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FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA
OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
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loth Year No. 55 ADDIS ABABA- 19thJuly, 2004
"71D-8ij, (^) CONTENTS
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Proclamation No. 410/ Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Proclamation .oo... Page 2673
1'l'~ cfc~C iII/liil]! PROCLAMATION NO. 410/2004.
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A PROCLAMATION TO PROTECT
COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBORING
RIGHTS
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WHEREAS, literary, artistic and similar
creative works have a major role to enhance the
cultural, social, economic, scientific and
technological development of a Country;
rp'~,)IJ.t;:T rtl~'J'f11)S' +oo"-"-.e rLm(,. ta~sPT"} WHEREAS, it is necessary to protect works
~m.;1-"'I 1"'I~l.? f1°thS'aJ~ tat.sPT "'.e +tJ"'I~ that make literary, artistic and similar creative
001).y.T"} f1i1t? 'h~:JoS' ootamT~ Tf1~. "'I~l.?
works productive by recognizing neighboring
11 taL'" 1. Ooolf~ T rights by law;
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00 NOW,^ THEREFORE,^ in accordance with Article
"}"P'T 11"}+1\ ~(;/fi/ oolPl.T rOth+l~ (^) 55(1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic :l'~{A:: Republic of Ethiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:
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PART ONE
GENERAL PROVISIONS
A 1\4Ifl-C c{)n (^) 1. Short Title
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This Proclamation may be cited as "Copyright
and Neighboring Rights Protection Proclamation
No. 410/2004,"
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UnitPrice
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2. Definition
I]AtJ'~ In this Proclamation unless the context otherwise requires:
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11 "Audio-visual work" means a work that consists of a series of related images, which impart the impression of motion, with or without accompanying sounds, susceptible of being made visible; by any appropriate device, and includes a cinematographic or other film.
2/ "Author" means the person who has
intellectually created a work and includes-
a) in the case of a computer program, person who
. has created the program; b) in the case of a photograph, the person responsible for its composition.
31 "Broadcasting," means transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds.
41 "Broadcasting organization" means a radio, television, and cable television station or satellite.
5/ "Collective work" means a literary and artistic
work created by two or more physical persons at the initiative and under the direction of a person with the understanding that it will be disclosed in the name of the latter person without indicating the identity of the contributor;
6/ "Communication to the public" means the transmission by wire or without wire images or sounds or both of a work, a performance, a sound recording or a broadcast in such a way that the images or sounds can be perceived by a person outside the normal circle of a family and its closest social acquaintance at a place or places so distant from the place where the transmission originates, that without the transmission the images or sounds would not be perceivable and, further, irrespective of whether the persons can receive the images or sounds at the same place and time, or at different places and lor times individually chosen by them;
7/ "computer program" means a set of instructions, expressed in words, codes, schemes or in any other form, which is capable, when incorporated in a machine-readable medium, of causing a computer to perform or achieve a particular task or result.
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Federal Negarit Gazeta- No. 55 19'h July. 2004... Page
19/ "Perfonner" means actor, singer, musician, dancer, and other person who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, or otherwise perfonn literary and artistic works;
20/ "Producer" means a person that undertakes the initiative and responsibility for the making of the audiovisual works;
21/ "Producer of sound recording" means a person that undertakes the initiative and responsibility for the making of Sound recording works;
22/ "Published work" means a work or a sound recording, tangible copies of which have been made available to the public in a reasonable quantity for sale, rental, public lending or for other transfer of the ownership or the possession of the copies, provided that, in the case of a work, the making available to the public took place with the consent of the author or other owner of copyright, and in the case of a sound recording, with the consent of the producer of the sound recording."
23/ "Public lending" means a temporary transfer of possession of an original'work or a copy of a work or sound recoding by libraries, archives or similar institutions whose service is available to the public without making profit;
24/ "Public perfonnance" mean:
public by acting or using any
a) Perfonning a work to the recitation, playing, dancing, otherwise, either directly or communication media; b) In case of an audio-visual work, showing the images in sequence and; c) In case of sound recording making the sound recording audible to the public.
