Guide Questions
1. What are the differing arguments for and against the primary sources on the
First Cry of the Revolution?
- In Balintawak, where the initial cry was supposed to have occurred on
August 26, 1908, a memorial to the Heroes of 1896 was constructed in 1911.
Even so, several Katipuneros who claimed to have been present at the time
questioned the event's date and location. After comprehensive investigation of
original materials, the National Historical Commission ruled in 1963 that the
First Cry of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 occurred on August 23 at Pugad
Lawin. Here are some of the primary sources: Dr.Pio Valenzuela’s account (
Many of those there tore their cedula certificates and shouted after the heated
meeting... LONG LIVE THE PHILIPPINES! LONG LIVE THE PHILIPPINES!),
Santiago Alvarez’s Account (Sampaguita was eventually released as a book,
with 36 parts, named..... The Katipunan and the Revolution), Guillermo
Masangkay's Account ( On August26, a large meeting was organized in
Balintawak at the home of Apolonio Samson, who was then the cabeza of the
Caloocan barrio.)
2. What is the significance of the tearing of the cedulas? What did the cedulas
signify?
- The significance of the tearing of the cedulas is that events occurring at the
time prompted Bonifacio's tearing of the cedula, which ignited the
Revolutionary War. Cedula is a piece of paper that represents the oppression
of the Spaniards and tearing it represented the beginning of a fight for
sovereignty and liberty. Bonifacio and his fellow Filipinos alongside the
revolution would then have to destroy it since the cedula represents our
people's economic and political oppression at the time.
3. What are the differing arguments for and against the primary sources on the
events of the Cavite Mutiny?
- Resulting in the reduction of privileges enjoyed mostly by laborers of the
Cavite arsenal, along with exemption from contribution and forced labor, the
Cavite Mutiny is an attempt by indigenous to overthrow the Spanish authority
in the Philippines during this period. Here are some of the differing arguments
for and against the primary sources on the events of the Cavite Mutiny are:
