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Collaborative Planning and Management
Consensus Building
Objectives:
Explore different ways to negotiate Consider how problem framing affects process
Lecture Overview Time Activity Tasks 10 Introduction (^) Instructions for next week
Today 20 Car Scenario Orange Scenario
Role play Car Scenario Review Orange Scenario Results 20 Consensus Building
Distributive Bargaining Integrative Bargaining Consensus Building Process 30 WEP Scenario (^) Work in groups
Discuss ideas (^80)
I. Introduction
A. Announcements
B. Where we are
1. Focusing on practice
a) Convening and facilitation b) Communication c) Focusing on building consensus
2. Next session: Viper Bird scenario
a) Assign facilitators b) Assign groups and roles c) Discuss assignment for this session d) Scenario (1) Full class scenario (or two classes) (2) I will set you up (3) After that, your facilitator will run the show (4) I will be observing taking notes (5) You will tell me outcome at end of class (6) We’ll debrief in sessions that follow
C. Today
1. Discuss consensus building
2. Discuss different forms of negotiation
II. Scenario: Car
A. Sit in pairs
B. Confidential instructions to each person in pair
1. Buyers notes
2. Sellers notes
C. Allow 2-5 minutes to negotiate
1. You have 5 minutes to negotiate
2. I’ll ask for your answer at the end
D. Write the results on the boards
1. Circle highest—congratulate the seller
2. Circle lowest—congratulate buyer
3. NOTE: Could give prizes to heighten competition
E. No discussion—move on to next scenario
III. Scenario: Orange
A. Sit in pairs
B. Confidential instructions to each person in pair
1. Sibling 1 notes
2. Sibling 2 notes
C. Allow 2-5 minutes to negotiate
1. You have xx minutes to negotiate
2. I’ll ask for your answer at the end
D. Write the results on the boards
1. Distributive: Divided up the oranges
V. Start with Principles of Negotiation
A. Distributive Bargaining
DIAGRAM:
Spectrum with 2 positions Zone of negotiation in the middle Goal is to push your position as far as possible to shift the zone
1. Starting with a position
a) I want 30 oranges b) I want to pay $X for that car
2. Bargaining over the distribution of costs/benefits
3. Don’t necessarily get the best outcome for everyone
B. Integrative or Win-Win Bargaining
1. Principled Bargaining
a) View it as a problem-solving process b) Goal is to reach an agreement everyone can support
2. Separate people from the problem
a) Meaning? b) “I don’t like greenies” example
3. Focus on interests, not positions
a) Orange example b) Debate about a dam (1) Set up as positional bargaining (2) What are the underlying interests (a) Water supply (b) Irrigation (c) Power production (3) How can we achieve those goals
4. Invent options for mutual gain
a) Develop multiple options b) Approach problem with creativity c) Decide on exact resolution later
5. Insist on using objective criteria
a) What do I need to get out of this b) How can I judge whether solution will be acceptable
VI. Conflict Management (pp. 100-105)
A. Conflict management measures (see Table 4.9)
1. Effective dispute resolution
2. Effective consensus building
B. Rules for decision making
1. Complete consensus
a) Ensures power for least powerful stakeholder b) Can completely stall a process
2. Consensus minus one
a) Ensures strong majority b) Prevents one person from blocking
3. Other processes: Supermajority
a) Ensures strong majority b) Prevents small group veto power c) Could be misused to override minority concerns
4. Majority
a) Easier to reach agreement b) May mean that a slim majority support decision c) Lack of consensus may undermine long-term of group
VII. Review the Consensus Building Process
A. Business as usual
1. Example: Oranges
2. Alternative
B. Divergence zone: How do you do this?—ideas?
1. Good communication
2. Good facilitation
3. Active listening
4. Activities that get people to think differently
a) Think like a group: group criteria b) Move from positions to interests
VIII. West Eugene Parkway Scenario
A. Hand out worksheets
1. Put people in groups
2. 6 possible characters—can adjust numbers
a) Eliminate or add additional citizen roles b) Add more W Eugene businesses (for and against) c) Eliminate ODOT representative
B. Instructions
1. Group discussion and brainstorm
2. Each person shares
a) What is your position: pro- or anti-parkway? b) What is your underlying need
3. Brainstorm ideas
a) Are there common needs? b) Are there major stumbling blocks?
IX. Discussion
A. Problems with Integrative Bargaining
1. It takes two (or more) to Tango
2. The structure affects how groups will operate
3. It may take a skilled facilitator
4. Can be deep value differences underlying issues
5. Others
B. Other Issues
1. BATNA: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Settlement
a) If you can’t agree