25/ "Reproduction" means the making of one or more copies of a work or sound recording in any manner or fonn, including any pennanent or temporary storage of work or sound recording in electronic fonn;
26/ "Reprographic reproduction" means the making of facsimile copies of the original or a copy of a work by means other than printing such as photocopying, whether or not they are reduced or enlarged in scale;
27/ "Rental" means a temporary transfer of possession of a work, sound recording or fixation of perfonnance for a profit making purposes;
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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly. 2004...^ Page
28/ "Sound recording" means an exclusively aural fixation of the sounds of a perfonnance or other sounds or a representation thereof, regardless of the method by which the sounds are fixed or the medium in which the sounds are embodied. However, it does not include a fixation of sound and images such as the sound track of an audiovisual work;
29/ (^) "A work of joint ownership" means a work to the creation of which two or more authors have contributed, provided that the work does not qualify as a 'collective work' under Sub Article (5) of this Article.
30/ (^) "Work" means a production in the literary, scientific and Artistic fields. It includes in particular:
a) books, booklets, articles in reviews and newspaper, computer programs;
b) speeches, lectures, addresses, sennons, and other oral works;
c) dramatic, dramatico-musical works, pantomimes, choreographic works, and other works created for stage production;
d) musical compositions; e) audiovisual works; f) works of architecture; g) works of drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, lithography, tapestry, and other works of fine arts; h) photographic works; i) illustrations, maps, plans, sketches, and three dimensional works related to geography, topography, architecture or science.
3, Scope of application
11 The provisions of this Proclamation concerning the protection of works shall apply to: a) works of authors who are nationals of, or have their principal residence in Ethiopia;
b) works first published in Ethiopia and,
works first published abroad and also
published in Ethiopia within 30 days,
irrespective of the nationality or residence
of their authors;
c) audiovisual works, the producer of which has his headquarters or principal residence in Ethiopia; and
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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. 55 (^) 19'" July. 2004.... Page
4. Derivative works
11 The following shall be protected as works:
a) translation, adaptations, arrangements and other transformations or modifications of works b) collection of works such as encyclopedia or anthologies or databases whether in machine readable or other form provided that such collections are original by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents.
2/ The protection of any work referred to in Sub Article (1) of this Article shall be without prejudice to any protection of a preexisting work incorporated in or utilized for the making of such a work.
5. Subject Matter not protected
Notwithstanding the Provisions of Articles 2,3 and 4 of this Proclamation the following matters shall not be protected;
a) Any idea, procedures, system, method of operation, concept, formula, numerical tables and forms of general use, principle, discovery or mere date, even if expressed, described, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work; and b) Any official text of a legislative, administrative or of legal nature, as well as official translations thereof.
PART TWO
REOUIREMENT FOR PROTECTION. TYEP &
SCOPE OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS
- Requirements for protection
1/ The author ofa work shall, irrespective of the quality of the work and the purpose for which the work may have been created, be entitled to protection, for his work without any formality' and upon creation where it is:
.
a) Original; and
b) Fixed.
2/ Photographic works, in addition to the requirements laid down in Sub-Article (1) of this Article, shall be protected where they:
a) form part of a collection or are published in a book or; b) bear the name and address of the author or his agent.
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Federal Negarit Gazeta (^) - No. 55 19th July,^ 2004...^ Pagt
3/ The protection afforded by Sub-Article (1) of this Article to the author of a work shall not be affected by any right accruing to a sound recording producer or broadcaster or a performer under this Proclamation.
- Economic Rights 11 Subject to the provisions of Articles 9 to 19 of this Proclamation the author or owner of a work shall have the exclusive right to carry out or authorize the following acts in relation to the work:
a) reproduction of the work; b) translation of the work; c) adaptation, arrangement or other transformation of the work; d) distribution of the original or a copy of the work to the public by sale or rental; e) importation of original or copies of the work; f) public display of !he original or a copy of the work; g) performance of the work; h) broadcasting of the work; i) other communication ofthe work to the public.
2/ The Provisions of Sub-Article (1) (d) of this Article shall not apply to rental or public lending of computer program except where the program is an essential object of the rental or lending.
