CPAR REVIEWER FOR 2ND QUARTER, Study notes of Art

Download CPAR REVIEWER FOR 2ND QUARTER and more Study notes Art in PDF only on Docsity! † JMJ Lovely Jewel Adelaide T. Jaro STEM 12B EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE ART Our history as a nation was a story of four centuries of conquest. 1. Pre-colonial (Before 1521) 2. Hispanic Period (1521-1898) 3. American Period (1898-1941) 4. Japanese Period (1940-1945) 5. Post War Republic (1946-1969) 6. 1970’s-Contemporary ❖ Pre-colonial Arts 1. Literature o Rich repository o Folk speeches o Folk songs o Folk narratives o Indigenous rituals a. Folk Speeches ▪ Riddles- talingahaga (metaphor) ▪ Two different objects therefore test the keen analytical ability of the listener. • Tigno- Cebuano • Bugtong-Tagalog • Paktakon- Ilonggo • Patototdon- Bicol b. Proverbs or Aphorisms ▪ Rules of conduct and community beliefs which instill values through short verses with rhyme with full of wisdom. ▪ TANAGA- insights and lessons on life according to life experiences • Basahanon- Panay • Daraida- Bukidnon • Daragilon- Pana c. Folk Song ▪ Folk lyric expressing the relationships, lesson, about aspirations of people in the community. ▪ Repetitive, Sonorous, Didactic and Naïve. • Ida Ida- Maguindanao (Children Song) • Tulang Pambata- Tagalog • Cansiones para abbing- Ibanag • Ili-Ili- Iloilo (lullabies) • Harana- Cebu (serenade) • Ambahan- Mangyans • Kalusan- Ivatan (Livelihood) • Mambayu- Kalinga (Pounding Rice) • Soliranin- Tagalog (rowing song) d. Folk Narratives ▪ These are epic folk tales such as legends which explains the world, places, animals and other creations. (fables) ▪ Monkey and the Turtle ▪ Epics • Darangen- Maranao • Hudhud- Ifugao • Ulahingan- Manobo Songs or Chants • Bi-ag ni Lam-ang- Ilocos • Darangen- Maranao • Hinilawod- Sulod/ Panay • Kudaman- Palawan • Tudbulol- T’boli 2. Visual Art a. Pottery ▪ This is one of the most ancient arts during the pre-colonial Philippines. • Manunggul Jar- excavated in Palawan during 8th century • Huge Burial Jar has a cover of two men rowing a boat. (Afterlife) b. Weaving ▪ It evolved from pre-colonial communities and has been a traditional source of living. ▪ Textiles and blankets with blackstrap loom for daily needs, religious rites and rituals. • T’nalak- Tboli Tribe (South Cotabato) c. Sculpture ▪ Carving in the Cordilleras focus on the Anito figures called BULUL. (ancestral spirits and gods) • Okir- Ornate curvilinear designs carved in woods (Maranao & Tausug) • Sarimanok- bird painted in multi-color • Pako Rabong- fern with broad base d. Jewelry Making ▪ Pre-colonial dwellers adorn themselves with highly intricate ornaments made of precious metals such as gold. • Ling ling o- fertility • T’boli wear the most splendid ornaments of brass such as multicolored beads for neckpieces, earrings, bracelets and anklets. (pleases god and social status) e. Dances ▪ These are performed during special occasions such as birth, baptism, circumcision, puberty rites, courtship, weddings, during illness and death. ▪ Mandadawak, Bayok, Catalonan, Tagbanua, and Babaylan enters a trance while the shaman offers sacrifices. • Aetas- Zambales (Monkey and fish) • Higaonan- (hawk and monkey dances) • Tausug and Samal in Sulu- butterfly dances ❖ Hispanic Conquest 1. Literature a. Poetry ▪ Lyrics or Narratives (Religious Poetry) ▪ Interpreters translate Spanish verses into Tagalog- Catechism • DALIT- has no fixed rhyme scheme and they are identifiable only by their solemn tone and spiritual topic. • PASYON- religion narrative poetry which recounts the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ WHAT IS PHILIPPINE ABOUT PHILIPPINE ART? - Depictions of scenes of everyday life and the surroundings 1. Carlos Francisco o Most expressive of the ethos of the race and agricultural countryside o Heroic-epic feeling for history and myth o Also painted festivals and town happenings 2. