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Content-Aware Switch: Architecture and Mechanisms, Slides of Computer Architecture and Organization

Jaypee University of Engineering & TechnologyComputer Architecture and Organization

An introduction to content-aware switches (cs), their architecture, and the mechanisms used in layer 7 two-way and one-way architectures, including tcp splicing and tcp handoff. Cs improves web cluster performance by routing packets based on content and exploiting server locality.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 04/30/2013

ekaan
ekaan 🇮🇳

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Download Content-Aware Switch: Architecture and Mechanisms and more Slides Computer Architecture and Organization in PDF only on Docsity!

Introduction to

Content-aware Switch

Content-aware Switch (CS)

Switch

Image Server

Application Server

HTML Server

www.yahoo.com Internet

GET /cgi-bin/form HTTP/1. Host: www.yahoo.com…

IP TCP APP. DATA

• Front-end of a web cluster

• Route packets based on layer 5/7 (content)

information

Content-aware Switch Architecture

• Two way architecture

Server returns the

response to the switch

• One way architecture

Server returns the

response to the client

client switch server

Layer 7 Two-way Architecture

TCP Splicing

client content switch server

step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(DSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(DSEQ+1)

step

step

step

step step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(SSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(SSEQ+1)

DATA(SSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+lenR+1)

DATA(DSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+LenR+1)

ACK(DSEQ+lenD+1) (^) ACK(SSEQ+lenD+1)

lenR: size of http request. lenD: size of return document

.

TCP Splicing w/ Pre-forked

Connections

client switch^ server

step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(DSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(DSEQ+1)

step

step

step

step

step

step DATA(PSEQ+1) ACK(SSEQ+1) DATA(SSEQ+1) ACK(PSEQ+lenR+1)

DATA(DSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+LenR+1)

ACK(DSEQ+lenD+1) (^) ACK(SSEQ+lenD+1)

lenR: size of http request. lenD: size of return document

.

SYN(PSEQ)

SYN(SSEQ)

ACK(PSEQ+1)

ACK(SSEQ+1)

step

Degenerated to TCP Splicing

If Guess Wrong

client content switch

Pre-allocated

server

step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(SSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(SSEQ+1)

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(SSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

step

step

DATA(RSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+lenR+1)

DATA(SSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+LenR+1)

ACK(DSEQ+lenD+1)^ ACK(SSEQ+lenD+1)

FIN(CSEQ+1)

step step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(RSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(SSEQ+1)

Right server

Sequence # conversion needed

Case Study

• Linux-based content aware switch [Yang99]

• IBM Layer 5 [Pradhan00]

Results

  • Overhead of the switch
    • 89usec reduced  pre-forked

connections

  • CS vs. Layer 4 switch
    • Affinity-based routing vs. WRR
    • Content-segregation vs. WRR
      • CGI: 27%
      • Static: 36%

IBM Switch Architecture

  • Switch core
  • Port controller:
    • Identify packets

(layer 5) and send

them to CPU

  • Processing all other

packets

  • CPU: PowerPC 603e
    • Parse http request
    • URL based routing

Results

• CS vs. Layer 4

switch

– Entire set of files

are replicated

– Some servers

share files by

NFS

– Partitioned file

set

Layer-7 one-way architecture

TCP Handoff

client content switch server

step

step

SYN(CSEQ)

SYN(DSEQ)

ACK(CSEQ+1)

DATA(CSEQ+1)

ACK(DSEQ+1)

step

step

step

step

DATA(DSEQ+1)

ACK(CSEQ+lenR+1)

ACK(DSEQ+lenD+1) (^) ACK(DSEQ+lenD+1)

Migrate (Data, CSEQ, DSEQ)

  • Migrate the created TCP connection from the switch to the back-end sever
    • Create a TCP connection at the back-end without going through the TCP three-way handshake
    • Retrieve the state of an established connection and destroy the connection without going through the normal message handshake required to close a TCP connection
  • Once the connection is handed off to the back-end server, the switch must forward packets from the client to the appropriate back-end server