3/ In case of original work of art or original manuscript of a writer or a composer, the author or his heirs shall have the inalienable right to have a share of the resell price of the work subsequent to the first transfer of the work by the author. The amount of the share as well as the condition of entitlement shall be determined by the regulation that may be issued under this Proclamation
8. Moral Rights
11 The author of the work shall have the following moral rights irrespective of whether or not he is owner of economic rights;
a) to claim authorship of his work, except where the work is included, incidentally or accidentally, in reporting current events by means of broadcasting; b) to remain anonymous or to use a pseudonym; and c) to object any distortion, mutilation or other alteration of his work, where such an act is or would be prejudicial to his honor or reputation. d) to publish his work.
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Federal '\egarit Gazeta - 1\0 55 I9'h July. 2004 (^) pag~J 2682 L
- Reproduction for Teaching
Notwithstand: .Ig the provision of Article 7 (1) (a) of this Proclam..tion the owner of copyright cannot forbid, withOlt exceeding fair practice and the extent justified l-..'the purpose, a reproduction of a published work or sound recording for the purpose of teaching.
A copy made in accordance with the preceding Sub-Article shall indicate, as far as practicable, the sources of the work or sound recording reproduced and the name of the autheor
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tD~r (^) - oot'1A 12. Reproduction by Libraries, Archives and Similar Institutions
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- Notwithstanding the provision of Article 7 (1) (a) of this Proclamation, the owner of copyright cannot forbid a reproduction of a work by a library, archive, memorial hall, museum or similar institutions whose activity directly or indirectly is not for gain
- A library or archive can make a reproduction of a published Article, short work or short extract of a work to satisfy the request of a physic~l person, provided that:
a) the library or archive is satisfied that the copy will be used solely for the purpose of study, scholarship or private research, b) the act or reproduction is an isolated case occurring, if repeated, on separate and unrelated occasion, and
c) there is no available administrative organization which the educational institution is aware of, which can afford a collective license of reproduction
3/ A copy of work, under Sub-Article (1) of this article shall be made:
a) to preserve and, if necessary to replace a copy or a copy which has been lost, destroyed or rendered unusable in the permanent collection of another similar library or archive, (^).
b) where it is impossible to obtain a copy under re.asonable conditions, and
c) the act or reproduction is an isolated one occurring and if repeated on separate and unrelated occasions.
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Federal Negarit Gazeta (^) - No. 55 191hJuly, 2004... (^) Page
- Reproduction, Broadcasting and other Communication to the Public for informatory purpose
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (a), (h) and (i) of this Proclamation, subject to the obligation to indicate the source and the name of the author as far as practicable; the owner of copyright cannot forbid:
11 the reproduction in a newspaper or periodical, the broadcasting or other communication to the public of an Article published in a newspaper or periodical on current economic, political, social ro religious or similar topics unless the right or authorize reproduction or broadcasting or the communication to the public is expressly reserved on the copies by the author or owner of copyright or in connection with broadcasting or other communication to the public of the work;
2/ reproduction and broadcasting or other communication to the public of short excerpts of a work seen or heard for the purpose of reporting current events.
3/ the reproduction in a newspaper or periodical, the broadcasting or other communication to the public of a political speech, lecture, address, sermon or other work of a similar nature delivered in public, or a speech delivered during legal proceedings, to the extent justified by the purpose of providing current information.
- Reproduction and Adaptation of computer program
1/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (a) and (c) of this proclamation, the owner or copyright can not forbid a single copy reproduction, or adaptation of a computer program. 2/ The reproduction or adaptation of a computer program, under the preceding Sub Article, is permissible when it is found necessary to make;
a) use of a computer program with a computer for the purpose and extent for which the computer program has been obtained, b) a back up copy by a person having a right to use the computer program in so far as it is necessary to ensure future use, or
c) adaptation that is indispensable for using the computer program in conjunction with a machine for the purpose, and to the extent of use, for which the program has been lawfully obtained.
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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. 55 19'"July, 2004... Page (^2685)
2/ Incase of a work of joint authorship, the tenn of fifty years shall commence to run from the death of the last surviving author.
3/ The tenn of 50 years of a posthumous work shall commence to run from the date of publication of the work.
41 Where the work is a work of collective work , other than an audiovisual work, the economic rights shall be protected for fifty years from'the date on which the work was either made or first made available to the public, or first published, which ever date is the latest.
51 Where the work is a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym, the economic rights shall be protected for fifty years from the date on which -the work was either made~r first made available to the public or first published, which ever date is the latest.