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo o “The Most Filipino Painter ever” o Unique painterly approach using surrealistic and cubistic beginnings and underpinnings o “Whatever you are painting or sculpting, if you are a good artist, your work will automatically be Filipino.” - Confusion in cultural identity stems from the fact that Philippine art belongs to the Western tradition in its use of paint and canvas and other materials, as well as in influences as impressionism, expressionism, surrealism, cubism, pop, minimalism, and so on. - Modern art movements in ASEAN region are inspired by Western models. Looking Back at Philippine Art 1. Painting and Sculpture o 16th century when Spaniards arrived o Spaniards used paintings as religious propaganda o Purpose of most paintings from 16th-19th centuries was to aid the Catholic church o In the early 19th century, Filipino art deviates from religious motifs ▪ Watercolor paintings ▪ Landscapes, Filipino inhabitants, Philippine fashion, government officials o Portrait painting of painters, Filipino jewelry, native furniture, day to day scenes of Filipinos ▪ Done on canvas, woods, and a variety of metals o The first art school was established by Damien Domingo in 1820 o In the 1800’s, Filipino painters won recognition abroad. ▪ Mariano Madrinan – King Alfonso XIII’s medal and diploma of honor in the Amsterdam International Exposition of 1884 ▪ Juan Luna’s Spolarium – first prize at an art competition in Madrid o During World War 2, painters focused their artwork on the effects of war, including battle scene, destruction, and suffering. o The University of the Philippines and the University of Santo Tomas have done much in providing formal education in fine arts. o Europe has a great influence in Philippine arts. ▪ Fernando Zobel - came out with a book on religious sculpture in the Philippines ▪ Galo Ocampo – edited book on the same subject o Several museums and permanent galleries are the National Museum, the Luz Gallery, and the Solidaridad Gallery. Well-known groups are the Art Association of Sculptors, and the Association of Printmakers. 2. Weaving o Many threads being measured, cut, and mounted on a wooden platform; threads are dyed and weaved on a loom. o Before the Spanish colonization, Filipinos weaved abaca fibers, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth. o Textiles, cloths, rugs, and hats were weaved. o Baskets were weaved and served as vessels for transport and storage, and for hunting; store food, transport grain, catching fish. o Weaved clothing, rugs for quilts and beddings o Patterns were usually thick stripes with different colors and with nice patterns o Filipinos used a fabric called “nipis” to weave white clothing and weaved with decorative flower designs. 3. Architecture o Before the Spanish came, buildings’ main function was shelter and built by materials available. o Builders had no formal training in basic forms of design but were able to create something valid and functional (Ifugao and Maranao). o The Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut is made of impermanent materials having a style that lasted through the years. ▪ The Spaniards introduced masonry in the 1500’s, yet the Nipa Hut’s basic form of structure was retained. • Landmarks that we have that date back to the Spanish are churches, forts, some government buildings, and plazas. o The Americans introduced a change in technology, achieving new designs with new materials. 4. Archeology o Diggings in many parts of the Philippines have yielded rich artifacts. o Diggings in Mindoro, Bicol, Iloilo, Sta. Ana, and in Laguna have focused attention on Oriental ceramics and earthenware. o Burial jars, gold coins, jewelry, incense jarlets, celadon bowls, and plates have found their way to most private homes and jewelry stores. o Outstanding artifacts were found in the caves of Lipoon point in Palawan and a fossilized skull cap was found at the Tabon cave. 5. Pottery o Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500 years ago. o Native Filipinos used ceramic jars to hold the deceased. o Anthromorphic designs were used, such as pot covers shaped like human heads. o Traditional pot-making used clay found near the Sibalom River. Molding the clay used wooden paddles and clay was kept away from the sunlight. o Pottery was made for water vessels, plates, and cups. o Ceramic vessels of Kalinga are divided into three types: a. Rice cooking (ittoyom) ▪ Rice cooking pots are larger and thinner with small openings b. Vegetable/meat cooking (oppaya) c. Water storage (immoso) pots ▪ Average sized 6. Music o Philippine tribal music started from the first Filipino musicians trained in Western music in the 17th century. ▪ Marcelo Adonay – trained by the Augustinian Order is a composer of full orchestral accompaniments ▪ Jose Estrella – is a composer of stage music, and wrote several operas, waltzes, and musical plays o Rondalla – a native string band which is a type of contemporary music that relates to the tribal music with its stringed instruments and to Western music o Greate Philippine Classics – a collection of Philippine classical music by the National Philharmonic Society of the Philippines. o Redentor R. Romero – the country’s first and only international conductor whose appearances span in five continents. Many of the world’s leading artists have appeared under his baton. 