
- _____ the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Save As option.
Step 2 − Select a folder where you will like to save the document, Enter the file name which you want to give to your document and Select the Save As option, by default it is the .docx format. Step 3 − Finally, click on the Save button and your document will be saved with the entered name in the selected folder. Saving New Changes There may be an instance when you open an existing document and edit it partially or completely or an instance where you may like to save the changes in between editing of the document. If you want to save this document with the same name, then you can use either of the following simple options − Just press the Ctrl + S keys to save the changes. Optionally you can click on the floppy icon available at the top left corner and just above the File tab. This option will also help you save the changes. You can also use the third method to save the changes, which is the Save option available just above the Save As option as shown in the above screenshot. Opening New Document A new, blank document always opens when you start Microsoft Word. Suppose you want to start another new document while you are working on another document, or you closed an already opened document and want to start a new document. Here are the steps to open a new document − Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the New option. Step 2 − When you select the New option from the first column, it will display a list of templates in the second column. Double-click on the Blank document; this is the first option in the template list. The document is now ready for you to start typing your text. Opening Existing Document Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Open option. Step 2 − This will display the following file Open dialog box. This lets you navigate through different folders and files, and also lets you select a file which you want to open. Step 3 − Finally, locate and select a file which you want to open and click the small triangle available on the Open button to open the file. You will have different options to open the file, but simply use the Open option. Closing a Document Here are simple steps to close an opened document − Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Close option. Step 2 − When you select the Close option and if the document is not saved before closing, it will display the following Warning box asking whether the document should be saved or not. Step 3 − To save the changes, click Save, otherwise click Don't Save. To go back to the document, click Cancel. This will close the document and if you have other documents open, Printing Documents The following steps will help you print your Microsoft Word document. Step 1 − Open the document for which you want to see the preview. Next click the File tab followed by the Print option which will display a preview of the document in the right column. You can scroll up or scroll down your document to walk through the document using given Scrollbar. The middle column gives various options to be set before you send your document to the printer. Step 2 − You can set various other printing options available. Select from among the following options,
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES) depending on your preferences. Step 3 − Once you are done with your setting, click on the Print button which will send your document to the printer for final printing. LO 2 Directions: Match column A. with column B. A. B.
- area where you type your text. (^) a. Save as
- flashing vertical bar (^) b. Print
- keys to save the changes c. insertion point
- saving documents in different name or folder. d. Document area
- button to print document. e. Ctr+s Operation Sheet LO 3 & 4 Input data into the computer and produce output using computer system Suggested activity: 1. Using Microsoft office word input data (song lyrics or poem) into the computer. 2. Save the document/s 3. Using Microsoft formatting tools, format text and paragraph as to font color, font size, align left align right, center etc. 4. Print the document/s Scoring Rubrics: Criteria Score Excellent 96- Very Good 86- Good 76- Poor 65-
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
- _____ Colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it
- _____ an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet
- _____ a web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems developed by Opera Software Operation Sheet LO 5 A. Web searching Using your computer: Open Google Chrome Type in the URL: www.google.com In the search engine type in: examples of web browsers B. Use link to view web pages C. Bookmark WebPages
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
Activity Sheet No.:^6
Activity Title: Maintenance Procedures
Learning Competency: LO 6^ Maintain computer equipment and systems
Learning Target: 6.1 Implement procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular backups
and virus checks in accordance with standard operating procedures 6.2 Implement basic file maintenance procedures in line with the standards operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 10,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ii-j- LO 6 Concept Notes Maintenance Procedures Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save time, money and frustration. It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the proper care and maintenance of your computer. PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC. Looking after your PC properly ensures you of trouble-free use. Regular PC maintenance also keeps the machine’s performance optimal. Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.
- Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware. Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan. Place your computer in a well ventilated area. Schedule use of computers for its longer life. Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged. Treat your computer properly. Maintain your hard disk
- Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software. Backup your files Install or secure passwords Delete temporary files Update antivirus and spy ware TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE: (1) Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment. (2) Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as adding and deleting employees and customers and changing credit limits and product prices. (3) Software or program maintenance is the updating of application programs in order to meet changing information requirements, such as adding new functions and changing data formats. It also includes fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware devices. (4) Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that have become fragmented due to continuous updating.