61 Where the author's identity is revealed or is no longer in doubt, prior to the period indicated in Sub-Article (5) of this article, the provisions of Sub-Article (1) or (2) of this Article shall apply, as the case may be.
71 The economic rights relating to a photographic work shall be protected for twenty-five years from the making of the work.
8/ The economic rights relating to an audiovisual work shall be protected for fifty years beginning from the date of making of the work or communication of the work to the public, which ever date is the latest.
PART THREE
OWNERS OF RIGHT AND PRESUMPTIONS
- Original Ownership of Economic Right
1/ Without prejudice to Sub-Article (2) to (6) of
this Article, the original owner of the
economic rights shall be the author who has
created the work.
2/ Where the work is a work of several authors ,
the co-authors shall be the original joint
owners of the economic rights.
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Federal Negarit Gazeta (^) - No. 55 \g'h JUly12004 Page
31 Where the work is a collective work, the person
at whose initiative and under whose direction
the work has been created shall be the original
owner of the rights:
4/ Where the work is a work created by an author employed or Commissioned by a person in the course of his employment or contract of service, unless agreed otherwise, the original owner of the rights shall be the employer or the person who commissioned the work. 5/ Where the work is an audiovisual work:
a) the producer shall be the owner of the economic rights. However, the script writer, Director, Cameraman, lyricist, composer and other authors thereof shall enjoy the right of authorship in the work, and have the right to receive remuneration pursuant to contract concluded with the producer.
b) the authors of the screen play, musical works and other works that are incorporated in an audiovisual work and can be exploited separately shall be entitled to exercise their copyright independently.
6/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article (5) of this Article, the co-authors of the audiovisual work and the authors of the pre-existing works included in, or adapted for the making of the audiovisual work shall maintain their rights in their contributions or pre-existing wor~, respectively, to the extent those contributions or pre-existing work can be subject of acts covered by their economic rights separately from the audiovisual work.
- Presumption of Authorship and Representation the Author 11 Without prejudice to any proof to the contrary, the person in whose name the work was published shall be deemed to be the author thereof.
2/ The author may claim the benefit of the
presumption of the preceding Sub Article
notwithstanding that he used a pseudonym,
provided that there is no doubt as to his
identity. 3/ Without prejudice to Sub-Articles (1) and (2) of this Article, the publisher whose name appears on the work shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to represent the author and, in this c~pacity, shall be entitled to exercise and enforce the moral and economic rights of the author. This presumption shall cease to apply when the author reveals his identity.
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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. SS 19'"July. 2004^ Page
2/ A revocation in accordance with Sub Article
(1) shall not be effected where the non
exercise or inadequate exercise of a right is
primarily due to circumstances which the
author can be expected to remedy.
3/ The right to revoke an assignment or a license
in accordance with Sub Article (1) shall not be
exercised earlier than 3 years from the date of
assignment or license or if the work is supplied
subsequently, from the date of delivery of the
work.
4/ The right of revocation referred to in Sub
Article (1) of this Article may not be waived
in advance.
PART FIVE
PROTECTION OF PERFORMERS, PRODUCERS OF
SOUND RECORDINGS AND BROADCASTING
ORGANIZATIONS
26. Acts requiring authorization of performers
II Without prejudice to the provision of Article
32 of this Proclamation, a performer shall
have the exclusive right to carry out or
authorize:
. a) the broadcasting or other communication to the public of his perfonnance, except where the broadcasting or the other communication:
- (^) is made from a fixation of the perfonnance which the perfonner has authorized to be made; or
11. is a rebroadcasting made or author-
ized by the organization initially
broadcasting the performance;
b) the fixation of his unfixed performance, c) the reproduction of a fixation of his performance, in any manner or form, d) making available the first fixation of his performance, or copies thereof; e) rental or public lending of a fixation of his perfonnance, or copies thereof irrespective of the ownership of the copy rented or lent; f) making his fixed performance available to the public by wire or wireless. means, in such a way that members of the public may have access to them from a place or at a time individually chosen by them.