7. Literature and Theater o Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were epics passed from generation to generation. One epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao o The first printed book was the Doctrina Christiana. o Francisco Balagtas wrote Florante at Laura, a metrical romance which had earned him the title prince of Philippine poets. o In 1846, the first daily newspaper, La Esperanza was published in the country. o In 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased population’s ability to read Spanish. o The most notable writer of the Spanish period is also the country’s national hero Jose Rizal with his works Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. o Poetry and metrical romances: a. Tanaga – poem with four lines and seven syllables each. b. Ladino Poems – poems by those who were literate in both Spanish and vernacular. c. Corrido and awit – entertainment o The Americans brought the newspapers, as well as the English language. o Contemporary theater is mostly made up of plays from European and American dramas. a. Moriones (Marinduque) – participants dressed as Roman soldiers in a Passion play b. Panunuluyan – “seeking passage” Joseph and Mary’s search for a room c. Salubong – Easter Sunday d. Senakulo – Passion and death of Christ e. Santacruzan – Saint Helena’s finding of a cross f. Comedia – courtly love of a prince and princess from different religions g. Duplo – teams of young men and women having a debate h. Karagatan – testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden’s hand 8. Dance o There are many different types of Filipino dances varying in influence and region. o The Banga dance illustrates the grace and strength of women in the Kalinga tribe balancing pots on their heads. o Located at The University of Santo Tomas Main Building España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 10. Museo Pambata o A museum for children. Located at Roxas Boulevard corner South Drive, Ermita, Manila. ❖ Pasay City 1. CCP Museo ng Kalinangang Pilipino and Asian Traditional Musical Instruments o A museum of performing arts. o Located at the Tanghalang Pambansa CCP Complex, Roxas Boulevard, Pasay 2. GSIS Museo ng Sining o A museum of Filipino Arts. o Located at Makati Avenue corner De La Rosa Street, Greenbelt Park, Makati. ❖ Makati City 1. Ayala Museum o A museum of Filipino Arts. o Located at Makati Avenue corner De La Rosa Street, Greenbelt Park, Makati 2. Yuchengco Museum o A museum of Filipino and Filipino Chinese Arts. o Located at RCBC Plaza Ayala corner Senator Gil Puyal Avenue, Makati ❖ Pasig City 1. Lopez Memorial Museum o A museum of Filipino Contemporary Arts. o Located at Benpres Building, Exchange Road corner Meralco Avenue, Pasig ❖ Quezon City 1. Ateneo Art Gallery o A museum of Filipino of Contemporary Arts. o Located at Special Collections Building, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City. 2. Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center o The only museum in the Philippines with wide range of Philippine Arts from 1880 to 1960. o Located at Roxas Avenue, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City ❖ Taguig City 1. The Mind Museum o A science museum. o Located at J.Y. Campsos Park, 3rd Avenue, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig ❖ Cebu City 1. Paulina Constancia Museum of Naïve Art o A museum of Naïve Art, Poetry & Sustainability. o Located 110 Gorordo Ave., Cebu City ❖ Nueva Ecija 1. Provincial Capitol Museum o A museum of Novo Esijiano’s Art and Culture. o Located at Palayan City. 2. Fred’s Art Gallery o A museum of Novo Esijiano’s Artist. o Located at Cabanatuan City. ❖ Benguet 1. BenCab Museum o A museum of BenCab Arts. o Located Baguio City State of Philippine Cinema 1. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos. 2. The 2010s: Commercial Renaissance o The presence of box-office film has urged. 3. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos. 4. Anino by Raymond Red o The film won the Palme d’ Or at the Canes Film Festival 2000. 5. Still Lives by John Red o The pioneering of this digital revolution was the 1999 digital feature film “Still Lives” by John Red. ▪ Cheaper production cost using digital media over the film has helped the rebirth of independent filmmaking. ▪ The independent filmmakers spurred a renewed interest in Filipino movies through digital movies. 6. The Signs of the Rebirth of the Philippines Cinema Arose by the Way of Movies with Inspirational Themes ✓ Small Voices: The movie is about a teacher who inspired her students follow their dream: the movie also implied improving the country’s educational system ✓ Crying Ladies: The movies is about three Filipinas working as a professional mourners in Manila’s Chinatown but looking for other ways to earn a living. ✓ The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros: In 2006 and 2007, Filipino filmmakers started making movies using digital media. Numerous works of a new breed of filmmakers had their films seen at the prestigious film festivals around the world like in Berlin, Cannes, Venice, Vienna and Rotterdam. Among the works included is Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2005). ✓ Serbis: In 2008, Serbis by Brillantes Mendoza became the first Filipino full-length film to compete for Palme d’ Or at the Cannes Film Festival 7. 2000’s Decline of Movies & Emergence of Indie Films o The dawn of this era saw a dramatic decline of the Philippine movie industry. Many production houses stopped producing films after losing millions of pesos. 8. The 2010s: Commercial Renaissance o The presence of box-office film has urged. ✓ You Changed My Life: In 2009, the presence of box office films has surged, with You Change My Life, making the first Filipino movie to breach the 200M pesos mark. This started the commercial box office success trend in the Philippine cinema. ✓ Praybeyt Benjamin: In 2011, “is the most fruitful year in the Philippine Cinema history as 3 of its films landed in the top 3 highest grossing film. Vice Ganda’s The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin grossed P332M in the box office and became he highest grossing local film. ✓ A Second Chance & Beauty and the Bestie: In 2015, a new box-office breaking record has been set as A Second Chance, the sequel of One More Chance earns worldwide surpassing Phenomenal Box- Office star Vice Ganda’s The Amazing Praybet Benjamin. It is surpassed again by the Beauty and the Bestie still starred by Vice Ganda. SIGNIFICANT CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Sculpture - the most familiar art form among Filipinos. - have undergone changes in shape, form content and medium - Includes carving, molding and casting Weaving - To form an artwork by interlacing strands of a certain material - Vary in design, technique and function - Most common forms are hats, baskets, mats and textile 1. Angono, Rizal a. Higantes Festival o Started during Spanish colonial times o Angono land tillers' ways of protesting their struggles from their landlords o Made of bamboo, colorful cloths and paper mache o Perdigon Vocalan – brought the idea of the Higantes Festival during the 80's o The higantes measure 4-5 ft in diameter and 1012 ft in height o Influenced by Mexican art form of paper mache brought by Spanish priests o Yantok- used as skeleton for the body 2. Paete, Laguna a. Sculptures o Paete, derived from the Tagalog word 'paet' which means chisel. o 1887- Jose Rizal described Paete as a town where "carpenter shops" were issuing images "even those more rudely carved. (Noli Me Tangere, chapter VI) o Paete was proclaimed " the Carving Capital of the Philippines" on March 15, 2005 o Mariano Madriñan- official town hero who carved the lifelike Mater Dolorosa, honored by the King of Spain in Amsterdam in 1882. o Yoyo- believed to be invented in Paete b. Paete carver, Rogel Cabisdan, wins King of Ice Sculptures o They are also famous in the culinary world, making ice sculptures and fruit and vegetable carvings in cruise ships and world-class hotels. c. Taka o Taka refers to paper mache made using carved wooden sculptures as mold o Maria Piday- pioneered lightweight taka paper mache as alternative to heavy wooden