Transfer Functions, Block Diagrams, and Signal Flow Graphs: Practice Problems, Essays (university) of Control Systems

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EEL 205 Control Engineering
Practice Problem Set 2
1. Determine the transfer functions Vo(s)/Vi(s) for the two electrical networks shown in Fig. P1a and P1b. Also
obtain the impulse response vo(t) for impulse applied as vi(t).
1
RCs +1;R[(L2s/C)+R/C]
(L2s+R)L1L2s3+RL1s2+[(L1+L2)/C]s+R/C
2. Determine the time variation of the outputs from the following transfer functions when they are fed with the
specified inputs.
(a) Steady state output of H(s)= (s+1)2
(s+2)(s+3);u(t)=10sin5t
(b) Complete output of H(s)= (s+1)(s+2)
s(s+3)(s+4);u(t)=1fortm0; 0 otherwise.
y(t)=8.28sin 5t+
6;y(t)= 1
8+1
6t2+2
9e3t3
8e4t
3. Obtain the block diagram and signal flow
graph for the circuit in Fig. P3. By either
way, obtain the transfer function of the
network as Vo(s)/Vi(s).
Either way you should get a transfer function H(s)= R1R2
L1L2s2+[R2/L2+R1/L1+R1/L2]s+(R1R2)/(L1L2)
4. By dividing the numerator and denominator of
H(s)= s2+3s+3
s3+2s2+3s+1
by s3, and converting the numerator to a cascade of integrators
with feedforward paths, realise the signal flow graph for H(s)
in phase variable form. This is a form in which each state
(represented by a node in the signal flow graph) is connected
to the next by an integrator 1/s.
[You should primarily get three states cascaded by integrators,
i.e., each involves the derivative of the last one, together with appropriate feedforward and feedback paths.]
5. Obtain the Y/X transfer function of the block shown in Fig. P5.
EEL 205/PS2
v t
( )
R
L
C
P1a
iv t
( )
o
L
v t
( )
iCR
12v t
( )
o
P1b
v t
( )
R
L
C
P1a
iv t
( )
o
L
v t
( )
iCR
12v t
( )
o
P1b
v t
( )
R
L
C
P1a
iv t
( )
o
L
v t
( )
iCR
12v t
( )
o
P1b
v t
( )
R
L
C
P1a
iv t
( )
o
L
v t
( )
iCR
12v t
( )
o
P1b
( )
LL
v t
( )
iR
12
v t
( )
o
P3
2
R1v t
( )
m
i t
i( )
i t
o
f
a
b
c
d
e
+
++
++
+
X
Y
P5
fc +ac
1ace ab dc +abcd
pf2

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EEL 205 Control Engineering

Practice Problem Set 2

1. Determine the transfer functions V

o

( s )/ V i

( s) for the two electrical networks shown in Fig. P1a and P1b. Also

obtain the impulse response vo ( t ) for impulse applied as vi ( t ).

RCs + 1

R

[(

L

2

s / C

+ R / C

]

L

2

s + R

L

1

L

2

s

3

+ RL

1

s

2

[(

L

1

+ L

2

C

]

s + R / C

2. Determine the time variation of the outputs from the following transfer functions when they are fed with the

specified inputs.

(a) Steady state output of H ( s ) =

s + 1)

2

s + 2)( s + 3)

; u ( t ) = 10 sin 5 t

(b) Complete output of H ( s ) =

s + 1)( s + 2)

s

s + 3)( s + 4)

; u ( t ) = 1 for t m 0; 0 otherwise.

y ( t ) = 8.28 sin 5 t +

; y ( t ) =

t

2

e

− 3 t

e

− 4 t

3. Obtain the block diagram and signal flow

graph for the circuit in Fig. P3. By either

way, obtain the transfer function of the

network as V o

( s )/ V i

( s ).

Either way you should get a transfer function H ( s ) =

R

1

R

2

L

1

L

2

s

2

[

R

2

/ L

2

+ R

1

/ L

1

+ R

1

/ L

2

]

s +

R

1

R

2

L

1

L

2

4. By dividing the numerator and denominator of

H ( s ) =

s

2

  • 3 s + 3

s

3

  • 2 s

2

  • 3 s + 1

by s

3

, and converting the numerator to a cascade of integrators

with feedforward paths, realise the signal flow graph for H ( s )

in phase variable form. This is a form in which each state

(represented by a node in the signal flow graph) is connected

to the next by an integrator 1/ s.

[You should primarily get three states cascaded by integrators,

i.e., each involves the derivative of the last one, together with appropriate feedforward and feedback paths.]

5. Obtain the Y / X transfer function of the block shown in Fig. P.

EEL 205/PS

v t

R

L

C

P1a

i

v t

o

L

v t

i

C

R

1

2

v t

o

P1b

v t

R

L

C

P1a

i

v t

o

L

v t

i

C

R

1

2

v t

o

P1b

v t

R

L

C

P1a

i

v t

o

L

v t

i

C

R

1

2

v t

o

P1b

v t

R

L

C

P1a

i

v t

o

L

v t

i

C

R

1

2

v t

o

P1b

L

L

v t

i

R

1

2

v t

o

P

2

R

1

v t

m

i t

i

i t

o

f

a

b

c

d

e

+

+

+

+

+

+

X

Y

P

fc + ac

1 − aceabdc + abcd

6. Fig. P6 show the basic block diagram of a speed feedback controlled DC motor. The parameters in a typical

case are R a

= 1Ω, L

a

= 20mH, k t

= 1Nm/A, c = 0.02Nm-s, and J = 0.04kgm

2

. The output error controller gain k

can be set at different values. Consider the control system performance for k = 4 and k = 40. By block diagram

reduction, obtain the open-loop (feedback from ω to ω

ref

absent) and closed-loop transfer functions (feedback

from ω to ω

ref

present) for the system.

Convert each closed-loop transfer function to a time differential equation between ω

ref

and ω, and obtain the

steady state values of ω in terms of ω

ref

for both gains. How are the reference and output speeds related as the

gain k tends to infinity? Find the step response of the system in each case when the reference speed, originally

at 100rad/s, is suddenly increased by 5rad/s.

[For k = 4, ω l 0.8 ω

ref

. For k = 40, ω l 0.975 ω

ref

. As k tends to infinity, ω = ω

ref

]

EEL 205/PS

_

_

_

_

k

L s

a

R

a

k

t

k

t

Js

c

ref

MOTOR

CONTROL

P