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#### h"~ ooh~h~^ 1\J',"f~9'": _gl_ (^) _h"~_ h"'- fle:'°7.Y'e _0011-1:_ m-"'- fD _J',9'"_ J',tJ")~ _0011.}-_ t)la.,.""L9'" _a:\" f°7.h.,.t\-.}-_ 0011-f"f _J',e:'~;J-~:_ 0. fh.,~m- _1\m:J-+9'"_ fh"~,,) "7,,)~.}- oo'l'+la f"7Yla"f~ t)~IY~ _a+c h.,~m-_ _a_ +'1' :I" ,."" t;:. fD _J',9'" a 1:9'",)_^ 6f1C"l^ _")'"_ + ~,)^ _"7,,)~-I:_^ A")"l;J-fD""^ f"7^ _I:_^ ~^ _'"I:_ #### ". a~lrm-^ "J',^ f°7.~~'"^ 00"1l.}- : _ool/-Ir~_ 'I' fD _J',9'"_^ 1\."^ _"7ifif_^ Y la~,,)'i _h11~,,)_ (^) f°7."'-'5 hlY~ foo:J-fD9'": _m._ flf.tJ 1\"~ 1\")+,)^ ~^ (I)^ A'i^ (r) #### I: ")^ ~ 1.9'"f A") -'5'"111 (1.^ a^ If.tJ^ 1\").,.,) _a",oo"h.,.m-_ fh"~ _0011.}-_^ _"J', .,.L'°7._ J',1Y'it\-:: _(;1_ alf.tJ ht;:~ f.,.oo"h-l:.}- 0011-f"f _h.,~m- a 1:9'"_ ,)^ 6hC"l _")'"1 '"I".t;:~.}-_ t)11a.}- fD _J',9'" '"I".t;:~.}- a_ I\. " 1.11. _h.,~m- h.,.L8ooa.}-_ f}oo.}- OOQ;}.~if ~9'"e' (^) "2 f}oo.}-^ 8")-f _J',I/-_ Y~: : ### fi. r~~~.~8.~f\C~'l._O!~"'~ #### iiI alf.tJ 1\"~ 1\")+,)^ t;~^ f"'~~11m- _A,,)~"'ma+_ lYe:' _"7")~m-9'"_ fl:9'"') 6f1CI: Te' "lm-f'lC _f°7.h.,.t\-.}-") "OOL89'"_ fD _J',9'" "'la"'~_ _fD1,,)_ A") _"lL')"7=fm-_ "oot;:.,. _I: 11=f~ 0011.}- J',cr_ ~.,~: 0. _a"7")~m-9'"_ 1\~:\,,) _fDJ',9'" oo~h fl:9'"iJ_ 6f1C~ ")^ f"711".}-: ". f^ _1:9'",)_^ 6f1C ~ ") ..,.~9'"f fD~ 01C m-la'l' f"7la111.}- I _m._ aff Y6f.I"'i oof'l~ fll"o. .}-~.}-^ _"7la"'''''~Y 00")1 I:_ aTe' "l m-f'l~ _L:J- I: "laC_ 6f.I".}- _y~+~a_ fl:9'"') 6f1C"l _")'"1_ )'6~'i~ #### fD J',9'" ""1l m-")^ "ih 1111 f"7f'1lrQ;}..}-: 00. _"h.IrJ',_ fD _J',9'"_ "m-f'l.}- f.,. _~a_ ""1l _"J',_ y" ll"o..}-~.}-^ _h'"l9'".}-_^ _1tJ',111_^ f^ _1:9'",)_ ### 6f1C I: ..,.~ "ih 1111 ah.1r J', fD J',9'" am-f'l.}- f"7""~11: Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly. 2004... Page 2/ The provisions of Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall not be applicable where' the perfonner has authorized the incorporation of his perfonnance in a visual or audiovisual fixation. 3/ Notwithstanding the provision of Sub-Article (1) of this Article, the perfonner can not forbid the reproduction and the communication to the public of his perfonnance, if it is accessory to an event constituting the principal subject of a scene, or of a work, or of an audio-visual document. #### 4/ The performer independently of his economic #### rights or even after the transfer of that right shall #### have the right: a) to be identified as the perfonner as regards his live perfonnances, the perfonnances fixed in sound recordings, except where omission is dictated by the manner of the use of the perfonnance. b) object to any distortion, mutilation or other modification of his perfonnances that would be prejudicial to his reputation. c) the provision of Article 8 (2) and (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the right of perfonners granted in this Article. 5/ The right referred in this section shall be protected until the end of the fiftieth Calendar year, following the year in which the perfonnance was fixed in a sound recording or in the absence of such fixation, ITom the end of the year in which the perfonnance took place. 7. Exclusive rights of. producers of sound recordings #### 1/ Without prejudice to the provisions of Article #### 28 of this proclamation, a producer of a #### sound recording shall have the exclusive #### right to carry out or to authorize: a) reproduction of his sound recordings, in any manner or fonn; b) importation of copies of his sound recordings; c) distribution to the public the original or copies of his sound recordings, that have not already been subject to a distribution authorized by the producer, by sale or other means of transfer of ownership d) Rental or lending to the public a copy of the sound recording, irrespective of the ownership of the copy rented or lent. (^1) fli'U~jli _I..fl..M>._ ~.?6.}- _.?IL"I 4I'I'C~?;_ "'P"I\..HI +'} _.Hilj);_ (^) 'f.P" _II_ oh"1-~ OTe' -'tOJ-"'~ oot,hA^ f+t\f^ {)9"9" ~T _ht\.t\_ o.,.c f ~9"" ~f1C-'t '}.,^ Te' -'tOJ-"'~ OIlU _h'}+"_ '}().{)^ _h,}"''' (Ii) OOlPl.T_ t,11OJ- 1R. _i\.e_ "O"/O''} _t\h,,1._ .ehtt:i\A: _rl_ OH.U _h'}+"_ f+~~11OJ-'} "'OOfl,fl,=-t htt:.r fO"/.,1T OO11T f~9"" ~tIC-'t '}1. h;J-+OO OT 1.1t 1:9"e' _m.e9"_ f~9"" ~t)C-'t '}1- .rA _;J-+OO_ Otr~ 1.1t "H-tt:~T t,11oT .,.'} 1:9"e' _Nl_ ~oo T fJ'}'" .e~ .r A: : #### 01. filC"~~i:1&Wf 1:C1.-"'"f #### ~cJ!-+., L.?1: roy,m.e.cfc Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19'" July. 2004.^ Page 2/ Unless otherwise agreed between the performers and the producer, half of the amount received by the producer under Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall be paid by the producer to the performer. 3/ The right to an equitable remuneration under this Article shall subsist from the date of publication of the sound recording until the end of 50 years following the year of publication, or when the sound recording has not been published, from the date of fixation of the sound recording until the end of the fiftieth year following the year of fixation. #### 31. Acts requiring authorization of broadcasting #### ~I 0"/'}t;:OJ-9" f11e'~t,{)-t'}., ~C~T fOlh+t\- organization #### T"j t\^00 L.fJ9" m .e9" 1t'}-'t L.fJOO-^ t\^ oott:'"^ ~ _11T t;:_^ OO11T .elf^ _l._^ "A : U. 11e' ~t,{)i:,}^ 1t'}~ 1~^ 11e' ~t,{)T^ _fO"/~l.": t\._ 11e'~t,{)i: "H-tt:~T 1t'}-'t.r1=-t _fO"/~l.": m._ "H-tt:~T .r11OJ-'} 11e'~t,{)i:,} fo"/lltjT _fll_ OIlU _h,}"'''_ '}().{)^ _h,}"'''_ (l!) f+~~11OJ- (^00) 11T 11e'~t,{) T h+ _~l._ 10 T 1.1t 1:9"e' _t\'/.r_ ~OOT fJ'}'" .e~.rA:: 01. rODiJ""u~f1"f OH.U _h"~ hh,}"'''_ t!~ _1t{)h e9li .rt\-T_ OO11"'"f _hOlh+t\-T_ ~C1."'"f ;JC 0+ .r _.rH_ +L. _,Ol_ ~T _ri\TOJ-9":_ IJ. _m:t»:r'P. OOl.J{ t\0"/:t»l.11 h{)L.1t_ 1. 1t{)htr~ _~l.fa hh,}~_ ~~ _i\.e_ Oh6J!>~ f+m",~ OOfl''rtt:"f'} _t\m:t»;J-'P. IJ.~;J- H_ foom+9": _t\_. _t\_ I).e '}I)'P. _9"C9"C ~i\_ 0"/ fO"/lltj T : _m. t\O"/{)+O"/~.r~T m.e9" 0"/11~~.r t\oo{)mT_ f _;J-+oo- h,}"~9'"f m.e9"_ f ~9"" ~t)C-'t .,.,'} 1).eQ;t9"C ~T _t\4I.T t\°"/{)+O"/C ~i\0"/_ fO"/ll tjT 11;1= : 00. Ohtt:A _1J.t\_ T 0 +m +"'OJ- 00 _lP_^ _l._ T^ h^ '}~ '} ~ ~ .r _t\ hOD'}_ "1. OJ-^ _m_ .e9"^ t\. _i\_^ f:t»~ OO11T _llt\fl.i:_ L.:i-~ _oom+9"_ OUl;1=A 11 _TOJ-_ IJ.~:1' 9'"f : ### h~A "~n+ nt\ 01111.,."f .,. L.,oy, ~T _I]J;:._ R'lU..r~'i+ nt\oy,(JJ"'~ 1tC"'~9'"f _~I_ tt:C~ fl.T: II. O:t»J{. _9"h'}.rT rUlL.mC'}_ fOO11T _1"'1)_ t\oohi\hA O+t\.e9" f"9"~h _ht\.~_ '}()'} Q;tC"'OJ- _m~ h1C_ OJ-fa'r fUl1R-T'} Q;t9"{~ 1t:i-9'"f _m_ ~ '}., ~ OJ-{)'r 1t'}~.e 10. _t\0"/~l..,:_ #### 1/ A broadcasting organization shall have the #### exclusive right to carry out or authorize; #### a) Rebroadcasting of its broadcasts; #### b) Fixation of its broadcasts; #### c) Reproduction of a fixation of its #### broadcast. #### 2/ The rights under this Article shall be protected from #### the moment the broadcast takes place until the #### expiry of 20 years following the year in which the #### broadcasttook place. #### 32. Limitations of right #### The rights referred to in Articles 26-31 shall not #### apply to acts related to; #### a) using short excerpts for reporting current #### events to the extent justified by the purpose #### of providing current information; #### reproduction solely for scientific research; #### reproduction solely for the purpose of face- #### to-face teaching activities, except for #### performances and sound recordings which #### have been published as teaching or #### instructional materials; #### cases where, under Prt II, a work can be #### used without the authorization of the author #### or other owner of copyright. #### b) #### c) #### d) ##### PART SIX ##### ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS 33. Provisional measures 1/ The court shall order prompt and effective provisional measures: a) to prevent an infringement of a right from occurring, in particular to prevent the entry into channels of commerce goods, including imported goods immediately after customs clearance, _'/10_ (^) ~i'i.];.~j~ _"-Y.t-.(;\. ~.?tT_ ;JIL'" ./t7r. :/(.' ,hll"lI. 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(luufamT_ .,.~~ 111 _f..1e;_ OD.+fT _ht\(lT:_ Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19'"July. 2004...^ Page b) to preserve relevant evidence in regard to the alleged infringement. _21_ The court shall have the power to adopt provisional measures, in audita altera parte where appropriate, in particular where any delay is likely to cause irreparable harm to the right holder, or where there is a demonstrable risk of evidence being destroyed. _31_ In a suit for restraining the defendant from committing an infringement, the plaintiff may apply to the court for a temporary injunction to restrain the infringement until the suit is disposed of. The court: . a) shall consider if the threatened interest can not be redressed by awarding damages, whether the threat is imminent, the prima facie strength of the action and the gravity of the prejudices a decision for or against may cause to either of the parties in deciding an application of injunction. b) may grant injunction on such terms as to the duration of the injunction, keeping an account, giving security or otherwise, as it thinks fit. c) may make a deeper investigation of the relative strength of the parties before granting a temporary injunction where the applications of the above criteria put the parties on equal position. _41_ Where an act that infringes the rights protected under this law is committed, the provisions of the civil procedure and the criminal procedure codes on search and seizure shall be applicable. (^51) The court shall have the power to require the applicant to provide evidence in order to satisfy it with a sufficient degree of certainty that the applicant is the right holder and that the applicant's right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent, and to order the applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse. _61_ Where provisional measures have been adopted inaudita altera parte, the parties affected ~hall be given notice, without delay after the execution of the measures at the latest. A review, including a right to be heard, shall take place upon request of the defendant with a view to deciding, with in a reasonable period after the notification of the measures, whether these measures shall be modified, revoked or confirmed.