sculptures o Tere Afuang – popularized the craft in the 1970's o Takaan – carved wooden sculpture used as mold o Common and traditional subjects include the manok, kabayo, klabaw, dalaga, etc. o Due to popularity, the residents began exporting taka- made toys and ornaments to Germany o Tube skirt made of woven multicolored cloth bearing okir designs o Similar to the sarong worn by women in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia o Patterns and styles may indicate the weaver's tribal origin such as the Maranao malong landap o Malong rawatan – very intricately designed malongs made by Maranao weavers in Lanao del Sur o Malongs are used in everyday activities- as a dress, as a blanket, sunshade, bed sheet, "dressing room", etc. o Maranaos are wrapped in a malong when they are born and are once again wrapped w/ the same malong when they die 7. B’laan, Kalinga, T’boli, ang Bagobo a. B’laan Tribal Costumes o B'laans are one of the indigenous people of Southern Mindanao. o Their name could have derived from "bla" meaning "opponent" and the suffix "an" meaning "people". o Famous for their brass works, beadwork, and t'nalak weave o Wear colorful embroidered native costumes and beadwork accessories b. Kalinga Tribal Costumes o "Peacocks of the North" because of their attention to appearance and dressing o "Kalinga" means enemy, a name that the neighboring inhabitants called the tribe because of their headhunting attacks c. T’boli Tribal Costumes o Distinguished through their colorful clothes, bracelets and earrings o Also famous for complicated beadwork, woven fabrics and brass ornaments d. Bagobo Tribal Costumes o The Bagobo are proud people w/ proto Malayan features o Have ornate traditions in weaponry and metal arts o Noted for their skill in producing brass articles through their ancient lost-wax process o They also weave abaca cloths, and baskets that are trimmed w/ beads, fibers and horse's hair ▪ Abaca Clothes, Make Baskets, and Lost Wax • Lost-Wax Process: Lost-wax process, also called cireperdue, method of metal casting in which a molten metal is poured into a mold that has been created by means of a wax model. Once the mold is made, the wax model is melted and drained away. 8. Batangas and Laguna a. Pagbuburda o Pagbuburda or embroidery is an art used in decorating textiles, w/c was brought by the Spaniards o It was part of the curriculum in girls' schools especially during Spanish times o Calado (piercing)- method used in decorating textile by pulling out threads from certain areas, reinforcing other areas, and sewing them together to make intricate lace designs o Sombrado- curvilinear patterns are appliquéd to thin clothe to make silhouette designs PHILIPPINE MUSIC AND TRADITIONAL FOLK DANCE Philippine Music ❖ A Grand Tribute to National Artists 1. Lagi Kitang Mamahalin o Is a Musical tribute to the National Artists presented by the Cultural Centre of the Philippines is such a theatrical halo-halo treat that cannot fail to make every one salivate. o Chef Chris Millado assembled the country’s favorite singers, musicians, and dancers. The miseen-scene is by Salvador F. Bernal, the sole national artist in his field, the lightning design by Dennis Marasigan and the production style by Dennis Julio Tan. 2. The Night the PPO Played Santa o In the Philippines St. Nicolas is not famous instead we are only familiar to Santa Claus. In the meantime The CCP (Cultural Center of the Philippines) played Santa to an audience of around two thousand people. Which features the PPO (Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra) in a free open air concert at the Folk arts theater front lawn. The presentation billed as Christmas and Gershwin, this program made by the CCP is to bring Santa Claus to the lives of our children especially to the street children in the Philippines. o But regardless to their situation they still manage to keep the spirit of Christmas by caroling with the use of karakas tambourines, and tin can drums. During the program the PPO (Philippine philharmonic orchestra) and Conductor Ruggero Barbieri opened the concert with the music led "Waltz of Flowers" by Peter Tchaikovysky's from the Nutcracker. ▪ This is a ballet music, from the story about a girl who fell asleep on Christmas eve besides a Christmas tree and dreams of holiday goodies on the dining table especially a toy soldier and fairies. Maestro Barbieri's baton is in the Philippines St. Nicolas is not famous instead a magic wand that can conjure these visions. Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines ❖ Luzon 1. Sayaw sa Bangko (Pangasinan) o Sayaw sa Bangko or Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko (dance on top of a bench) is a dance which originates from Pangasinan. Performers dance on top of a narrow bench that is normally six inches wide, inching and hopping from one end to another. Dancers need good balance as they go through a series of movements that includes some impressive acrobatics. o Dancer show skill in staying up the bench as they exchange places by moving their way around or the girl thrown in the air while the boy moves to the other end. o This dance traces its roots back to the areas of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan. It is usually performed during town fiestas 2. Binasuan (Pangasinan) o Binasuan is a folk dance that originated in Bayambang, Pangasinan. The word “binasuan” means “with the use of drinking glasses.” o Dancers carefully balance three half-filled glasses of rice wine on their heads and hands as they gracefully spin and roll on the ground. The arms are rotated over and under the shoulder in order to keep the palms facing up so as not to spill the liquid while nevertheless allowing the radius to cross over the ulna via pronation. o The Binasuan is an entertaining dance that is usually performed at festive social occasions like weddings and birthdays. And though it is usually perfromed alone, it can also become a competition between several dancers. 3. Pandanggo sa Ilaw (Mindoro) o Pandanggo sa Ilaw is a very popular folk dance in the Philippines. Pandango sa Ilaw is similar to Spanish Fandango. The phrase sa ilaw is Tagalog for “in light” and it refers to the three oil lamps that a dancer has to balance--one on the head and one the back each hand. The oil lamp is called tinghoy. Sometimes, candles in glasses are used instead of an oil lamp. o It is a lively dance that originated on Lubang Island, Mindoro. The music is in 3/4 time and is usually accompanied by castanets. In the early 18th century, any dance that is considered jovial and lively was called Pandanggo. o The music to which the Pandanggo sa Ilaw is now commonly danced was composed by Col. Antonio R. Buenaventura, a National Artist for music and a native of Bulacan. He wrote the music overtime in early 1930’s. o There are many versions of this dance but there is one thing in common between different versions: they have gay and sprightly figures. It may be dance at any social gathering an is usually accompanied by clapping. o Pandanggo Oasiwas is similar to the Pandanggo sa ilaw and is typically performed by the fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are placed in clothes or nets and swung around as the dancers circle and sway. o Pandanggo is still danced by many people but mostly in religious rituals and processions such as the Pandangguhan sa Pasig, during the procession of St. Martha, and the Sayaw sa Obando. 4. Maglalatik (Binan, Laguna) o The Maglalatik also known as Magbabao is a mock-war dance that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly prized food. Coconut shell halves are secured onto the dancers’ hands and on vests upon which are hung four or six more coconut shell halves. The dancers--all male, perform the dance by hitting one coconut shell with the other. Sometimes the ones on the hands, sometimes the ones on the body, and sometimes the shells worn by another performer, all in time to a fast drumbeat. o The dance is broken into four parts: two devoted to the battle and two devoted to reconciling. The men of the dance wear coconut shells as part of their costumes, and they slap them in rhythm with music. o The name of the dance comes from “Latik ” which means “fried coconut milk curd,” a coconut product that is used in Filipino cooking, particularly in snacks. The Maglalatik is danced in the religious procession during the fiesta of Binan as an offering to San Isidro de Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. 