Cranial Nerves, Slides of Neuroscience

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Cranial Nerves

Martin Wessendorf

Department of Neuroscience

University of Minnesota

https://inneorgans.com/nerves-of-the-human- body/nerves-of-the-human-body-manash-subhaditya- edusoft-human-brain-most-advance-biological/

Spinal foramena vs. cranial foramena

Spinal foramena Cranial foramena

Cranial nerves 1-

1. Olfactory (smell)

2. Optic (vision)

3. Oculomotor (5 muscles of orbit)

4. Trochlear (one muscle of orbit)

5. Trigeminal (sensation to face + muscles for

chewing)

6. Abducens (one muscle of orbit)

Mnemonic for cranial nerves

“On old Olympus’s towering tops, a Finn and

German viewed some hops.”

Mnemonic for cranial nerves

1. On ( olfactory )
2. Old ( optic )
3. Olympus’s ( oculomotor )
4. Towering ( trochlear )
5. Tops ( trigeminal )
6. A ( abducens )
7. Finn ( facial )
8. And ( “auditory”, i.e. vestibulocochlear )
9. German ( glossopharyngeal )
10. Viewed ( vagus )
11. Some ( spinal accessory )
12. Hops ( hypoglossal )

CN 1: Olfactory nerve

Cribiform plate (skull) Midline view of nasal septum

Olfactory nerves synapse onto

olfactory bulbs

Olfactory tracts: carry information about smell into cerebral cortex

CN 2: Optic nerve

Visual system

Optic nerve

Optic tract

Optic chiasm

Lateral geniculate

nucleus (thalamus)

Visual cortex

(occipital lobe)

Retinal ganglion neurons

CN 3: Oculomotor nerve

Oculomotor nerve: 4 of 6 extraocular

muscles (plus eyelid)

Functions of oculomotor nerve

• Special sensation

• Smell, vision, hearing, balance, taste, oxygen, CO

• Cutaneous sensation

• Touch, temperature, vibration, pain, etc.

• Visceral sensation

• E.g., sensors for blood pressure & stomach fullness

• Skeletal muscles

• 4 of 6 extraocular muscles; eyelid

• Visceral motor output

• Pupil constriction; focusing lens (both parasympathetic)

CN 4: Trochlear nerve

Trochlear nerve