5. La Jota Moncadeña (Ilocos) o La Jota Moncadeña is a dance adapted by the Filipinos from an old Spanish dance. It’s a combination of Spanish and Ilocano dance steps set to Spanish music and castanets. • It is one of the most famous interpretation and adaptation of the Aragonese Jota Dance. People of Moncada, Tarlac call it rather by a different name: Jota Florana. ❖ Minadanao 1. Itik-itik (Surigao) o Itik itik is a mimetic folk dance in the Philippines. It originated in the province of Surigao in Mindanao. Itik-itik from the Tagalog word for “duck” -- the dance steps imitate the movements of the ducks among rice paddles and swamplands, such as wading, flying, and short, choppy steps, as well as the way it splashes water on its back to attract the mate. o The dance was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed the steps while dancing at a baptismal party o Itik-itik’s current for originated in the Philippine towns of Carrasca, Cantilan, Lanuza, and Carmen, all in Surigao del Sur. Other versions of the dance exist but Itik-itik Surigaonon remains the most popular. Alternate versions are found in Visayas such as Samar, Cebu, and Tibiao. 2. Kappa Malong-Malong o Kappa Malong-Malong, also called as Sambi sa Malong, is a Muslim influenced dance o The malong is a tabular garment, and the dance essentially shows the many ways it can be worn. o Women’s Version: ▪ The traditional women’s version shows this cloth in countless, colorful designs, used mostly as a skirt, woven in different ways depending on the purpose of the wearer. The other ways women wear a malong is as a shawl, a mantle, or a head piece. o Men’s Version: ▪ The men’s version shows rendition, how the men displays the malongs use as a sash or waist- band, shorts or bahag and a headgear 3. Singkil (Maranao) o The Singkil is a traditional dance originated from the Maranao people who inhabit the shores of Lake Lanao. o It is derived from a story in the Darangen, the Maranao interpretation of the Indian epic, the Ramayana. o The name of the dance itself means “to entangle the feet with Disturbing objects such as vines or anything in your path.” o Originally only women, particularly royalty, danced the Singkil, which serves as either a conscious or unconscious advertisement to potential suitors o The lead dancer, in the role of Putri Gandingan (the Darangen name for Sita), graciously step in and out of closing bamboo poles arranged in either a parallel, rectangular, or criss-cross fashion while manipulating either apir (fans), mosala (scarves), or even bare hands o The dance is said to have been named after bracelets or anklets or the act of voluntarily or accidentally entangling one’s feet in either vines or tall grasses. MEDIUM BASED – CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART FORMS Art is classified into several forms depending on how it is expressed. All those forms however communicate the EMOTIONS and INNER THOUGHTS of the artists which may be subjected to interpretations. It conveys a story that is uniquely the artists’ ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE AND PROFOUND SENTIMENTS. Visual Arts - These are works created primarily for visual perception, imagination and expression. - These are classified as two-dimensional arts and three-dimensional arts - Classified into: 1. Two-Dimensional o Painting o Mixed Media o Graphic Arts o Photographs 2. Three-Dimensional o Sculpture o Jewelry o Furniture o Monuments - Visual Artist: Vicente S. Manansala (1981) o January 22, 1910-August 22, 1981 o Macabebe- Pampanga o UP School of Fine Arts -1930 o Pounding Rice- 1st Prize at the UST National Art Exhibition o One of Thirteen Moderns o Neo Realist Cubist Architecture - Greek Word – arkhitekton -master builder/carpenter - A creation of science with art purposive of designing structure. - Art and discipline of creating or inferring an implied or apparent plan of complex object or system Ex. Religious, residential, industrial and commercia; - University Chapel: Doña Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Chapel - Architect: Pablo S. Antonio (1976) o January 25, 1902-June 14, 1975 o Modernist and Iconoclast o Radically changed the architecture into neoclassicism in the Philippines. o Tallest Building on 1937: Bel-Air Alhambra Apartments Dance - This is an expression represented by sequenced by body movements. - French word- DANCIER which is a non-verbal form of expression performed in varied settings. - It can be categorized and describe by its: 1. Choreography 2. Repertoire of movements 3. Historical period or place of origin. Ex. Ballet, Folk, Indigenous, street, modern, popular and hip-hop - Dancer: Lucrecia Reyes Urtula (1988) o June 29-1929 - August 24, 1999 o She was exposed to the different indigenous groups in the Philippines at a very young age. ▪ Bachelor of Science in Physical Education at the Philippine Women’s University. ▪ Martha Graham School of Modern Dance in New York ▪ Hanayagi school in Japan ▪ San Francisco State College in the 1950’s ▪ Doctorate in Theater management in dance – Polytechnic University of the Philippines in 1985 o Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1963 and Patnubay in Sining Award in 1973 Photography - This is art through photos taken by the photographer. This may be inspired by people, objects, events or the environment. - It is an art where one produces images of varied objects light and other forms of radiant energy. - Several effects can now be used to produce images that projects illusions through the use of more advanced camera features such as Retro Photo effect, Lomo effect, Vintage photo effect, comic book effect and etc. Fine Art Photography Photojournalism Commercial Photography Imbues photos with an artistic statement and selective vision of reality Documentary visual account of specific subjects and events, literally re-representing object reality rather than subject intent of the photographer. Focused on creating idealized images of products and service for the purpose of advertising, including food and fashion photograph Theater - Greek – Theatron - a place where spectators gather to watch a performance or a show. - It is a collaborative art where performance act a real life or imagined story with their: 1. Speech 2. Dance 3. Gesture 4. Music 5. Acting 6. Movements Ex. Street, school plays, ritual, protest theater, stand-up comedy and puppetry - Theater Design: Salvador F. Bernal (2003) o January 7, 1945- October 26, 2011 o Theater designer who, since 1969, designed more than 300 productions. o “Father of Philippine Theater Design” He worked with dramas, musicals, operas and concerts of Musical Theater Philippines and Opera Guild of the Philippines. o He designed costumes for films like Peque Gallaga’s- Oro Plata Mata Cinema - Aesthetic Communication through the design of time and three-dimensional space into two-dimensional images and sound. - Film and Video are essentially photographs shot in sequence to give the illusion of movement. Ex. Mainstream, short film in feature, experimental, documentary and indie. - Actor: Ronald Allan K. Poe (2006) o August 20, 1939- December 14, 2004 o Fernando Poe, Jr. FPJ o Da King o Ronwaldo Reyes o D’Lanor Pag-aaral ng Baybayin - Apat na bagay na kailangang malaman tungkol sa Batayang Tagalog Baybayin na sa Bisaya ang tawag ay BADLITAN. - The House Committee on Basic Education and Culture has approved the proposed “National Writing System Act,” or House Bill 1022. - It seeks to declare Baybayin as the republic’s national writing system and use it as a tool for cultural and economic development, and foster a wider appreciation of its importance and beauty. Alintuntunin sa Pagbaybay - “Kung ano ang bigkas, siyang baybay” - Ayon sa pagkakabigkas ng mga tunog ang batayan ng pagbaybay ng mga salita sa salita sa wikang Tagalog. - Huwag gawing batayan ang pagkabaybay ng mga salita, lalo na ang mga pangalan, ang Alpabetong Filipino. Four Basic Strokes in Baybayin: 1. Inverted S 2. Wave 3. No. 3 4. U-shape Pangkukudlit - Mga Tanda na nilalagay sa Katinig - Ang Krus Kudlit (+) na sinusulat sa ilalim ng katinig, ay inembento ng mga Kastila noong bago nilathala ang kilawang bersyon ng Doctrina Christiana (1621). - Ang pamudpod ( , ) ay isinulat sa tabi ng katinig ay inembento ni Antoon Postma para sa Surat Mangyan. - Symbols for eliminating vowels: o ( . x + , ) Pagbabantas - Punctuation Mark o / Danda- ginagamit bilang kuwit (pause) o // Kapid Danda- ginagamit ng pagtutuldok ( . ? ! ) Baybayin (not Alibata) is an alphabet with three vowels (a, e-i, o-u) and 14 consonants, widely used before the Spanish conquest up until 1668 when they were removed from official publications of Doctrina Christina. The House Committee on Basic Education and Culture has approved the proposed “National Writing System Act,” or House Bill 1022. It seeks to declare Baybayin as the republic’s national writing system and use it as a tool for cultural and economic development, and foster a wider appreciation of its importance and beauty.